1
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Heid LF, Agerschou ED, Orr AA, Kupreichyk T, Schneider W, Wördehoff MM, Schwarten M, Willbold D, Tamamis P, Stoldt M, Hoyer W. Sequence-based identification of amyloidogenic β-hairpins reveals a prostatic acid phosphatase fragment promoting semen amyloid formation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:417-430. [PMID: 38223341 PMCID: PMC10787225 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
β-Structure-rich amyloid fibrils are hallmarks of several diseases, including Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). While amyloid fibrils typically consist of parallel β-sheets, the anti-parallel β-hairpin is a structural motif accessible to amyloidogenic proteins in their monomeric and oligomeric states. Here, to investigate implications of β-hairpins in amyloid formation, potential β-hairpin-forming amyloidogenic segments in the human proteome were predicted based on sequence similarity with β-hairpins previously observed in Aβ, α-synuclein, and islet amyloid polypeptide, amyloidogenic proteins associated with AD, PD, and T2D, respectively. These three β-hairpins, established upon binding to the engineered binding protein β-wrapin AS10, are characterized by proximity of two sequence segments rich in hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids, with high β-aggregation scores according to the TANGO algorithm. Using these criteria, 2505 potential β-hairpin-forming amyloidogenic segments in 2098 human proteins were identified. Characterization of a test set of eight protein segments showed that seven assembled into Thioflavin T-positive aggregates and four formed β-hairpins in complex with AS10 according to NMR. One of those is a segment of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) comprising amino acids 185-208. PAP is naturally cleaved into fragments, including PAP(248-286) which forms functional amyloid in semen. We find that PAP(185-208) strongly decreases the protein concentrations required for fibril formation of PAP(248-286) and of another semen amyloid peptide, SEM1(86-107), indicating that it promotes nucleation of semen amyloids. In conclusion, β-hairpin-forming amyloidogenic protein segments could be identified in the human proteome with potential roles in functional or disease-related amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia F. Heid
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emil Dandanell Agerschou
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Asuka A. Orr
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, United States
| | - Tatsiana Kupreichyk
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Walfried Schneider
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael M. Wördehoff
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwarten
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Phanourios Tamamis
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3033, United States
| | - Matthias Stoldt
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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2
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Dai Z, Ben-Younis A, Vlachaki A, Raleigh D, Thalassinos K. Understanding the structural dynamics of human islet amyloid polypeptide: Advancements in and applications of ion-mobility mass spectrometry. Biophys Chem 2024; 312:107285. [PMID: 38941872 PMCID: PMC11260546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) forms amyloid deposits that contribute to β-cell death in pancreatic islets and are considered a hallmark of Type II diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Evidence suggests that the early oligomers of hIAPP formed during the aggregation process are the primary pathological agent in islet amyloid induced β-cell death. The self-assembly mechanism of hIAPP, however, remains elusive, largely due to limitations in conventional biophysical techniques for probing the distribution or capturing detailed structures of the early, structurally dynamic oligomers. The advent of Ion-mobility Mass Spectrometry (IM-MS) has enabled the characterisation of hIAPP early oligomers in the gas phase, paving the way towards a deeper understanding of the oligomerisation mechanism and the correlation of structural information with the cytotoxicity of the oligomers. The sensitivity and the rapid structural characterisation provided by IM-MS also show promise in screening hIAPP inhibitors, categorising their modes of inhibition through "spectral fingerprints". This review delves into the application of IM-MS to the dissection of the complex steps of hIAPP oligomerisation, examining the inhibitory influence of metal ions, and exploring the characterisation of hetero-oligomerisation with different hIAPP variants. We highlight the potential of IM-MS as a tool for the high-throughput screening of hIAPP inhibitors, and for providing insights into their modes of action. Finally, we discuss advances afforded by recent advancements in tandem IM-MS and the combination of gas phase spectroscopy with IM-MS, which promise to deliver a more sensitive and higher-resolution structural portrait of hIAPP oligomers. Such information may help facilitate a new era of targeted therapeutic strategies for islet amyloidosis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Dai
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Bioscience, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Aisha Ben-Younis
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Bioscience, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Vlachaki
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Daniel Raleigh
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Bioscience, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Bioscience, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
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3
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Guillemain G, Lacapere JJ, Khemtemourian L. Targeting hIAPP fibrillation: A new paradigm to prevent β-cell death? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184002. [PMID: 35868406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Loss of pancreatic β-cell mass is deleterious for type 2 diabetes patients since it reduces insulin production, critical for glucose homeostasis. The main research axis developed over the last few years was to generate new pancreatic β-cells or to transplant pancreatic islets as occurring for some specific type 1 diabetes patients. We evaluate here a new paradigm consisting in preservation of β-cells by prevention of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) oligomers and fibrils formation leading to pancreatic β-cell death. We review the hIAPP physiology and the pathology that contributes to β-cell destruction, deciphering the various cellular steps that could be involved. Recent progress in understanding other amyloidosis such as Aβ, Tau, α-synuclein or prion, involved in neurodegenerative processes linked with inflammation, has opened new research lines of investigations to preserve neuronal cells. We evaluate and estimate their transposition to the pancreatic β-cells preservation. Among them is the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production occurring with inflammation and the possible implication of the mitochondrial translocator protein as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. The present review also focuses on other amyloid forming proteins from molecular to physiological and physiopathological points of view that could help to better decipher hIAPP-induced β-cell death mechanisms and to prevent hIAPP fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Guillemain
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Inserm UMR_S938, Institute of Cardio metabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Centre de recherche de St-Antoine (CRSA), 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Lacapere
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Lucie Khemtemourian
- CBMN, CNRS UMR 5248, IPB, Univ. Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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4
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Linking hIAPP misfolding and aggregation with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a structural perspective. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231205. [PMID: 35475576 PMCID: PMC9118370 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are over 40 identified human disorders that involve certain proteins folding incorrectly, accumulating in the body causing damage to cells and organs and causing disease. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of these protein misfolding disorders (PMDs) and involves human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) misfolding and accumulating in parts of the body, primarily in the pancreas, causing damage to islet cells and affecting glucose regulation. In this review, we have summarised our current understanding of what causes hIAPP to misfold, what conformations are found in different parts of the body with a particular focus on what is known about the structure of hIAPP and how this links to T2DM. Understanding the molecular basis behind these misfolding events is essential for understanding the role of hIAPP to develop better therapeutics since type 2 diabetes currently affects over 4.9 million people in the United Kingdom alone and is predicted to increase as our population ages.
