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Joshi LK, Franke J, Rath A, Ares F, Murciano S, Kranzl F, Blatt R, Zoller P, Vermersch B, Calabrese P, Roos CF, Joshi MK. Observing the Quantum Mpemba Effect in Quantum Simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:010402. [PMID: 39042798 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The nonequilibrium physics of many-body quantum systems harbors various unconventional phenomena. In this Letter, we experimentally investigate one of the most puzzling of these phenomena-the quantum Mpemba effect, where a tilted ferromagnet restores its symmetry more rapidly when it is farther from the symmetric state compared to when it is closer. We present the first experimental evidence of the occurrence of this effect in a trapped-ion quantum simulator. The symmetry breaking and restoration are monitored through entanglement asymmetry, probed via randomized measurements, and postprocessed using the classical shadows technique. Our findings are further substantiated by measuring the Frobenius distance between the experimental state and the stationary thermal symmetric theoretical state, offering direct evidence of subsystem thermalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Kh Joshi
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- SISSA and INFN, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Johannes Franke
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Experimental Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aniket Rath
- Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sara Murciano
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, and Department of Physics and IQIM, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Florian Kranzl
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Experimental Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Blatt
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Experimental Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Zoller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benoît Vermersch
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pasquale Calabrese
- SISSA and INFN, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian F Roos
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Experimental Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manoj K Joshi
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Experimental Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Kundu M, Chandrashekar CM. Non-Markovianity between Site Pairs in FMO Complex Using Discrete-Time Quantum Jump Model. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48067-48074. [PMID: 36591116 PMCID: PMC9798750 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Fenna-Mathews-Olson (FMO) complex present in green sulfur bacteria is known to mediate the transfer of excitation energy between light-harvesting chlorosomes and membrane-embedded bacterial reaction centers. Due to the high efficiency of this transport process, it is an extensively studied pigment-protein complex system with the eventual aim of modeling and engineering similar dynamics in other systems and using it for real-time application. Some studies have attributed the enhancement of transport efficiency to wavelike behavior and non-Markovian quantum jumps resulting in long-lived and revival of quantum coherence, respectively. Since dynamics in these systems reside in the quantum-classical regime, quantum simulation of such dynamics will help in exploring the subtle role of quantum features in enhancing the transport efficiency, which has remained unsettled. Discrete simulation of the dynamics in the FMO complex can help in efficient engineering of the heat bath and controlling the environment with the system. In this work, using the discrete quantum jump model we show and quantify the presence of higher non-Markovian memory effects in specific site pairs when internal structures and environmental effects are in favor of faster transport. As a consequence, our study leans toward the connection between non-Markovianity in quantum jumps with the enhancement of transport efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Kundu
- Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur760010, India
| | - C. M. Chandrashekar
- Quantum
Optics & Quantum Information, Department of Instrumentation and
Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru560012, India
- The
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C. I. T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai600113, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai400094, India
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3
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Daley AJ, Bloch I, Kokail C, Flannigan S, Pearson N, Troyer M, Zoller P. Practical quantum advantage in quantum simulation. Nature 2022; 607:667-676. [PMID: 35896643 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of quantum computing across several technologies and platforms has reached the point of having an advantage over classical computers for an artificial problem, a point known as 'quantum advantage'. As a next step along the development of this technology, it is now important to discuss 'practical quantum advantage', the point at which quantum devices will solve problems of practical interest that are not tractable for traditional supercomputers. Many of the most promising short-term applications of quantum computers fall under the umbrella of quantum simulation: modelling the quantum properties of microscopic particles that are directly relevant to modern materials science, high-energy physics and quantum chemistry. This would impact several important real-world applications, such as developing materials for batteries, industrial catalysis or nitrogen fixing. Much as aerodynamics can be studied either through simulations on a digital computer or in a wind tunnel, quantum simulation can be performed not only on future fault-tolerant digital quantum computers but also already today through special-purpose analogue quantum simulators. Here we overview the state of the art and future perspectives for quantum simulation, arguing that a first practical quantum advantage already exists in the case of specialized applications of analogue devices, and that fully digital devices open a full range of applications but require further development of fault-tolerant hardware. Hybrid digital-analogue devices that exist today already promise substantial flexibility in near-term applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Daley
