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Li M, Popovic N, Wang Y, Chen C, Polychronakos C. Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in monogenic diabetes; a challenge but also an opportunity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:673-684. [PMID: 37165203 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic Forms of Diabetes (MFD) account for about 3% of all diabetes, and their accurate diagnosis often results in life-changing therapeutic reassignment for the patients. Like other Mendelian diseases, reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are often seen in several different types of MFD, where symptoms develop only in a portion of the persons who carry the pathogenic variant or vary widely in symptom severity and age of onset. This complicates diagnosis and disease management in MFD. In addition to its clinical importance, knowledge of genetic modifiers that confer penetrance and expressivity variability opens possibilities to identify protective genetic variants which may help probe the mechanisms of more common forms of diabetes and shed light in new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will mainly address penetrance and expressivity variation in different types of MFD, factors that confer such variations and opportunities that come with such knowledge. Related literature was searched in PubMed, Medline and Embase. Papers with publication year from 1974 to 2023 are included. Data are either sourced from literatures or from OMIM, Clinvar and 1000 genome browser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihang Li
- College of pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Emergency, Department of Endorinology, Maoming People's Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China.
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China.
| | - Natalija Popovic
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Department of Endorinology, Maoming People's Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, Guangdong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China
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2
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VerHague M, Albright J, Barron K, Kim M, Bennett BJ. Obesogenic and diabetic effects of CD44 in mice are sexually dimorphic and dependent on genetic background. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 35410390 PMCID: PMC8996418 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CD44 is a candidate gene for obesity and diabetes development and may be a critical mediator of a systemic inflammation associated with obesity and diabetes. Methods We investigated the relationship of CD44 with obesity in CD44-deficient mice challenged with a high-fat diet. Results In mice fed a diet high in fat, cholesterol, and sucrose for 12 weeks fat mass accumulation was reduced in CD44-deficient mice bred onto both a C57BL/6J and the naturally TLR deficient C3H/HeJ background. Reduced fat mass could not be attributed to lower food intake or an increase in energy expenditure as measured by indirect calorimetry. However, we observed a 40–60% lower mRNA expression of the inflammation markers, F4/80, CD11b, TNF-α, and CD14, in adipose tissue of CD44-deficient mice on the C57BL/6J background but not the C3H/HeJ background, perhaps indicating that alternative factors may be affecting adiposity in this model. Measures of hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity were improved in CD44-deficient mice on a C57BL/6J but not in the C3H/HeJ mice. These results were highly sexually dimorphic as there were no detectable effects of CD44 inactivation in female mice on a C57BL/6 J or C3H/HeJ background. Conclusion CD44 was associated with adiposity, liver fat, and glucose in male mice. However, the effects of CD44 on obesity may be independent of TLR4 signaling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-022-00426-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa VerHague
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina Kannapolis, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Jody Albright
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina Kannapolis, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Keri Barron
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina Kannapolis, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 W Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
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3
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Miyachi Y, Miyazawa T, Ogawa Y. HNF1A Mutations and Beta Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063222. [PMID: 35328643 PMCID: PMC8948720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic factors of diabetes is essential for addressing the global increase in type 2 diabetes. HNF1A mutations cause a monogenic form of diabetes called maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and HNF1A single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies have been conducted, mainly using genetically modified mice, to explore the molecular basis for the development of diabetes caused by HNF1A mutations, and to reveal the roles of HNF1A in multiple organs, including insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, lipid metabolism and protein synthesis in the liver, and urinary glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. Recent studies using human stem cells that mimic MODY have provided new insights into beta cell dysfunction. In this article, we discuss the involvement of HNF1A in beta cell dysfunction by reviewing previous studies using genetically modified mice and recent findings in human stem cell-derived beta cells.