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5
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Roham PH, Save SN, Sharma S. Human islet amyloid polypeptide: A therapeutic target for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:556-569. [PMID: 36105173 PMCID: PMC9463490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other metabolic disorders are often silent and go unnoticed in patients because of the lack of suitable prognostic and diagnostic markers. The current therapeutic regimens available for managing T2DM do not reverse diabetes; instead, they delay the progression of diabetes. Their efficacy (in principle) may be significantly improved if implemented at earlier stages. The misfolding and aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) or amylin has been associated with a gradual decrease in pancreatic β-cell function and mass in patients with T2DM. Hence, hIAPP has been recognized as a therapeutic target for managing T2DM. This review summarizes hIAPP's role in mediating dysfunction and apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory cytokine secretion, autophagy blockade, etc. Furthermore, it explores the possibility of using intermediates of the hIAPP aggregation pathway as potential drug targets for T2DM management. Finally, the effects of common antidiabetic molecules and repurposed drugs; other hIAPP mimetics and peptides; small organic molecules and natural compounds; nanoparticles, nanobodies, and quantum dots; metals and metal complexes; and chaperones that have demonstrated potential to inhibit and/or reverse hIAPP aggregation and can, therefore, be further developed for managing T2DM have been discussed. Misfolded species of hIAPP form toxic oligomers in pancreatic β-cells. hIAPP amyloids has been detected in the pancreas of about 90% subjects with T2DM. Inhibitors of hIAPP aggregation can help manage T2DM.
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6
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Orr AA, Kuhlmann SK, Tamamis P. Computational design of a β-wrapin's N-terminal domain with canonical and non-canonical amino acid modifications mimicking curcumin's proposed inhibitory function. Biophys Chem 2022; 286:106805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Lesma J, Bizet F, Berardet C, Tonali N, Pellegrino S, Taverna M, Khemtemourian L, Soulier JL, van Heijenoort C, Halgand F, Ha-Duong T, Kaffy J, Ongeri S. β-Hairpin Peptide Mimics Decrease Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP) Aggregation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729001. [PMID: 34604227 PMCID: PMC8481668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid diseases are degenerative pathologies, highly prevalent today because they are closely related to aging, that have in common the erroneous folding of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) which aggregate and lead to cell death. Type 2 Diabetes involves a peptide called human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), which undergoes a conformational change, triggering the aggregation process leading to amyloid aggregates and fibers rich in β-sheets mainly found in the pancreas of all diabetic patients. Inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid proteins has emerged as a relevant therapeutic approach and we have recently developed the design of acyclic flexible hairpins based on peptidic recognition sequences of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ1–42) as a successful strategy to inhibit its aggregation involved in Alzheimer’s disease. The present work reports the extension of our strategy to hIAPP aggregation inhibitors. The design, synthesis, conformational analyses, and biophysical evaluations of dynamic β-hairpin like structures built on a piperidine-pyrrolidine β-turn inducer are described. By linking to this β-turn inducer three different arms (i) pentapeptide, (ii) tripeptide, and (iii) α/aza/aza/pseudotripeptide, we demonstrate that the careful selection of the peptide-based arms from the sequence of hIAPP allowed to selectively modulate its aggregation, while the peptide character can be decreased. Biophysical assays combining, Thioflavin-T fluorescence, transmission electronic microscopy, capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry showed that the designed compounds inhibit both the oligomerization and the fibrillization of hIAPP. They are also capable to decrease the aggregation process in the presence of membrane models and to strongly delay the membrane-leakage induced by hIAPP. More generally, this work provides the proof of concept that our rational design is a versatile and relevant strategy for developing efficient and selective inhibitors of aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Lesma
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Faustine Bizet
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Corentin Berardet
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Institute Galien Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nicolo Tonali
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini," Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Myriam Taverna
- Institute Galien Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Lucie Khemtemourian
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects, Institut Polytechnique Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Carine van Heijenoort
- ICSN, Equipe Biologie et Chimie Structurales, Département de Chimie et Biologie Structurales et Analytiques, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Halgand
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Equipe Chimie Analytique Physicochimie Réactivité des Ions, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Tâp Ha-Duong
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julia Kaffy
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sandrine Ongeri
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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8
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Samdin TD, Kreutzer AG, Nowick JS. Exploring amyloid oligomers with peptide model systems. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 64:106-115. [PMID: 34229162 PMCID: PMC9042423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins, such as the β-amyloid peptide, α-synuclein, huntingtin, tau, and islet amyloid polypeptide, into amyloid fibrils and oligomers is directly linked to amyloid diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, frontotemporal dementias, and type II diabetes. Although amyloid oligomers have emerged as especially important in amyloid diseases, high-resolution structures of the oligomers formed by full-length amyloidogenic peptides and proteins have remained elusive. Investigations of oligomers assembled from fragments or stabilized β-hairpin segments of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins have allowed investigators to illuminate some of the structural, biophysical, and biological properties of amyloid oligomers. Here, we summarize recent advances in the application of these peptide model systems to investigate and understand the structures, biological properties, and biophysical properties of amyloid oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan D Samdin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
| | - Adam G Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States
| | - James S Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, United States.