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany.,Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kokail
- Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stuart Flannigan
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Natalie Pearson
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Peter Zoller
- Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Guseynov NM, Pogosov WV. Quantum simulation of fermionic systems using hybrid digital-analog quantum computing approach. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:285901. [PMID: 35447609 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We consider a hybrid digital-analog quantum computing approach, which allows implementing any quantum algorithm without standard two-qubit gates. This approach is based on the always-on interaction between qubits, which can provide an alternative to such gates. We show how digital-analog approach can be applied to simulate the dynamics of fermionic systems, in particular, the Fermi-Hubbard model, using fermionic SWAP network and refocusing technique. We concentrate on the effects of connectivity topology, the spread of interaction constants as well as on errors of entangling operations. We find that an optimal connectivity topology of qubits for the digital-analog simulation of fermionic systems of arbitrary dimensionality is a chain for spinless fermions and a ladder for spin 1/2 particles. Such a simple connectivity topology makes digital-analog approach attractive for the simulation of quantum materials and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Guseynov
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia
- Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - W V Pogosov
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- HSE University, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Abstract
Quantum mechanics allows for a consistent formulation of particles that are neither bosons nor fermions. These para-particles are rather indiscernible in nature. Recently, we showed that strong coupling between a qubit and two field modes is required to simulate even order para-Bose oscillators. Here, we show that finite-dimensional representations of even order para-Fermi oscillators are feasible of quantum simulation under weak coupling. This opens the door to their potential implementation in different contemporaneous quantum electrodynamics platforms. We emphasize the intrinsic value of para-particles for the quantum state engineering of bichromatic field modes. In particular, we demonstrate that binomial two field mode states result from the evolution of para-Fermi vacuum states in the quantum simulation of these oscillators.
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6
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Zhang X, Zhang K, Shen Y, Zhang S, Zhang JN, Yung MH, Casanova J, Pedernales JS, Lamata L, Solano E, Kim K. Experimental quantum simulation of fermion-antifermion scattering via boson exchange in a trapped ion. Nat Commun 2018; 9:195. [PMID: 29335446 PMCID: PMC5768889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum field theories describe a variety of fundamental phenomena in physics. However, their study often involves cumbersome numerical simulations. Quantum simulators, on the other hand, may outperform classical computational capacities due to their potential scalability. Here we report an experimental realization of a quantum simulation of fermion-antifermion scattering mediated by bosonic modes, using a multilevel trapped ion, which is a simplified model of fermion scattering in both perturbative and non-perturbative quantum electrodynamics. The simulated model exhibits prototypical features in quantum field theory including particle pair creation and annihilation, as well as self-energy interactions. These are experimentally observed by manipulating four internal levels of a 171Yb+ trapped ion, where we encode the fermionic modes, and two motional degrees of freedom that simulate the bosonic modes. Our experiment establishes an avenue towards the efficient implementation of field modes, which may prove useful in studies of quantum field theories including non-perturbative regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yangchao Shen
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuaining Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing-Ning Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Man-Hong Yung
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jorge Casanova
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julen S Pedernales
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Lucas Lamata
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Enrique Solano
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Kihwan Kim
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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7
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Cerezo M, Rossignoli R, Canosa N, Ríos E. Factorization and Criticality in Finite XXZ Systems of Arbitrary Spin. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:220605. [PMID: 29286784 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.220605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We analyze ground state (GS) factorization in general arrays of spins s_{i} with XXZ couplings immersed in nonuniform fields. It is shown that an exceptionally degenerate set of completely separable symmetry-breaking GSs can arise for a wide range of field configurations, at a quantum critical point where all GS magnetization plateaus merge. Such configurations include alternating fields as well as zero-bulk field solutions with edge fields only and intermediate solutions with zero field at specific sites, valid for d-dimensional arrays. The definite magnetization-projected GSs at factorization can be analytically determined and depend only on the exchange anisotropies, exhibiting critical entanglement properties. We also show that some factorization-compatible field configurations may result in field-induced frustration and nontrivial behavior at strong fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cerezo
