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Fink Z, Wu X, Kim PY, McGlasson A, Abdelsamie M, Emrick T, Sutter-Fella CM, Ashby PD, Helms BA, Russell TP. Mixed Nanosphere Assemblies at a Liquid-Liquid Interface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308560. [PMID: 37994305 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The in-plane packing of gold (Au), polystyrene (PS), and silica (SiO2) spherical nanoparticle (NP) mixtures at a water-oil interface is investigated in situ by UV-vis reflection spectroscopy. All NPs are functionalized with carboxylic acid such that they strongly interact with amine-functionalized ligands dissolved in an immiscible oil phase at the fluid interface. This interaction markedly increases the binding energy of these nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs). The separation distance between the Au NPSs and Au surface coverage are measured by the maximum plasmonic wavelength (λmax) and integrated intensities as the assemblies saturate for different concentrations of non-plasmonic (PS/SiO2) NPs. As the PS/SiO2 content increases, the time to reach intimate Au NP contact also increases, resulting from their hindered mobility. λmax changes within the first few minutes of adsorption due to weak attractive inter-NP forces. Additionally, a sharper peak in the reflection spectrum at NP saturation reveals tighter Au NP packing for assemblies with intermediate non-plasmonic NP content. Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements confirm a decrease in Au NP domain size for mixtures with larger non-plasmonic NP content. The results demonstrate a simple means to probe interfacial phase separation behavior using in situ spectroscopy as interfacial structures densify into jammed, phase-separated NP films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fink
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Xuefei Wu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Paul Y Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alex McGlasson
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Maged Abdelsamie
- Material Science and Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | | | - Paul D Ashby
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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2
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Li W, Wang M, Wang J, Zhang L, Zhang L, Deng L, Xie J, Zhou P. Visible and infrared dual-band anti-counterfeiting with self-assembled photonic heterostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13875-13887. [PMID: 37157263 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled photonic structures have greatly expanded the paradigm of optical materials due to their ease of access, the richness of results offered and the strong interaction with light. Among them, photonic heterostructure shows unprecedent advances in exploring novel optical responses that only can be realized by interfaces or multiple components. In this work, we realize visible and infrared dual-band anti-counterfeiting using metamaterial (MM) - photonic crystal (PhC) heterostructures for the first time. Sedimentation of TiO2 nanoparticles in horizontal mode and polystyrene (PS) microspheres in vertical mode self-assembles a van der Waals interface, connecting TiO2 MM to PS PhC. Difference of characteristic length scales between two components support photonic bandgap engineering in the visible band, and creates a concrete interface at mid-infrared to prevent interference. Consequently, the encoded TiO2 MM is hidden by structurally colored PS PhC and visualized either by adding refractive index matching liquid or by thermal imaging. The well-defined compatibility of optical modes and facility in interface treatments further paves the way for multifunctional photonic heterostructures.
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3
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Sánchez PA, Esteban O, Elshorbagy MH, Cuadrado A, Alda J. Effective index model as a reliable tool for the design of nanostructured thin-film solar cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6227. [PMID: 37069230 PMCID: PMC10110609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured anti-reflection coatings (ARC) are used to reduce the reflectivity of the front surface of solar cells. Computational electromagnetism helps to evaluate the spectral reflectivity of of this type of ARC using several approaches. They typically require large computational resources both in time and hardware elements (memory allocation, speed of processors, etc.). Long computational times may jeopardize optimization processes based on the iterative evaluation of a given merit function that depends on several parameters. Then, simplified analytic methods can speed up this evaluation with moderate computational resources. In this contribution we adapt an Effective Index Model (EIM) to the case of the design of an ARC made with nanoparticles (NP) embedded in a medium at the front surface of a thin-film silicon solar cell. Our approach modifies the discrete dipole approximation method to adapt it to the geometric and material properties of the NPs. The results obtained from the analytic method are compared with those evaluated through a Finite Element Method (FEM) for several cases involving variations in the size and geometry of the NP arrangement, obtaining reflectances that differ less than 10[Formula: see text] for the worst case analyzed but bieng about 100 times faster than the FEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Sánchez