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9
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Sepehri A, Nepal B, Lazaridis T. Distinct Modes of Action of IAPP Oligomers on Membranes. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:4645-4655. [PMID: 34499498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, also known as amylin) is a peptide hormone that is co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β-cells and forms amyloid aggregates in type II diabetes. Various lines of evidence indicate that oligomers of this peptide may induce toxicity by disrupting or forming pores in cell membranes, but the structure of these pores is unknown. Here, we create models of pores for both helical and β-structured peptides using implicit membrane modeling and test their stability using multimicrosecond all-atom simulations. We find that the helical peptides behave similarly to antimicrobial peptides; they remain stably inserted in a highly tilted or partially unfolded configuration creating a narrow water channel. Parallel helix orientation creates a somewhat larger pore. An octameric β barrel of parallel β-hairpins is highly stable in the membrane, whereas the corresponding barrel made of antiparallel hairpins is not. We propose that certain experiments probe the helical pore state while others probe the β-structured pore state; this provides a possible explanation for lack of correlation that is sometimes observed between in vivo toxicity and in vitro liposome permeabilization experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Sepehri
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Binod Nepal
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Themis Lazaridis
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Graduate Programs in Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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10
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Ferguson MQ, DeRosa MC. Optimized experimental pre-treatment strategy for temporary inhibition of islet amyloid polypeptide aggregation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100964. [PMID: 33912690 PMCID: PMC8063701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a neuroendocrine hormone from pancreatic β-cells. Misfolded, aggregated IAPP is believed to be toxic to islet cells and amyloid deposits in the pancreas are pathological hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Rapid fibrillization of this peptide makes it difficult to study in its soluble form, impeding a better understanding of its role. In this study, a variety of popular pretreatment methods were tested for their ability to delay aggregation of IAPP, including solutions of hexafluoroisopropanol, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, phosphate buffered saline, ammonium hydroxide, as well as tris buffer at different pH and containing either calcium (II), zinc (II), or iron (II). Aggregation was assessed using the thioflavin T fluorescence assay as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Tris buffer at pH 8.1 containing Zn(II) was found to have the best balance of temporary inhibition of aggregation and biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Q Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Maria C DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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11
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Agerschou ED, Schützmann MP, Reppert N, Wördehoff MM, Shaykhalishahi H, Buell AK, Hoyer W. β-Turn exchanges in the α-synuclein segment 44-TKEG-47 reveal high sequence fidelity requirements of amyloid fibril elongation. Biophys Chem 2021; 269:106519. [PMID: 33333378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The folding of turns and β-hairpins has been implicated in amyloid formation, with diverse potential consequences such as promotion or inhibition of fibril nucleation, fibril elongation, or off-pathway oligomer formation. In the Parkinson's disease-associated protein α-synuclein (αS), a β-hairpin comprised of residues 36-56 was detected in complex with an engineered binding protein, with a turn formed by the αS sequence segment 44-TKEG-47. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed extensive populations of transient β-hairpin conformations in this region in free, monomeric αS. Here, we investigated potential effects of turn formation on αS fibril formation by studying the aggregation kinetics of an extensive set of αS variants with between two and four amino acid exchanges in the 44-TKEG-47 segment. The exchanges were chosen to specifically promote formation of β1-, β1'-, or β2'-turns. All variants assembled into amyloid fibrils, with increased β1'- or β2'-turn propensity associated with faster aggregation and increased β1-turn propensity with slower aggregation compared to wild-type (WT) αS. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that β-turn exchanges altered fibril morphology. In cross-elongation experiments, the turn variants showed a low ability to elongate WT fibril seeds, and, vice versa, WT monomer did not efficiently elongate turn variant fibril seeds. This demonstrates that sequence identity in the turn region is crucial for efficient αS fibril elongation. Elongation experiments of WT fibril seeds in the presence of both WT and turn variant monomers suggest that the turn variants can bind and block WT fibril ends to different degrees, but cannot efficiently convert into the WT fibril structure. Our results indicate that modifications in the 44-TKEG-47 segment strongly affect amyloid assembly by driving αS into alternative fibril morphologies, whose elongation requires high sequence fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Dandanell Agerschou
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marie P Schützmann
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas Reppert
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael M Wördehoff
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hamed Shaykhalishahi
