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Chen J, Yang L, Ma Y, Zhang Y. Recent advances in understanding the immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1412328. [PMID: 38903506 PMCID: PMC11188340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of ovarian cancer (OC) is a major factor in women's mortality rates. Despite progress in medical treatments, like new drugs targeting homologous recombination deficiency, survival rates for OC patients are still not ideal. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes cancer cells, fibroblasts linked to cancer (CAFs), immune-inflammatory cells, and the substances these cells secrete, along with non-cellular components in the extracellular matrix (ECM). First, the TME mainly plays a role in inhibiting tumor growth and protecting normal cell survival. As tumors progress, the TME gradually becomes a place to promote tumor cell progression. Immune cells in the TME have attracted much attention as targets for immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has the potential to regulate the TME, suppressing factors that facilitate tumor advancement, reactivating immune cells, managing tumor growth, and extending the survival of patients with advanced cancer. This review presents an outline of current studies on the distinct cellular elements within the OC TME, detailing their main functions and possible signaling pathways. Additionally, we examine immunotherapy rechallenge in OC, with a specific emphasis on the biological reasons behind resistance to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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Cell membrane cloaked nanomedicines for bio-imaging and immunotherapy of cancer: Improved pharmacokinetics, cell internalization and anticancer efficacy. J Control Release 2021; 335:130-157. [PMID: 34015400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite enormous advancements in the field of oncology, the innocuous and effectual treatment of various types of malignancies remained a colossal challenge. The conventional modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have been remained the most viable options for cancer treatment, but lacking of target-specificity, optimum safety and efficacy, and pharmacokinetic disparities are their impliable shortcomings. Though, in recent decades, numerous encroachments in the field of onco-targeted drug delivery have been adapted but several limitations (i.e., short plasma half-life, early clearance by reticuloendothelial system, immunogenicity, inadequate internalization and localization into the onco-tissues, chemoresistance, and deficient therapeutic efficacy) associated with these onco-targeted delivery systems limits their clinical viability. To abolish the aforementioned inadequacies, a promising approach has been emerged in which stealthing of synthetic nanocarriers has been attained by cloaking them into the natural cell membranes. These biomimetic nanomedicines not only retain characteristics features of the synthetic nanocarriers but also inherit the cell-membrane intrinsic functionalities. In this review, we have summarized preparation methods, mechanism of cloaking, and pharmaceutical and therapeutic superiority of cell-membrane camouflaged nanomedicines in improving the bio-imaging and immunotherapy against various types of malignancies. These pliable adaptations have revolutionized the current drug delivery strategies by optimizing the plasma circulation time, improving the permeation into the cancerous microenvironment, escaping the immune evasion and rapid clearance from the systemic circulation, minimizing the immunogenicity, and enabling the cell-cell communication via cell membrane markers of biomimetic nanomedicines. Moreover, the preeminence of cell-membrane cloaked nanomedicines in improving the bio-imaging and theranostic applications, alone or in combination with phototherapy or radiotherapy, have also been pondered.
