1
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Bouchareb E, Dallel S, De Haze A, Damon-Soubeyrand C, Renaud Y, Baabdaty E, Vialat M, Fabre J, Pouchin P, De Joussineau C, Degoul F, Sanmukh S, Gendronneau J, Sanchez P, Gonthier-Gueret C, Trousson A, Morel L, Lobaccaro JM, Kocer A, Baron S. Liver X Receptors Enhance Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2776. [PMID: 39199549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men. Metastasis is the leading cause of death in prostate cancer patients. One of the crucial processes involved in metastatic spread is the "epithelial-mesenchymal transition" (EMT), which allows cells to acquire the ability to invade distant organs. Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that have been demonstrated to regulate EMT in various cancers, including hepatic cancer. Our study reveals that the LXR pathway can control pro-invasive cell capacities through EMT in prostate cancer, employing ex vivo and in vivo approaches. We characterized the EMT status of the commonly used LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines through molecular and immunohistochemistry experiments. The impact of LXR activation on EMT function was also assessed by analyzing the migration and invasion of these cell lines in the absence or presence of an LXR agonist. Using in vivo experiments involving NSG-immunodeficient mice xenografted with PC3-GFP cells, we were able to study metastatic spread and the effect of LXRs on this process. LXR activation led to an increase in the accumulation of Vimentin and Amphiregulin in PC3. Furthermore, the migration of PC3 cells significantly increased in the presence of the LXR agonist, correlating with an upregulation of EMT. Interestingly, LXR activation significantly increased metastatic spread in an NSG mouse model. Overall, this work identifies a promoting effect of LXRs on EMT in the PC3 model of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Bouchareb
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sarah Dallel
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angélique De Haze
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Damon-Soubeyrand
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoan Renaud
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elissa Baabdaty
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Vialat
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Fabre
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Pouchin
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille De Joussineau
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Degoul
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Swapnil Sanmukh
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Juliette Gendronneau
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Phelipe Sanchez
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Gonthier-Gueret
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean Marc Lobaccaro
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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2
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Vacondio D, Nogueira Pinto H, Coenen L, Mulder IA, Fontijn R, van Het Hof B, Fung WK, Jongejan A, Kooij G, Zelcer N, Rozemuller AJ, de Vries HE, de Wit NM. Liver X receptor alpha ensures blood-brain barrier function by suppressing SNAI2. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:781. [PMID: 38016947 PMCID: PMC10684660 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) more than 50% of the patients are affected by capillary cerebral amyloid-angiopathy (capCAA), which is characterized by localized hypoxia, neuro-inflammation and loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Moreover, AD patients with or without capCAA display increased vessel number, indicating a reactivation of the angiogenic program. The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for BBB dysfunction and angiogenesis in capCAA is still unclear, preventing a full understanding of disease pathophysiology. The Liver X receptor (LXR) family, consisting of LXRα and LXRβ, was reported to inhibit angiogenesis and particularly LXRα was shown to secure BBB stability, suggesting a major role in vascular function. In this study, we unravel the regulatory mechanism exerted by LXRα to preserve BBB integrity in human brain endothelial cells (BECs) and investigate its role during pathological conditions. We report that LXRα ensures BECs identity via constitutive inhibition of the transcription factor SNAI2. Accordingly, deletion of brain endothelial LXRα is associated with impaired DLL4-NOTCH signalling, a critical signalling pathway involved in vessel sprouting. A similar response was observed when BECs were exposed to hypoxia, with concomitant LXRα decrease and SNAI2 increase. In support of our cell-based observations, we report a general increase in vascular SNAI2 in the occipital cortex of AD patients with and without capCAA. Importantly, SNAI2 strongly associated with vascular amyloid-beta deposition and angiopoietin-like 4, a marker for hypoxia. In hypoxic capCAA vessels, the expression of LXRα may decrease leading to an increased expression of SNAI2, and consequently BECs de-differentiation and sprouting. Our findings indicate that LXRα is essential for BECs identity, thereby securing BBB stability and preventing aberrant angiogenesis. These results uncover a novel molecular pathway essential for BBB identity and vascular homeostasis providing new insights on the vascular pathology affecting AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vacondio
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Nogueira Pinto
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Coenen
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - I A Mulder
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Fontijn
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B van Het Hof
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W K Fung
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Jongejan
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Kooij
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N Zelcer
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam Department of Medical Biochemistry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A J Rozemuller
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H E de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N M de Wit
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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3
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Jonckheere S, Adams J, De Groote D, Campbell K, Berx G, Goossens S. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) as a Therapeutic Target. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:157-182. [PMID: 33401271 DOI: 10.1159/000512218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumour to distant sites and organs throughout the body. It is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, and is estimated to account for 90% of cancer-related deaths. During the initial steps of the metastatic cascade, epithelial cancer cells undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and as a result become migratory and invasive mesenchymal-like cells while acquiring cancer stem cell properties and therapy resistance. As EMT is involved in such a broad range of processes associated with malignant transformation, it has become an increasingly interesting target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Anti-EMT therapeutic strategies could potentially not only prevent the invasion and dissemination of cancer cells, and as such prevent the formation of metastatic lesions, but also attenuate cancer stemness and increase the effectiveness of more classical chemotherapeutics. In this review, we give an overview about the pros and cons of therapies targeting EMT and discuss some already existing candidate drug targets and high-throughput screening tools to identify novel anti-EMT compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Jonckheere
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jamie Adams
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic De Groote
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kyra Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Geert Berx
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, .,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,
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Bellomo C, Caja L, Fabregat I, Mikulits W, Kardassis D, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. Snail mediates crosstalk between TGFβ and LXRα in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:885-903. [PMID: 29230000 PMCID: PMC5943406 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complexity of changes in differentiation and cell survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential for the design of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic modalities. In this context, we have analyzed the crosstalk between transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and liver X receptor α (LXRα) pathways. TGFβ is known to promote cytostatic and pro-apoptotic responses in HCC, and to facilitate mesenchymal differentiation. We here demonstrate that stimulation of the nuclear LXRα receptor system by physiological and clinically useful agonists controls the HCC response to TGFβ. Specifically, LXRα activation antagonizes the mesenchymal, reactive oxygen species and pro-apoptotic responses to TGFβ and the mesenchymal transcription factor Snail mediates this crosstalk. In contrast, LXRα activation and TGFβ cooperate in enforcing cytostasis in HCC, which preserves their epithelial features. LXRα influences Snail expression transcriptionally, acting on the Snail promoter. These findings propose that clinically used LXR agonists may find further application to the treatment of aggressive, mesenchymal HCCs, whose progression is chronically dependent on autocrine or paracrine TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bellomo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laia Caja
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, and Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, ES-08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, GR-71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 595, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden.
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