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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12
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Saini RK, Goyal D, Goyal B. Targeting Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation and Toxicity in Type 2 Diabetes: An Overview of Peptide-Based Inhibitors. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2719-2738. [PMID: 33124419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and a progressive loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass, which leads to insufficient secretion of insulin and hyperglycemia. Emerging evidence suggests that toxic oligomers and fibrils of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) contribute to the death of β-cells and lead to T2D pathogenesis. These observations have opened new avenues for the development of islet amyloid therapies for the treatment of T2D. The peptide-based inhibitors are of great value as therapeutic agents against hIAPP aggregation in T2D owing to their biocompatibility, feasibility of synthesis and modification, high specificity, low toxicity, proteolytic stability (modified peptides), and weak immunogenicity as well as the large size of involved interfaces during self-aggregation of hIAPP. An understanding of what has been done and achieved will provide key insights into T2D pathology and assist in the discovery of more potent drug candidates for the treatment of T2D. In this article, we review various peptide-based inhibitors of hIAPP aggregation, including those derived from the hIAPP sequence and those not based on the sequence, consisting of both natural as well as unnatural amino acids and their derivatives. The present review will be beneficial in advancing the field of peptide medicine for the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneet Kaur Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab India
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab India
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Skaanning LK, Santoro A, Skamris T, Martinsen JH, D’Ursi AM, Bucciarelli S, Vestergaard B, Bugge K, Langkilde AE, Kragelund BB. The Non-Fibrillating N-Terminal of α-Synuclein Binds and Co-Fibrillates with Heparin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1192. [PMID: 32824376 PMCID: PMC7464290 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein (aSN) is, in its fibrillated state, the main component of Lewy bodies-hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. Additional Lewy body components include glycosaminoglycans, including heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In humans, heparan sulfate has, in an age-dependent manner, shown increased levels of sulfation. Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is a relevant mimic for mature heparan sulfate and has been shown to influence aSN fibrillation. Here, we decompose the underlying properties of the interaction between heparin and aSN and the effect of heparin on fibrillation. Via the isolation of the first 61 residues of aSN, which lacked intrinsic fibrillation propensity, fibrillation could be induced by heparin, and access to the initial steps in fibrillation was possible. Here, structural changes with shifts from disorder via type I β-turns to β-sheets were revealed, correlating with an increase in the aSN1-61/heparin molar ratio. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that heparin and aSN1-61 co-exist in the final fibrils. We conclude that heparin can induce the fibrillation of aSN1-61, through binding to the N-terminal with an affinity that is higher in the truncated form of aSN. It does so by specifically modulating the structure of aSN via the formation of type I β-turn structures likely critical for triggering aSN fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line K. Skaanning
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.K.S.); (T.S.); (J.H.M.); (S.B.); (B.V.)
| | - Angelo Santoro
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (A.S.); (K.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Thomas Skamris
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.K.S.); (T.S.); (J.H.M.); (S.B.); (B.V.)
| | - Jacob Hertz Martinsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.K.S.); (T.S.); (J.H.M.); (S.B.); (B.V.)
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (A.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Anna Maria D’Ursi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Saskia Bucciarelli
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.K.S.); (T.S.); (J.H.M.); (S.B.); (B.V.)
| | - Bente Vestergaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.K.S.); (T.S.); (J.H.M.); (S.B.); (B.V.)
| | - Katrine Bugge
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (A.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Annette Eva Langkilde
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.K.S.); (T.S.); (J.H.M.); (S.B.); (B.V.)
| | - Birthe B. Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (A.S.); (K.B.)
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14
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Andrikopoulos N, Li Y, Cecchetto L, Nandakumar A, Da Ros T, Davis TP, Velonia K, Ke PC. Nanomaterial synthesis, an enabler of amyloidosis inhibition against human diseases. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14422-14440. [PMID: 32638780 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04273k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases are global epidemics with no cure currently available. In the past decade, the use of engineered nanomaterials as inhibitors or probes against the pathogenic aggregation of amyloid peptides and proteins has emerged as a new frontier in nanomedicine. In this Minireview, we summarize for the first time the pivotal role of chemical synthesis in enabling the development of this multidisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Andrikopoulos
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Luca Cecchetto
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aparna Nandakumar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia.
| | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Röder C, Kupreichyk T, Gremer L, Schäfer LU, Pothula KR, Ravelli RBG, Willbold D, Hoyer W, Schröder GF. Cryo-EM structure of islet amyloid polypeptide fibrils reveals similarities with amyloid-β fibrils. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:660-667. [PMID: 32541895 DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.11.944546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid deposits consisting of fibrillar islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in pancreatic islets are associated with beta-cell loss and have been implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we applied cryo-EM to reconstruct densities of three dominant IAPP fibril polymorphs, formed in vitro from synthetic human IAPP. An atomic model of the main polymorph, built from a density map of 4.2-Å resolution, reveals two S-shaped, intertwined protofilaments. The segment 21-NNFGAIL-27, essential for IAPP amyloidogenicity, forms the protofilament interface together with Tyr37 and the amidated C terminus. The S-fold resembles polymorphs of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils, which might account for the epidemiological link between T2D and AD and reports on IAPP-Aβ cross-seeding in vivo. The results structurally link the early-onset T2D IAPP genetic polymorphism (encoding Ser20Gly) with the AD Arctic mutation (Glu22Gly) of Aβ and support the design of inhibitors and imaging probes for IAPP fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Röder
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Kupreichyk
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luisa U Schäfer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karunakar R Pothula
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Raimond B G Ravelli
- The Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gunnar F Schröder
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Physics Department, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Cryo-EM structure of islet amyloid polypeptide fibrils reveals similarities with amyloid-β fibrils. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:660-667. [PMID: 32541895 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid deposits consisting of fibrillar islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in pancreatic islets are associated with beta-cell loss and have been implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we applied cryo-EM to reconstruct densities of three dominant IAPP fibril polymorphs, formed in vitro from synthetic human IAPP. An atomic model of the main polymorph, built from a density map of 4.2-Å resolution, reveals two S-shaped, intertwined protofilaments. The segment 21-NNFGAIL-27, essential for IAPP amyloidogenicity, forms the protofilament interface together with Tyr37 and the amidated C terminus. The S-fold resembles polymorphs of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils, which might account for the epidemiological link between T2D and AD and reports on IAPP-Aβ cross-seeding in vivo. The results structurally link the early-onset T2D IAPP genetic polymorphism (encoding Ser20Gly) with the AD Arctic mutation (Glu22Gly) of Aβ and support the design of inhibitors and imaging probes for IAPP fibrils.
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17
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Kumar AP, Lee S, Lukman S. Computational and Experimental Approaches to Design Inhibitors of Amylin Aggregation. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:1680-1694. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190719164316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Amylin is a neuroendocrine peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic ß-cells; however,
amylin is toxic to ß-cells when it is aggregated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is important to
understand amylin’s structures and aggregation mechanism for the discovery and design of effective
drugs to inhibit amylin aggregation. In this review, we investigated experimental and computational
studies on amylin structures and inhibitors. Our review provides some novel insights into amylin, particularly
for the design of its aggregation inhibitors to treat T2DM. We detailed the potential inhibitors
that have been studied hitherto and highlighted the neglected need to consider different amylin attributes
that depend on the presence/absence of physiologically relevant conditions, such as membranes.
These conditions and the experimental methods can greatly influence the results of studies on amylininhibitor
complexes. Text-mining over 3,000 amylin-related PubMed abstracts suggests the combined
therapeutic potential of amylin with leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1, which are two key hormones
in obesity. The results also suggest that targeting amylin aggregation can contribute to therapeutic efforts
for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, we have also reviewed the role of amylin in other conditions
including obesity and AD. Finally, we provided insights for designing inhibitors of different
types (small molecules, proteins, peptides/mimetics, metal ions) to inhibit amylin aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammu Prasanna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sungmun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, College of Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suryani Lukman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Laxio Arenas J, Kaffy J, Ongeri S. Peptides and peptidomimetics as inhibitors of protein–protein interactions involving β-sheet secondary structures. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 52:157-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Christensen M, Schiøtt B. Revealing a Dual Role of Ganglioside Lipids in the Aggregation of Membrane-Associated Islet Amyloid Polypeptide. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:343-356. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Ilitchev AI, Giammona MJ, Schwarze JN, Buratto SK, Bowers MT. Zinc-Induced Conformational Transitions in Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide and Their Role in the Inhibition of Amyloidosis. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:9852-9859. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre I. Ilitchev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Maxwell J. Giammona
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jurgen N. Schwarze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Steven K. Buratto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael T. Bowers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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21
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Datta D, Harikrishna A, Nagaraj R, Chaudhary N. Self-assembly of β-turn motif-connected tandem repeats of Aβ16-22
and its aromatic analogs. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debika Datta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
| | | | | | - Nitin Chaudhary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
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22
