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Roth S, Danielli A. Rapid and Sensitive Inhibitor Screening Using Magnetically Modulated Biosensors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21144814. [PMID: 34300555 PMCID: PMC8309820 DOI: 10.3390/s21144814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor screening is an important tool for drug development, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most used in vitro inhibitor screening tool is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, ELISA-based inhibitor screening is time consuming and has a limited dynamic range. Using fluorescently and magnetically modulated biosensors (MMB), we developed a rapid and sensitive inhibitor screening tool. This study demonstrates its performance by screening small molecules and neutralizing antibodies as potential inhibitors of the interaction between the spike protein 1 (S1) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The MMB-based assay is highly sensitive, has minimal non-specific binding, and is much faster than the commonly used ELISA (2 h vs. 7–24 h). We anticipate that our method will lead to a remarkable advance in screening for new drug candidates.
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Park KH, Kim M, Bae SE, Lee HJ, Kim KC, Choi BS, Kim YB. Study on suitable analysis method for HIV-1 non-catalytic integrase inhibitor. Virol J 2021; 18:17. [PMID: 33436020 PMCID: PMC7805210 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrase (IN) is an essential protein for HIV replication that catalyzes insertion of the reverse-transcribed viral genome into the host chromosome during the early steps of viral infection. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy is a HIV/AIDS treatment method that combines three or more antiviral drugs often formulated from compounds that inhibit the activities of viral reverse transcriptase and protease enzymes. Early IN inhibitors (INIs) mainly serve as integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) that disrupt strand transfer by binding the catalytic core domain of IN. However, mutations of IN can confer resistance to INSTI. Therefore, non-catalytic integrase inhibitors (NCINI) have been developed as next-generation INIs.
Methods In this study, we evaluated and compared the activity of INSTI and NCINI according to the analysis method. Antiviral activity was compared using p24 ELISA with MT2 cell and TZM-bl luciferase system with TZM-bl cell. Each drug was serially diluted and treated to MT2 and TZM-b1 cells, infected with HIV-1 AD8 strain and incubated for 5 and 2 days, respectively. Additionally, to analyze properties of INSTI and NCINI, transfer inhibition assay and 3′-processing inhibition assay were performed. Results During screening of INIs using the p24 ELISA and TZM-bl luciferase systems, we found an inconsistent result with INSTI and NCINI drugs. Following infection of MT2 and TZM-bl cells with T-tropic HIV-1 strain, both INSTI and NCINI treatments induced significant p24 reduction in MT2 cells. However, NCINI showed no antiviral activity in the TZM-bl luciferase system, indicating that this widely used and convenient antiretroviral assay is not suitable for screening of NCINI compounds that target the second round of HIV-1 replication. Conclusion Accordingly, we recommend application of other assay procedures, such as p24 ELISA or reverse transcription activity, in lieu of the TZM-bl luciferase system for preliminary NCINI drug screening. Utilization of appropriate analytical methods based on underlying mechanisms is necessary for accurate assessment of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hoon Park
- Department of Bio-Industrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seoung Eun Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chang Kim
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk, Korea
| | - Byeong Sun Choi
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk, Korea
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Bio-Industrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhang DW, Yan HL, Xu XS, Xu L, Yin ZH, Chang S, Luo H. The selenium-containing drug ebselen potently disrupts LEDGF/p75-HIV-1 integrase interaction by targeting LEDGF/p75. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:906-912. [PMID: 32228103 PMCID: PMC7170385 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1743282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lens-epithelium-derived growth-factor (LEDGF/p75)-binding site on HIV-1 integrase (IN), is an attractive target for antiviral chemotherapy. Small-molecule compounds binding to this site are referred as LEDGF-IN inhibitors (LEDGINs). In this study, compound libraries were screened to identify new inhibitors of LEDGF/p75-IN interaction. Ebselen (2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3-one), a reported anti-HIV-1 agent, was identified as a moderate micromolar inhibitor of LEDGF/p75-IN interaction. Ebselen inhibited the interaction by binding to LEDGF/p75 and the ability of ebselen to inhibit the interaction could be reversed by dithiothreitol (DTT). BLI experiment showed that ebselen probably formed selenium-sulphur bonds with reduced thiols in LEDGF/p75. To the best of our knowledge, we showed for the first time that small-molecule compound, ebselen inhibited LEDGF/p75-IN interaction by directly binding to LEDGF/p75. The compound discovered here could be used as probe compounds to design and develop new disrupter of LEDGF/p75-IN interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Hao-Li Yan
- Center for Food and Drug Evaluation & Inspection of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yin
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shan Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Heng Luo
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Zhang X, Niu W, Tang T, Hou C, Guo Y, Kong R. A Strategy to Find Novel Candidate DKAs Inhibitors Using Modified QSAR Model with Favorable Druggability Properties. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bao L, Hannon C, Cruz-Mignoni A, Ptchelkine D, Sun MY, Miller A, Bunjobpol W, Quevedo CE, Derveni M, Chambers J, Simmons A, Phillips SEV, Rabbitts TH. Intracellular immunization against HIV infection with an intracellular antibody that mimics HIV integrase binding to the cellular LEDGF protein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16869. [PMID: 29203900 PMCID: PMC5715112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing the protein-protein interaction of the cellular chromatin binding protein Lens Epithelium-Derived Growth Factor (LEDGF) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase is an important possible strategy for anti-viral treatment for AIDS. We have used Intracellular Antibody Capture technology to isolate a single VH antibody domain that binds to LEDGF. The crystal structure of the LEDGF-VH complex reveals that the single domain antibody mimics the effect of binding of HIV integrase to LEDGF which is crucial for HIV propagation. CD4-expressing T cell lines were constructed to constitutively express the LEDGF-binding VH and these cells showed interference with HIV viral replication, assayed by virus capsid protein p24 production. Therefore, pre-conditioning cells to express antibody fragments confers effective intracellular immunization for preventing chronic viral replication and can be a way to prevent HIV spread in infected patients. This raises the prospect that intracellular immunization strategies that focus on cellular components of viral integrase protein interactions can be used to combat the problems associated with latent HIV virus re-emergence in patients. New genome editing development, such as using CRISPR/cas9, offer the prospect intracellularly immunized T cells in HIV+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Bao
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Clare Hannon
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Abimael Cruz-Mignoni
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Denis Ptchelkine
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Mei-Yi Sun
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ami Miller
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Wilawan Bunjobpol
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Camilo E Quevedo
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mariliza Derveni
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jennifer Chambers
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Alison Simmons
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simon E V Phillips
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Terence H Rabbitts
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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