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Tai CS, Lan KC, Wang E, Chan FE, Hsieh MT, Huang CW, Weng SL, Chen PC, Chen WL. Nanotopography as Artificial Microenvironment for Accurate Visualization of Metastasis Development via Simulation of ECM Dynamics. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1400-1411. [PMID: 33522822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic progression is mediated by complex interactions between deregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) and cancer cells and remains a major challenge in cancer management. To investigate the role of ECM dynamics in promoting metastasis development, we developed an artificial microenvironment (AME) platform comprised of nanodot arrays of increasing diameter. Cells cultured on the platform showed increasing signs of mesenchymal-like cell transition as AME diameter increased, suggesting accurate simulation of ECM-mediated gene regulation. Gene expression was analyzed to determine genes significant to transition, which were then used to select appropriate small molecule drugs for time course treatments. Our results suggest that the platform can identify critical target genes as well as possible drug candidates. Overall, the AME platform allows for the study of intricate ECM-induced gene expression trends across metastasis development that would otherwise be difficult to visualize in vivo and may open new avenues toward successful personalized cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-San Tai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chun Lan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Erick Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Erh Chan
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Long Weng
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen Liang Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Ting CK, Dhawan U, Tseng CL, Alex Gong CS, Liu WC, Tsai HD, Chung RJ. Hyperthermia-Induced Controlled Local Anesthesia Administration Using Gelatin-Coated Iron-Gold Alloy Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1097. [PMID: 33207577 PMCID: PMC7697341 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of optimal methods employing nanoparticles to administer local anesthesia often results in posing severe risks such as non-biocompatibility, in vivo cytotoxicity, and drug overdose to patients. Here, we employed magnetic field-induced hyperthermia to achieve localized anesthesia. We synthesized iron-gold alloy nanoparticles (FeAu Nps), conjugated an anesthetic drug, Lidocaine, and coated the product with gelatin to increase the biocompatibility, resulting in a FeAu@Gelatin-Lidocaine nano-complex formation. The biocompatibility of this drug-nanoparticle conjugate was evaluated in vitro, and its ability to trigger local anesthesia was also evaluated in vivo. Upon exposure to high-frequency induction waves (HFIW), 7.2 ± 2.8 nm sized superparamagnetic nanoparticles generated heat, which dissociated the gelatin coating, thereby triggering Lidocaine release. MTT assay revealed that 82% of cells were viable at 5 mg/mL concentration of Lidocaine, indicating that no significant cytotoxicity was induced. In vivo experiments revealed that unless stimulated with HFIW, Lidocaine was not released from the FeAu@Gelatin-Lidocaine complex. In a proof-of-concept experiment, an intramuscular injection of FeAu@Gelatin-Lidocaine complex was administered to the rat posterior leg, which upon HFIW stimulation triggered an anesthetic effect to the injected muscle. Based on our findings, the FeAu@Gelatin-Lidocaine complex can deliver hyperthermia-induced controlled anesthetic drug release and serve as an ideal candidate for site-specific anesthesia administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Kun Ting
- Division of General Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Udesh Dhawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (U.D.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.T.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- International Ph. D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Biomedical Device, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph. D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Cihun-Siyong Alex Gong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Green Technology Research Center, Portable Energy System Group, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, 5, Fuxing St., Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Ching Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (U.D.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.T.)
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, 20A, Tsing Yi Road, Tsing Yi Island, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huai-De Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (U.D.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.T.)
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (U.D.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.T.)
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Dhawan U, Wang WL, Gautam B, Aerathupalathu Janardhanan J, Hsiao PC, Tu HL, Yu HH. Mechanotactic Activation of TGF-β by PEDOT Artificial Microenvironments Triggers Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900165. [PMID: 32293138 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is integral for cells to acquire metastatic properties, and ample evidence links it to bioorganic framework of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hydroxymethyl-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polymer (PEDOT-OH) enables construction of diverse nanotopography size and morphologies and is therefore exploited to engineer organic artificial microenvironments bearing nanodots from 300 to 1000 nm in diameter to understand spatiotemporal EMT regulation by biophysical components of the TME. MCF-7 breast cancer cells are cultured on these artificial microenvironments, and temporal regulation of cellular morphology and EMT markers is investigated. The results show that upon physical stimulation, cells on 300 nm artificial microenvironments advance to EMT and display a decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein secretion. In contrast, cells on 500 nm artificial microenvironments are trapped in EMT-imbalance. Interestingly, cells on 1000 nm artificial microenvironments resemble those on control surfaces. Upon further investigation, it is found that EMT induction is triggered via transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and ECM cleaving protein, matrix metalloproteinease-9. Immunostaining EMT proteins highlighted that EMT induction is achieved through attenuation of cell-cell and cell-microenvironment adhesions. The physical stimulation-induced TGF-β perturbation can have a profound impact on the understanding of tumor-promoting signaling cascades originated by cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udesh Dhawan