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Orr AA, Shaykhalishahi H, Mirecka EA, Jonnalagadda SVR, Hoyer W, Tamamis P. Elucidating the multi-targeted anti-amyloid activity and enhanced islet amyloid polypeptide binding of β-wrapins. Comput Chem Eng 2018; 116:322-332. [PMID: 30405276 PMCID: PMC6217933 DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-wrapins are engineered binding proteins stabilizing the β-hairpin conformations of amyloidogenic proteins islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), amyloid-β, and α-synuclein, thus inhibiting their amyloid propensity. Here, we use computational and experimental methods to investigate the molecular recognition of IAPP by β-wrapins. We show that the multi-targeted, IAPP, amyloid-β, and α-synuclein, binding properties of β-wrapins originate mainly from optimized interactions between β-wrapin residues and sets of residues in the three amyloidogenic proteins with similar physicochemical properties. Our results suggest that IAPP is a comparatively promiscuous β-wrapin target, probably due to the low number of charged residues in the IAPP β-hairpin motif. The sub-micromolar affinity of β-wrapin HI18, specifically selected against IAPP, is achieved in part by salt-bridge formation between HI18 residue Glu10 and the IAPP N-terminal residue Lys1, both located in the flexible N-termini of the interacting proteins. Our findings provide insights towards developing novel protein-based single- or multi-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka A. Orr
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Hamed Shaykhalishahi
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40204, Germany
| | - Ewa A. Mirecka
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40204, Germany
| | - Sai Vamshi R. Jonnalagadda
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40204, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Phanourios Tamamis
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
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β-barrel Oligomers as Common Intermediates of Peptides Self-Assembling into Cross-β Aggregates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10353. [PMID: 29985420 PMCID: PMC6037789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomers populated during the early amyloid aggregation process are more toxic than mature fibrils, but pinpointing the exact toxic species among highly dynamic and heterogeneous aggregation intermediates remains a major challenge. β-barrel oligomers, structurally-determined recently for a slow-aggregating peptide derived from αB crystallin, are attractive candidates for exerting amyloid toxicity due to their well-defined structures as therapeutic targets and compatibility to the "amyloid-pore" hypothesis of toxicity. To assess whether β-barrel oligomers are common intermediates to amyloid peptides - a necessary step toward associating β-barrel oligomers with general amyloid cytotoxicity, we computationally studied the oligomerization and fibrillization dynamics of seven well-studied fragments of amyloidogenic proteins with different experimentally-determined aggregation morphologies and cytotoxicity. In our molecular dynamics simulations, β-barrel oligomers were only observed in five peptides self-assembling into the characteristic cross-β aggregates, but not the other two that formed polymorphic β-rich aggregates as reported experimentally. Interestingly, the latter two peptides were previously found nontoxic. Hence, the observed correlation between β-barrel oligomers formation and cytotoxicity supports the hypothesis of β-barrel oligomers as the common toxic intermediates of amyloid aggregation.
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Kreutzer AG, Nowick JS. Elucidating the Structures of Amyloid Oligomers with Macrocyclic β-Hairpin Peptides: Insights into Alzheimer's Disease and Other Amyloid Diseases. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:706-718. [PMID: 29508987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the more than a century since its identification, Alzheimer's disease has become the archetype of amyloid diseases. The first glimpses of the chemical basis of Alzheimer's disease began with the identification of "amyloid" plaques in the brain in 1892 and extended to the identification of proteinaceous fibrils with "cross-β" structure in 1968. Further efforts led to the discovery of the β-amyloid peptide, Aβ, as a 40- or 42-amino acid peptide that is responsible for the plaques and fibrils. At this point, a three-decade-long marathon began to elucidate the structure of the fibrils and identify the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease. Along the way, an alternative model began to emerge in which small aggregates of Aβ, called "oligomers", rather than fibrils, are the culprits that lead to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. This Account describes what is known about the structures of the fibrils and details our research group's efforts to understand the structural, biophysical, and biological properties of the oligomers in amyloid diseases. β-Sheets are the building blocks of amyloid fibrils and oligomers. Amyloid fibrils generally consist of extended networks of parallel β-sheets. Amyloid oligomers appear to be more compact enclosed structures, some of which are thought to be composed of antiparallel β-sheets comprising β-hairpins. β-Hairpins are special because their twisted shape, hydrophobic surfaces, and exposed hydrogen-bonding edges impart a unique propensity to form compact assemblies. Our laboratory has developed macrocyclic β-sheets that are designed to mimic β-hairpins formed by amyloidogenic peptides and proteins. The β-hairpin mimics contain two β-strand peptide fragments linked together at their N- and C-termini by two δ-linked ornithine turn mimics to create a macrocycle. An N-methyl group is installed on one of the β-strands to prevent uncontrolled aggregation. These design features facilitate crystallization of the β-hairpin mimics and determination of the X-ray crystallographic structures of the oligomers that they form. During the past few years, our laboratory has elucidated the X-ray crystallographic structures of oligomers formed by β-hairpin mimics derived from Aβ, α-synuclein, and β2-microglobulin. Out of these three amyloidogenic peptides and proteins, the Aβ β-hairpin mimics have provided the most insight into amyloid oligomers. Our studies have revealed a previously undiscovered mode of self-assembly, whereby three Aβ β-hairpin mimics assemble to form a triangular trimer. The triangular trimers are remarkable, because they contain two largely hydrophobic surfaces that pack together with other triangular trimers to form higher-order oligomers, such as hexamers and dodecamers. Some of the dodecamers pack in the crystal lattice to form annular porelike assemblies. Some of the β-hairpin mimics and triangular trimers assemble in solution to form oligomers that recapitulate the crystallographically observed oligomers. These oligomers exhibit toxicity toward neuronally derived cells, recapitulating the toxicity of the oligomers formed by full-length amyloidogenic peptides and proteins. These findings are significant, because they address a gap in understanding the molecular basis of amyloid diseases. We anticipate that these studies will pave the way for developing diagnostics and therapeutics to combat Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G. Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - James S. Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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25