- Instituto de Física de La Plata, CONICET, and Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C.C. 67, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - R Rossignoli
- Instituto de Física de La Plata, CONICET, and Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C.C. 67, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - N Canosa
- Instituto de Física de La Plata, CONICET, and Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C.C. 67, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - E Ríos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Avellaneda, C.C. 1874, Argentina
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8
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A Single-Ion Reservoir as a High-Sensitive Sensor of Electric Signals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8336. [PMID: 28827533 PMCID: PMC5566332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A single-ion reservoir has been tested, and characterized in order to be used as a highly sensitive optical detector of electric signals arriving at the trapping electrodes. Our system consists of a single laser-cooled 40Ca+ ion stored in a Paul trap with rotational symmetry. The performance is observed through the axial motion of the ion, which is equivalent to an underdamped and forced oscillator. Thus, the results can be projected also to Penning traps. We have found that, for an ion oscillator temperature Taxial ≲ 10 mK in the forced-frequency range ωz = 2π × (80,200 kHz), the reservoir is sensitive to a time-varying electric field equivalent to an electric force of 5.3(2) neV/μm, for a measured quality factor Q = 3875(45), and a decay time constant γz = 88(2) s−1. This method can be applied to measure optically the strength of an oscillating field or induced (driven) charge in this frequency range within times of tens of milliseconds. Furthermore the ion reservoir has been proven to be sensitive to electrostatic forces by measuring the ion displacement. Since the heating rate is below 0.3 μeV/s, this reservoir might be used as optical detector for any ion or bunch of charged particles stored in an adjacent trap.
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9
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García-Álvarez L, Egusquiza IL, Lamata L, Del Campo A, Sonner J, Solano E. Digital Quantum Simulation of Minimal AdS/CFT. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:040501. [PMID: 29341740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose the digital quantum simulation of a minimal AdS/CFT model in controllable quantum platforms. We consider the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model describing interacting Majorana fermions with randomly distributed all-to-all couplings, encoding nonlocal fermionic operators onto qubits to efficiently implement their dynamics via digital techniques. Moreover, we also give a method for probing nonequilibrium dynamics and the scrambling of information. Finally, our approach serves as a protocol for reproducing a simplified low-dimensional model of quantum gravity in advanced quantum platforms as trapped ions and superconducting circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- L García-Álvarez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - I L Egusquiza
- Department of Theoretical Physics and History of Science, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - L Lamata
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Del Campo
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
| | - J Sonner
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1214 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E Solano
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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10
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Lamata L. Digital-analog quantum simulation of generalized Dicke models with superconducting circuits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43768. [PMID: 28256559 PMCID: PMC5335609 DOI: 10.1038/srep43768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a digital-analog quantum simulation of generalized Dicke models with superconducting circuits, including Fermi- Bose condensates, biased and pulsed Dicke models, for all regimes of light-matter coupling. We encode these classes of problems in a set of superconducting qubits coupled with a bosonic mode implemented by a transmission line resonator. Via digital-analog techniques, an efficient quantum simulation can be performed in state-of-the-art circuit quantum electrodynamics platforms, by suitable decomposition into analog qubit-bosonic blocks and collective single-qubit pulses through digital steps. Moreover, just a single global analog block would be needed during the whole protocol in most of the cases, superimposed with fast periodic pulses to rotate and detune the qubits. Therefore, a large number of digital steps may be attained with this approach, providing a reduced digital error. Additionally, the number of gates per digital step does not grow with the number of qubits, rendering the simulation efficient. This strategy paves the way for the scalable digital-analog quantum simulation of many-body dynamics involving bosonic modes and spin degrees of freedom with superconducting circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lamata
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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