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - O Esteban
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M H Elshorbagy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minya, 61519, Egypt
| | - A Cuadrado
- Escuela de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, University Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alda
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Zagar C, Krammer FGP, Pendry JB, Kornyshev AA. Optical response of hyperbolic metamaterials with adsorbed nanoparticle arrays. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1228-1239. [PMID: 35968838 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies of have been recently performed to determine the optical effect of adsorption of arrays of gold nanoparticles, NPs (16 nm or 40 nm in diameter) on reflective substrates (Ma et al., ACS Photonics, 2018, 5, 4604-4616; Ma et al., ACS Nano, 2020, 14, 328-336) and on transparent interfaces (Montelongo et al., Nat. Mater., 2017, 16, 1127-1135). As predicted by the theory (Sikdar et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 20486-20498), a reflection quenching effect was observed on the reflective substrates, in the frequency domain centred around the nanoparticle localised plasmon resonance. Those results showed a broad dip in reflectivity, which was deepening and red-shifting with increasing array densities. In contrast, the second system has shown, also in accordance with the theory (Sikdar and Kornyshev, Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, 1-16), a broad reflectivity peak in the same frequency domain, increasing in intensity and shifting to the red with densification of the array. In the present paper, we develop a theory of an optical response of NP arrays adsorbed on the surface of stacked nanosheet hyperbolic substrates. The response varies between quenched and enhanced reflectivity, depending on the volume fractions of the metallic and dielectric components in the hyperbolic metamaterial. We reproduce the results of the earlier works in the two opposite limiting cases - of a pure metal and a pure dielectric substrates, while predicting novel resonances for intermediate compositions. Whereas the metal/dielectric ratio in the hyperbolic substrate cannot be changed in time - for each experiment a new substrate should be fabricated - the density of the adsorbed nanoparticle arrays can be controlled in real time in electrochemical photonic cells (Montelongo et al., Nat. Mater., 2017, 16, 1127-1135; Ma et al., ACS Photonics, 2018, 5, 4604-4616; Ma et al., ACS Nano, 2020, 14, 328-336). Therefore, we systematically study the effect of the array density on the optical response of such systems, which could be later verified experimentally. We also investigate the manifestation of these findings in a hyperbolic-Fabry-Perot cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Zagar
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Ferdinand G P Krammer
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - John B Pendry
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, W12 0BZ, UK.
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5
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Summonte C, Maccagnani P, Maurizi A, Pizzochero G, Bolognini G. Simulation of the optical properties of gold nanoparticles on sodium alginate. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202125508002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, we report on the simulation of optical reflectance and transmittance (R&T) taken on a set of gold nanoparticles thin film, deposited on sodium alginate by magnetron sputtering. The gold layer is very thin, so that the films are not continuous and the material is arranged in nanostructured layers. R&T spectra are simulated using the Generalized Transfer Matrix method applied to the film-on-substrate model. The gold NP films are simulated using the Drude-Lorentz model, by taking into account that the optical function of nanostructured gold exhibits increased collision frequency and reduced relaxation time. Moreover, the signal of localized surface plasmon, evident in the spectra, is simulated by introducing a dedicated modified Lorentz oscillator. The experimental results are well reproduced by the applied model. All trends (amplitude and energy position of the plasmon oscillator, film thickness, relaxation time) are correlated with the deposition parameters. The procedure represents a useful tool in the characterisation of such nanoparticles thin films.