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Kreutzer AG, Spencer RK, McKnelly KJ, Yoo S, Hamza IL, Salveson PJ, Nowick JS. A Hexamer of a Peptide Derived from Aβ 16-36. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6061-6071. [PMID: 29028351 PMCID: PMC5689071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The absence of high-resolution structures of amyloid oligomers constitutes a major gap in our understanding of amyloid diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that oligomers of the β-amyloid peptide Aβ are especially important in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. In many Aβ oligomers, the Aβ monomer components are thought to adopt a β-hairpin conformation. This paper describes the design and study of a macrocyclic β-hairpin peptide derived from Aβ16-36. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography studies show that the Aβ16-36 β-hairpin peptide assembles in solution to form hexamers, trimers, and dimers. X-ray crystallography reveals that the peptide assembles to form a hexamer in the crystal state and that the hexamer is composed of dimers and trimers. Lactate dehydrogenase release assays show that the oligomers formed by the Aβ16-36 β-hairpin peptide are toxic toward neuronally derived SH-SY5Y cells. Replica-exchange molecular dynamics demonstrates that the hexamer can accommodate full-length Aβ. These findings expand our understanding of the structure, solution-phase behavior, and biological activity of Aβ oligomers and may offer insights into the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G. Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ryan K. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Kate J. McKnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Stan Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Imane L. Hamza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Patrick J. Salveson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - James S. Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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26
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Heller GT, Aprile FA, Vendruscolo M. Methods of probing the interactions between small molecules and disordered proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3225-3243. [PMID: 28631009 PMCID: PMC5533867 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is generally recognized that a large fraction of the human proteome is made up of proteins that remain disordered in their native states. Despite the fact that such proteins play key biological roles and are involved in many major human diseases, they still represent challenging targets for drug discovery. A major bottleneck for the identification of compounds capable of interacting with these proteins and modulating their disease-promoting behaviour is the development of effective techniques to probe such interactions. The difficulties in carrying out binding measurements have resulted in a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying these interactions. In order to facilitate further methodological advances, here we review the most commonly used techniques to probe three types of interactions involving small molecules: (1) those that disrupt functional interactions between disordered proteins; (2) those that inhibit the aberrant aggregation of disordered proteins, and (3) those that lead to binding disordered proteins in their monomeric states. In discussing these techniques, we also point out directions for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella T Heller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Francesco A Aprile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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27
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Chakraborty S, Das P. Emergence of Alternative Structures in Amyloid Beta 1-42 Monomeric Landscape by N-terminal Hexapeptide Amyloid Inhibitors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9941. [PMID: 28855598 PMCID: PMC5577341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides into senile plaques in the brain. While most familial mutations are associated with early-onset AD, recent studies report the AD-protective nature of two genetic human Aβ variants, i.e. A2T and A2V, in the heterozygous state. The mixture of A2V Aβ1-6 (Aβ6) hexapeptide and WT Aβ1–42 (Αβ42) is also found neuroprotective. Motivated by these findings, in this study we investigate the effects of WT, A2V, and A2T Aβ6 hexapeptide binding on the monomeric WT Aβ42 landscape. For this purpose, we have performed extensive atomistic Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics simulations, elucidating preferential binding of Aβ42 with the A2V and A2T hexapeptides compared to WT Aβ6. A notable reorganization of the Aβ42 landscape is revealed due to hexapeptide association, as manifested by lowering of transient interactions between the central and C-terminal hydrophobic patches. Concurrently, Aβ6-bound Aβ42 monomer exhibits alternative structural features that are strongly dependent on the hexapeptide sequence. For example, a central helix is more frequently populated within the A2T-bound monomer, while A2V-bound Aβ42 is often enhanced in overall disorder. Taken together, the present simulations offer novel molecular insights onto the effect of the N-terminal hexapeptide binding on the Aβ42 monomer structure, which might help in explaining their reported amyloid inhibition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Payel Das
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Aggregation of the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) to form fibrils and oligomers is important in the progression of type 2 diabetes. This article describes X-ray crystallographic and solution-state NMR studies of peptides derived from residues 11-17 of IAPP that assemble to form tetramers. Incorporation of residues 11-17 of IAPP (RLANFLV) into a macrocyclic β-sheet peptide results in a monomeric peptide that does not self-assemble to form oligomers. Mutation of Arg11 to the uncharged isostere citrulline gives peptide homologues that assemble to form tetramers in both the crystal state and in aqueous solution. The tetramers consist of hydrogen-bonded dimers that sandwich together through hydrophobic interactions. The tetramers share several features with structures reported for IAPP fibrils and demonstrate the importance of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions in the oligomerization of IAPP-derived peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | - Adam G. Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | - Nicholas L. Truex
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | - James S. Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
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29