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Cordido A, Vizoso-Gonzalez M, Nuñez-Gonzalez L, Molares-Vila A, Chantada-Vazquez MDP, Bravo SB, Garcia-Gonzalez MA. Quantitative Proteomic Study Unmasks Fibrinogen Pathway in Polycystic Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:290. [PMID: 35203500 PMCID: PMC8869147 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is a heterogeneous group of congenital disorders characterized by bile duct dilatation and cyst development derived from cholangiocytes. Nevertheless, the cystogenesis mechanism is currently unknown and the PLD treatment is limited to liver transplantation. Novel and efficient therapeutic approaches are th6us needed. In this context, the present work has a principal aim to find novel molecular pathways, as well as new therapeutic targets, involved in the hepatic cystogenesis process. (2) Methods: Quantitative proteomics based on SWATH-MS technology were performed comparing hepatic proteomes of Wild Type and mutant/polycystic livers in a polycystic kidney disease (PKD) murine model (Pkd1cond/cond;Tam-Cre-/+). (3) Results: We identified several proteins altered in abundance, with two-fold cut-off up-regulation or down-regulation and an adjusted p-value significantly related to hepatic cystogenesis. Then, we performed enrichment and a protein-protein analysis identifying a cluster focused on hepatic fibrinogens. Finally, we validated a selection of targets by RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, finding a high correlation with quantitative proteomics data and validating the fibrinogen complex. (4) Conclusions: This work identified a novel molecular pathway in cystic liver disease, highlighting the fibrinogen complex as a possible new therapeutic target for PLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Cordido
- Group of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Renal Diseases, Nephrology Laboratory (N°11), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (L.N.-G.)
- Genomic Medicine Group, Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Vizoso-Gonzalez
- Group of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Renal Diseases, Nephrology Laboratory (N°11), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (L.N.-G.)
- Genomic Medicine Group, Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Nuñez-Gonzalez
- Group of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Renal Diseases, Nephrology Laboratory (N°11), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (L.N.-G.)
- Genomic Medicine Group, Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Molares-Vila
- Biostatistics Platform, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Maria del Pilar Chantada-Vazquez
- Proteomic Platform, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Susana B. Bravo
- Proteomic Platform, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Gonzalez
- Group of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Renal Diseases, Nephrology Laboratory (N°11), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.V.-G.); (L.N.-G.)
- Genomic Medicine Group, Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital Complex (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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5
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George MN, Leavens KF, Gadue P. Genome Editing Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model β-Cell Disease and Unmask Novel Genetic Modifiers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:682625. [PMID: 34149620 PMCID: PMC8206553 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.682625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of complex diseases such as diabetes mellitus remain elusive due in large part to the activity of genetic disease modifiers that impact the penetrance and/or presentation of disease phenotypes. In the face of such complexity, rare forms of diabetes that result from single-gene mutations (monogenic diabetes) can be used to model the contribution of individual genetic factors to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and the breakdown of glucose homeostasis. Here we review the contribution of protein coding and non-protein coding genetic disease modifiers to the pathogenesis of diabetes subtypes, as well as how recent technological advances in the generation, differentiation, and genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) enable the development of cell-based disease models. Finally, we describe a disease modifier discovery platform that utilizes these technologies to identify novel genetic modifiers using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from patients with monogenic diabetes caused by heterozygous mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. George
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Karla F. Leavens
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Rafique I, Saqib MAN, Fawwad A, Zubaida B, Naeem M, Mir A, Basit A. Genetic characterization of suspected MODY patients in Pakistan by next generation sequencing—a pilot study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-00926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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7