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Li Wang
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bhaskarchand Gautam
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Taiwan International graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 300, ROC
| | - Jayakrishnan Aerathupalathu Janardhanan
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Taiwan International graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 300, ROC
| | - Po-Chiang Hsiao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiung-Lin Tu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
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Fohlerova Z, Mozalev A. Anodic formation and biomedical properties of hafnium-oxide nanofilms. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2300-2310. [PMID: 32254678 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hafnium dioxide (HfO2) is attracting attention for bio-related applications due to its good cytocompatibility, high density, and resistance to corrosion and mechanical damage. Here we synthesize two types of hafnium-oxide thin films on substrates via self-organized electrochemical anodization: (1) an array of hierarchically structured nanorods anchored to a thin oxide layer and (2) a microscopically flat oxide film. The nanostructured film is composed of a unique mixture of HfO2, suboxide Hf2O3, and oxide-hydroxide compound HfO2·nH2O whereas the flat film is mainly HfO2. In vitro interaction of the two films with MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and Gram-negative E. coli bacteria is studied for the first time to assess the potential of the films for biomedical application. Both films reveal good cytocompatibility and affinity for proteins, represented by fibronectin and especially albumin, which is absorbed in a nine times larger amount. The morphology and specific surface chemistry of the nanostructured film cause a two-fold enhanced antibacterial effect, better cell attachment, significantly improved proliferation of cells, five-fold rise in the cellular Young's modulus, slightly stronger production of reactive oxygen species, and formation of cell clusters. Compared with the flat film, the nanostructured one features the weakening of AFM-measured adhesion force at the cell/surface interface, probably caused by partially lifting the nanorods from the substrate due to the strong contact with cells. The present findings deepen the understanding of biological processes at the living cell/metal-oxide interface, underlying the role of surface chemistry and the impact of nanostructuring at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Fohlerova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Drakes ML, Stiff PJ. Regulation of Ovarian Cancer Prognosis by Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E302. [PMID: 30200478 PMCID: PMC6162424 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that in the United States in 2018 there will be 22,240 new cases of ovarian cancer and 14,070 deaths due to this malignancy. The most common subgroup of this disease is high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which is known for its aggressiveness, high recurrence rate, metastasis to other sites, and the development of resistance to conventional therapy. It is important to understand the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) from the viewpoint of the function of pre-existing immune cells, as immunocompetent cells are crucial to mounting robust antitumor responses to prevent visible tumor lesions, disease progression, or recurrence. Networks consisting of innate and adaptive immune cells, metabolic pathways, intracellular signaling molecules, and a vast array of soluble factors, shape the pathogenic nature of the TME and are useful prognostic indicators of responses to conventional therapy and immunotherapy, and subsequent survival rates. This review highlights key immune cells and soluble molecules in the TME of ovarian cancer, which are important in the development of effective antitumor immunity, as well as those that impair effector T cell activity. A more insightful knowledge of the HGSOC TME will reveal potential immune biomarkers to aid in the early detection of this disease, as well as biomarkers that may be targeted to advance the design of novel therapies that induce potent antitumor immunity and survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Drakes
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Building 112, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Patrick J Stiff
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Building 112, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Regulation of Ovarian Cancer Prognosis by Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 30200478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090302]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that in the United States in 2018 there will be 22,240 new cases of ovarian cancer and 14,070 deaths due to this malignancy. The most common subgroup of this disease is high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which is known for its aggressiveness, high recurrence rate, metastasis to other sites, and the development of resistance to conventional therapy. It is important to understand the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) from the viewpoint of the function of pre-existing immune cells, as immunocompetent cells are crucial to mounting robust antitumor responses to prevent visible tumor lesions, disease progression, or recurrence. Networks consisting of innate and adaptive immune cells, metabolic pathways, intracellular signaling molecules, and a vast array of soluble factors, shape the pathogenic nature of the TME and are useful prognostic indicators of responses to conventional therapy and immunotherapy, and subsequent survival rates. This review highlights key immune cells and soluble molecules in the TME of ovarian cancer, which are important in the development of effective antitumor immunity, as well as those that impair effector T cell activity. A more insightful knowledge of the HGSOC TME will reveal potential immune biomarkers to aid in the early detection of this disease, as well as biomarkers that may be targeted to advance the design of novel therapies that induce potent antitumor immunity and survival benefit.