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Bakou M, Hille K, Kracklauer M, Spanopoulou A, Frost CV, Malideli E, Yan LM, Caporale A, Zacharias M, Kapurniotu A. Key aromatic/hydrophobic amino acids controlling a cross-amyloid peptide interaction versus amyloid self-assembly. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14587-14602. [PMID: 28684415 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.774893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the intrinsically disordered polypeptide islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), which is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide modulates their self-assembly into amyloid fibrils and may link the pathogeneses of these two cell-degenerative diseases. However, the molecular determinants of this interaction remain elusive. Using a systematic alanine scan approach, fluorescence spectroscopy, and other biophysical methods, including heterocomplex pulldown assays, far-UV CD spectroscopy, the thioflavin T binding assay, transmission EM, and molecular dynamics simulations, here we identified single aromatic/hydrophobic residues within the amyloid core IAPP region as hot spots or key residues of its cross-interaction with Aβ40(42) peptide. Importantly, we also find that none of these residues in isolation plays a key role in IAPP self-assembly, whereas simultaneous substitution of four aromatic/hydrophobic residues with Ala dramatically impairs both IAPP self-assembly and hetero-assembly with Aβ40(42). Furthermore, our experiments yielded several novel IAPP analogs, whose sequences are highly similar to that of IAPP but have distinct amyloid self- or cross-interaction potentials. The identified similarities and major differences controlling IAPP cross-peptide interaction with Aβ40(42) versus its amyloid self-assembly offer a molecular basis for understanding the underlying mechanisms. We propose that these insights will aid in designing intervention strategies and novel IAPP analogs for the management of type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, or other diseases related to IAPP dysfunction or cross-amyloid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bakou
- From the Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany and
| | - Kathleen Hille
- From the Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany and
| | - Michael Kracklauer
- From the Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany and
| | - Anna Spanopoulou
- From the Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany and
| | - Christina V Frost
- the Physik Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eleni Malideli
- From the Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany and
| | - Li-Mei Yan
- From the Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany and
| | - Andrea Caporale
- From the Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany and
| | - Martin Zacharias
- the Physik Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Aphrodite Kapurniotu
- From the Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany and
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30
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Salveson PJ, Spencer RK, Kreutzer AG, Nowick JS. X-ray Crystallographic Structure of a Compact Dodecamer from a Peptide Derived from Aβ 16-36. Org Lett 2017; 19:3462-3465. [PMID: 28683555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of the β-amyloid peptide, Aβ, into soluble oligomers is associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. The Aβ oligomers are thought to be composed of β-hairpins. Here, the effect of shifting the residue pairing of the β-hairpins on the structures of the oligomers that form is explored through X-ray crystallography. Three residue pairings were investigated using constrained macrocyclic β-hairpins in which Aβ30-36 is juxtaposed with Aβ17-23, Aβ16-22, and Aβ15-21. The Aβ16-22-Aβ30-36 pairing forms a compact ball-shaped dodecamer composed of fused triangular trimers. This dodecamer may help explain the structures of the trimers and dodecamers formed by full-length Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Salveson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ryan K Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Adam G Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - James S Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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31
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Ståhl S, Gräslund T, Eriksson Karlström A, Frejd FY, Nygren PÅ, Löfblom J. Affibody Molecules in Biotechnological and Medical Applications. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:691-712. [PMID: 28514998 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Affibody molecules are small (6.5-kDa) affinity proteins based on a three-helix bundle domain framework. Since their introduction 20 years ago as an alternative to antibodies for biotechnological applications, the first therapeutic affibody molecules have now entered clinical development and more than 400 studies have been published in which affibody molecules have been developed and used in a variety of contexts. In this review, we focus primarily on efforts over the past 5 years to explore the potential of affibody molecules for medical applications in oncology, neurodegenerative, and inflammation disorders, including molecular imaging, receptor signal blocking, and delivery of toxic payloads. In addition, we describe recent examples of biotechnological applications, in which affibody molecules have been exploited as modular affinity fusion partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ståhl
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Torbjörn Gräslund
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Y Frejd
- Unit of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Affibody AB, Gunnar Asplunds Allé 24, SE-171 69 Solna, Sweden
| | - Per-Åke Nygren
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Krotee P, Rodriguez JA, Sawaya MR, Cascio D, Reyes FE, Shi D, Hattne J, Nannenga BL, Oskarsson ME, Philipp S, Griner S, Jiang L, Glabe CG, Westermark GT, Gonen T, Eisenberg DS. Atomic structures of fibrillar segments of hIAPP suggest tightly mated β-sheets are important for cytotoxicity. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28045370 PMCID: PMC5207774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
hIAPP fibrils are associated with Type-II Diabetes, but the link of hIAPP structure to islet cell death remains elusive. Here we observe that hIAPP fibrils are cytotoxic to cultured pancreatic β-cells, leading us to determine the structure and cytotoxicity of protein segments composing the amyloid spine of hIAPP. Using the cryoEM method MicroED, we discover that one segment, 19-29 S20G, forms pairs of β-sheets mated by a dry interface that share structural features with and are similarly cytotoxic to full-length hIAPP fibrils. In contrast, a second segment, 15-25 WT, forms non-toxic labile β-sheets. These segments possess different structures and cytotoxic effects, however, both can seed full-length hIAPP, and cause hIAPP to take on the cytotoxic and structural features of that segment. These results suggest that protein segment structures represent polymorphs of their parent protein and that segment 19-29 S20G may serve as a model for the toxic spine of hIAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Krotee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jose A Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Francis E Reyes
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Dan Shi
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Johan Hattne
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Brent L Nannenga
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Marie E Oskarsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan Philipp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Sarah Griner
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Lin Jiang
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Brain Research Institute (BRI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Charles G Glabe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tamir Gonen
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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