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Heller S, Melzer MK, Azoitei N, Julier C, Kleger A. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Go Diabetic: A Glimpse on Monogenic Variants. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:648284. [PMID: 34079523 PMCID: PMC8166226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.648284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, as one of the major diseases in industrial countries, affects over 350 million people worldwide. Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are the most common forms with both types having invariable genetic influence. It is accepted that a subset of all diabetes patients, generally estimated to account for 1-2% of all diabetic cases, is attributed to mutations in single genes. As only a subset of these genes has been identified and fully characterized, there is a dramatic need to understand the pathophysiological impact of genetic determinants on β-cell function and pancreatic development but also on cell replacement therapies. Pluripotent stem cells differentiated along the pancreatic lineage provide a valuable research platform to study such genes. This review summarizes current perspectives in applying this platform to study monogenic diabetes variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Heller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sandra Heller, ; Cécile Julier, ; Alexander Kleger,
| | - Michael Karl Melzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cécile Julier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Sandra Heller, ; Cécile Julier, ; Alexander Kleger,
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sandra Heller, ; Cécile Julier, ; Alexander Kleger,
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8
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Sato Y, Rahman MM, Haneda M, Tsuyama T, Mizumoto T, Yoshizawa T, Kitamura T, Gonzalez FJ, Yamamura KI, Yamagata K. HNF1α controls glucagon secretion in pancreatic α-cells through modulation of SGLT1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Defective functions of HNF1A variants on BCL2L1 transactivation and beta-cell growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:826-833. [PMID: 32684311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) is caused by mutations in a gene encoding transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha (HNF1A). Although the roles of HNF1A in regulation of hepatic and pancreatic genes to maintain glucose homeostasis were investigated, the functions of HNF1A are not completely elucidated. To better understand the functions of HNF1A, we characterized mutations of HNF1A in Thai MODY3 patients and studied the functions of wild-type HNF1A and variant proteins. We demonstrate for the first time that HNF1A upregulates transactivation of an anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 Like 1 (BCL2L1) and that all the identified HNF1A variants including p.D80V, p.R203C, p.P475L, and p.G554fsX556, reduce this ability. The four HNF1A variants impair HNF1A function in promoting INS-1 cell transition from G1 to S phase of cell cycle, which thereby retard cell growth. This finding indicates the role of HNF1A in beta-cell viability by upregulation of anti-apoptotic gene expression and also reaffirms its role in beta-cell growth through cell cycle control.
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10
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Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of mechanisms that underlie the development and function of human cells requires human cell models. For the pancreatic lineage, protocols have been developed to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells through intermediates resembling in vivo development. In recent years, this differentiation system has been employed to decipher mechanisms of pancreatic development, congenital defects of the pancreas, as well as genetic forms of diabetes and exocrine diseases. In this review, we summarize recent insights gained from studies of pancreatic hPSC models. We discuss how genome-scale analyses of the differentiation system have helped elucidate roles of chromatin state, transcription factors, and noncoding RNAs in pancreatic development and how the analysis of cells with disease-relevant mutations has provided insight into the molecular underpinnings of genetically determined diseases of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Gaertner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Andrea C Carrano
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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11
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Cardenas-Diaz FL, Osorio-Quintero C, Diaz-Miranda MA, Kishore S, Leavens K, Jobaliya C, Stanescu D, Ortiz-Gonzalez X, Yoon C, Chen CS, Haliyur R, Brissova M, Powers AC, French DL, Gadue P. Modeling Monogenic Diabetes using Human ESCs Reveals Developmental and Metabolic Deficiencies Caused by Mutations in HNF1A. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:273-289.e5. [PMID: 31374199 PMCID: PMC6785828 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human monogenic diabetes, caused by mutations in genes involved in beta cell development and function, has been a challenge to study because multiple mouse models have not fully recapitulated the human disease. Here, we use genome edited human embryonic stem cells to understand the most common form of monogenic diabetes, MODY3, caused by mutations in the transcription factor HNF1A. We found that HNF1A is necessary to repress an alpha cell gene expression signature, maintain endocrine cell function, and regulate cellular metabolism. In addition, we identified the human-specific long non-coding RNA, LINKA, as an HNF1A target necessary for normal mitochondrial respiration. These findings provide a possible explanation for the species difference in disease phenotypes observed with HNF1A mutations and offer mechanistic insights into how the HNF1A gene may also influence type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian L Cardenas-Diaz
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Osorio-Quintero
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria A Diaz-Miranda
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Siddharth Kishore
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karla Leavens
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chintan Jobaliya