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Drakes ML, Stiff PJ. Regulation of Ovarian Cancer Prognosis by Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 30200478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090302] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that in the United States in 2018 there will be 22,240 new cases of ovarian cancer and 14,070 deaths due to this malignancy. The most common subgroup of this disease is high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which is known for its aggressiveness, high recurrence rate, metastasis to other sites, and the development of resistance to conventional therapy. It is important to understand the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) from the viewpoint of the function of pre-existing immune cells, as immunocompetent cells are crucial to mounting robust antitumor responses to prevent visible tumor lesions, disease progression, or recurrence. Networks consisting of innate and adaptive immune cells, metabolic pathways, intracellular signaling molecules, and a vast array of soluble factors, shape the pathogenic nature of the TME and are useful prognostic indicators of responses to conventional therapy and immunotherapy, and subsequent survival rates. This review highlights key immune cells and soluble molecules in the TME of ovarian cancer, which are important in the development of effective antitumor immunity, as well as those that impair effector T cell activity. A more insightful knowledge of the HGSOC TME will reveal potential immune biomarkers to aid in the early detection of this disease, as well as biomarkers that may be targeted to advance the design of novel therapies that induce potent antitumor immunity and survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Drakes
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Building 112, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Patrick J Stiff
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Building 112, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Dhawan U, Sue MW, Lan KC, Buddhakosai W, Huang PH, Chen YC, Chen PC, Chen WL. Nanochip-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Impact of Physical Microenvironment on Cancer Metastasis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11474-11485. [PMID: 29557633 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly orchestrated process motivated by the nature of physical and chemical compositions of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The role of the physical framework of the TME in guiding cells toward EMT is poorly understood. To investigate this, breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were cultured on nanochips comprising tantalum oxide nanodots ranging in diameter from 10 to 200 nm, fabricated through electrochemical approach and collectively referred to as artificial microenvironments. The 100 and 200 nm nanochips induced the cells to adopt an elongated or spindle-shaped morphology. The key EMT genes, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin, displayed the spatial control exhibited by the artificial microenvironments. The E-cadherin gene expression was attenuated, whereas those of N-cadherin and vimentin were amplified by 100 and 200 nm nanochips, indicating the induction of EMT. Transcription factors, snail and twist, were identified for modulating the EMT genes in the cells on these artificial microenvironments. Localization of EMT proteins observed through immunostaining indicated the loss of cell-cell junctions on 100 and 200 nm nanochips, confirming the EMT induction. Thus, by utilizing an in vitro approach, we demonstrate how the physical framework of the TME may possibly trigger or assist in inducing EMT in vivo. Applications in the fields of drug discovery, biomedical engineering, and cancer research are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yi Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd , Taipei , Taiwan 10608 , ROC
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd , Taipei , Taiwan 10608 , ROC
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Dhawan U, Pan HA, Shie MJ, Chu YH, Huang GS, Chen PC, Chen WL. The Spatiotemporal Control of Osteoblast Cell Growth, Behavior, and Function Dictated by Nanostructured Stainless Steel Artificial Microenvironments. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:86. [PMID: 28168610 PMCID: PMC5293702 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The successful application of a nanostructured biomaterial as an implant is strongly determined by the nanotopography size triggering the ideal cell response. Here, nanoporous topography on 304L stainless steel substrates was engineered to identify the nanotopography size causing a transition in the cellular characteristics, and accordingly, the design of nanostructured stainless steel surface as orthopedic implants is proposed. A variety of nanopore diameters ranging from 100 to 220 nm were fabricated by one-step electrolysis process and collectively referred to as artificial microenvironments. Control over the nanopore diameter was achieved by varying bias voltage. MG63 osteoblasts were cultured on the nanoporous surfaces for different days. Immunofluorescence (IF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to compare the modulation in cell morphologies and characteristics. Osteoblasts displayed differential growth parameters and distinct transition in cell behavior after nanopore reached a certain diameter. Nanopores with 100-nm diameter promoted cell growth, focal adhesions, cell area, viability, vinculin-stained area, calcium mineralization, and alkaline phosphatase activity. The ability of these nanoporous substrates to differentially modulate the cell behavior and assist in identifying the transition step will be beneficial to biomedical engineers to develop superior implant geometries, triggering an ideal cell response at the cell-nanotopography interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udesh Dhawan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsu-An Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Je Shie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying Hao Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guewha S. Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Section 3, Zhongxiao E Road, Taipei City, 106 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen Liang Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, ROC
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Zhang B, Chen F, Xu Q, Han L, Xu J, Gao L, Sun X, Li Y, Li Y, Qian M, Sun Y. Revisiting ovarian cancer microenvironment: a friend or a foe? Protein Cell 2017; 9:674-692. [PMID: 28929459 PMCID: PMC6053350 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of ovarian cancer involves the co-evolution of neoplastic cells together with the adjacent microenvironment. Steps of malignant progression including primary tumor outgrowth, therapeutic resistance, and distant metastasis are not determined solely by genetic alterations in ovarian cancer cells, but considerably shaped by the fitness advantage conferred by benign components in the ovarian stroma. As the dynamic cancer topography varies drastically during disease progression, heterologous cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can actively determine the pathological track of ovarian cancer. Resembling many other solid tumor types, ovarian malignancy is nurtured by a TME whose dark side may have been overlooked, rather than overestimated. Further, harnessing breakthrough and targeting cures in human ovarian cancer requires insightful understanding of the merits and drawbacks of current treatment modalities, which mainly target transformed cells. Thus, designing novel and precise strategies that both eliminate cancer cells and manipulate the TME is increasingly recognized as a rational avenue to improve therapeutic outcome and prevent disease deterioration of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qixia Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liu Han
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiaqian Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Libin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Min Qian
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Dhawan U, Pan HA, Chu YH, Huang GS, Chen PC, Chen WL. Temporal Control of Osteoblast Cell Growth and Behavior Dictated by Nanotopography and Shear Stress. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2016; 15:704-712. [PMID: 28029616 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2016.2605686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial design involves assessment of cellular response to nanotopography parameters such as shape, dimension of nanotopography features. Here, the effect of nanotopography alongside the in vivo factor, shear stress, on osteoblast cell behavior, is reported. Tantalum oxide nanodots of 50 or 100 nm diameter were engineered using anodized aluminum oxide as a template. Bare tantalum nitride coated silicon substrates were taken as control (flat). MG63 (osteoblast) cells were seeded for 72 hours on flat, 50 or 100 nm nanodots and modulation in cell morphology, cell viability and expression of integrins was studied. Cells displayed a well-extended morphology on 50 nm nanodots in contrast to an elongated morphology on 100 nm nanodots, as observed by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining, thereby confirming the cellular response to different nanotopographies. Based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data, a greater fold change in the expression of α1 , α2 , α3 , α8 , α9 , [Formula: see text], β1 , β4 , β5 , β7 and β8 integrins was observed in cells cultured on 100 nm than on 50 nm nanodots. Moreover, in the presence of a shear stress of 2 dyne/cm2, a 52% increase in the cell viability after culturing the cells for 72 hours was observed on 100 nm nanodots as compared to 50 nm nanodots, thereby validating the effect of shear stress on cell behavior. Duration-of-culture experiments revealed 100 nm nanodots to be an ideal nanotopography choice to engineer optimized implant geometries for an ideal cell response. This study highlights the in vivo factors which need to be considered while designing nanotopographies for in vivo applications, for an ideal response as the cell-nanomaterial interface. Applications in the field of Biomedical, tissue engineering and cancer research are expected.
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