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diana Stanescu
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xilma Ortiz-Gonzalez
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Tan J, Xu J, Wei G, Zhang L, Sun L, Wang G, Li F, Jiang F. HNF1 α Controls Liver Lipid Metabolism and Insulin Resistance via Negatively Regulating the SOCS-3-STAT3 Signaling Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5483946. [PMID: 31223625 PMCID: PMC6541945 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5483946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the effects, functions, and mechanism of HNF1α on hepatic glycolipid metabolism. In this study, free fatty acid- (FFA-) induced steatosis of hepatocyte liver cell LO2 was used as an in vitro model. The methods of Oil Red O staining, RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect LO2-regulated HNF1α expression and its effects on FFA-induced LO2 cell steatosis, the insulin signaling and SOCS-3-STAT3 signaling pathways, the expression of lipid metabolism-related regulators, and phosphorylation. With increased FFA induction time, the expression of HNF1α in the LO2 fatty degeneration hepatic cells gradually decreased. Downregulation of HNF1α expression aggravated FFA-induced steatosis of LO2 hepatocytes. HNF1α promotes activation of the insulin pathway and oxidative breakdown of fat and inhibits lipid anabolism. Inhibitors of STAT3 can reverse the regulation of decreased HNF1α expression on the insulin signaling pathway and fat metabolism. We also confirmed this pathway using HNF1α-/- mice combining treatment with STAT3 inhibitor NSC 74859 in vivo. HNF1α regulates hepatic lipid metabolism by promoting the expression of SOCS-3 and negatively regulating the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaorong Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Shanghai Putuo, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Guohua Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Shanghai Putuo, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Shanghai Putuo, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China
| | - Long'e Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Shanghai Putuo, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Shanghai Putuo, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Shanghai Putuo, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China
| | - Fengxiang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Shanghai Putuo, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China
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13
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Kammenga JE. The background puzzle: how identical mutations in the same gene lead to different disease symptoms. FEBS J 2017; 284:3362-3373. [PMID: 28390082 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Identical disease-causing mutations can lead to different symptoms in different people. The reason for this has been a puzzling problem for geneticists. Differential penetrance and expressivity of mutations has been observed within individuals with different and similar genetic backgrounds. Attempts have been made to uncover the underlying mechanisms that determine differential phenotypic effects of identical mutations through studies of model organisms. From these studies evidence is accumulating that to understand disease mechanism or predict disease prevalence, an understanding of the influence of genetic background is as important as the putative disease-causing mutations of relatively large effect. This review highlights current insights into phenotypic variation due to gene interactions, epigenetics and stochasticity in model organisms, and discusses their importance for understanding the mutational effect on disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Kammenga
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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14
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Attie AD, Churchill GA, Nadeau JH. How mice are indispensable for understanding obesity and diabetes genetics. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2017; 24:83-91. [PMID: 28107248 PMCID: PMC5837807 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The task of cataloging human genetic variation and its relation to disease is rapidly approaching completion. The new challenge is to discover the function of disease-associated genes and to understand the pathways that lead to human disease. We propose that achieving this new level of understanding will increasingly rely on the use of model organisms. We discuss the advantages of the mouse as a model organism to our understanding of human disease. RECENT FINDINGS The collection of available mouse strains represents as much genetic and phenotypic variation as is found in the human population. However, unlike humans, mice can be subjected to experimental breeding protocols and the availability of tissues allows for a far greater and deeper level of phenotyping. New methods for gene editing make it relatively easy to create mouse models of known human mutations. The distinction between genetic and epigenetic inheritance can be studied in great detail. Various experimental protocols enable the exploration of the role of the microbiome in physiology and disease. SUMMARY We propose that there will be an interdependence between human and model organism research. Technological advances and new genetic screening platforms in the mouse have greatly improved the path to gene discovery and mechanistic studies of gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Attie
- aDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin bThe Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine cPacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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