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Zagar C, Griffiths RR, Podgornik R, Kornyshev AA. On the voltage-controlled assembly of nanoparticle arrays at electrochemical solid/liquid interfaces. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Ma Y, Sikdar D, He Q, Kho D, Kucernak AR, Kornyshev AA, Edel JB. Self-assembling two-dimensional nanophotonic arrays for reflectivity-based sensing. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9563-9570. [PMID: 34094221 PMCID: PMC8161679 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a nanoplasmonic platform that can be used for sensing trace levels of heavy metals in solutions via simple optical reflectivity measurements. The considered example is a lead sensor, which relies on the lead-mediated assembly of glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles (NPs) at a self-healing water/DCE liquid | liquid interface (LLI). Capillary forces tend to trap each NP at the LLI while the negatively charged ligands prevent the NPs settling too close to each other. In the presence of lead, due to chelation between the lead ion and glutathione ligand, the NPs assemble into a dense quasi-2D interfacial array. Such a dense assembly of plasmonic NPs can generate a remarkable broad-band reflectance signal, which is absent when NPs are adsorbed at the interface far apart from each other. The condensing effect of the LLI and the plasmonic coupling effect among the NP array gives rise to a dramatic enhancement of the reflectivity signals. Importantly, we show that our theory of the optical reflectivity from such an array of NPs works in perfect harmony with the physics and chemistry of the system with the key parameter being the interparticle distance at the interface. As a lead sensor, the system is fast, stable, and can achieve detection limits down to 14 ppb. Future alternative recognizing ligands can be used to build sister platforms for detecting other heavy metals. We propose a nanoplasmonic platform that can be used for sensing trace levels of heavy metals in solutions via simple optical reflectivity measurements at the liquid–liquid interface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus 80 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus 80 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK .,Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 India
| | - Qian He
- Key Lab of Marine Chemistry Theory & Technology, Ministry Education, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Daniel Kho
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus 80 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
| | - Anthony R Kucernak
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus 80 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus 80 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
| | - Joshua B Edel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus 80 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
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9
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Sikdar D, Pendry JB, Kornyshev AA. Nanoparticle meta-grid for enhanced light extraction from light-emitting devices. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:122. [PMID: 32699610 PMCID: PMC7366936 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on a developed theory, we show that introducing a meta-grid of sub-wavelength-sized plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) into existing semiconductor light-emitting-devices (LEDs) can lead to enhanced transmission of light across the LED-chip/encapsulant interface. This results from destructive interference between light reflected from the chip/encapsulant interface and light reflected by the NP meta-grid, which conspicuously increase the efficiency of light extraction from LEDs. The "meta-grid", should be inserted on top of a conventional LED chip within its usual encapsulating packaging. As described by the theory, the nanoparticle composition, size, interparticle spacing, and distance from the LED-chip surface can be tailored to facilitate maximal transmission of light emitted from the chip into its encapsulating layer by reducing the Fresnel loss. The analysis shows that transmission across a typical LED-chip/encapsulant interface at the peak emission wavelength can be boosted up to ~99%, which is otherwise mere ~84% at normal incidence. The scheme could provide improved transmission within the photon escape cone over the entire emission spectrum of an LED. This would benefit energy saving, in addition to increasing the lifetime of LEDs by reducing heating. Potentially, the scheme will be easy to implement and adopt into existing semiconductor-device technologies, and it can be used separately or in conjunction with other methods for mitigating the critical angle loss in LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City, London, W12 0BZ UK
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039 India
| | - John B. Pendry
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Alexei A. Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City, London, W12 0BZ UK
- Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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10
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Ma Y, Sikdar D, Fedosyuk A, Velleman L, Klemme DJ, Oh SH, Kucernak ARJ, Kornyshev AA, Edel JB. Electrotunable Nanoplasmonics for Amplified Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:328-336. [PMID: 31808672 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the properties of optical metamaterials in real time is one of the grand challenges of photonics. Being able to do so will enable a class of adaptive photonic materials for use in applications such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and reflectors/absorbers. One strategy to achieving this goal is based on the electrovariable self-assembly and disassembly of two-dimensional nanoparticle arrays at a metal | liquid interface. As expected, the structure results in plasmonic coupling between NPs in the array but perhaps as importantly between the array and the metal surface. In such a system, the density of the nanoparticle array can be reversibly controlled by the variation of electrode potential. Theory suggests that due to a collective plasmon-coupling effect less than 1 V variation of electrode potential can give rise to a dramatic simultaneous change in optical reflectivity from ∼93% to ∼1% and the amplification of the SERS signal by up to 5 orders of magnitude. This is experimentally demonstrated using a platform based on the voltage-controlled assembly of 40 nm Au-nanoparticle arrays at a TiN/Ag electrode in contact with an aqueous electrolyte. We show that all the physics underpinning the behavior of this platform works precisely as suggested by the proposed theory, setting the electrochemical nanoplasmonics as a promising direction in photonics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , 266100 , China
| | - Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Aleksandra Fedosyuk
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Leonora Velleman
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Daniel J Klemme
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Anthony R J Kucernak
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
- Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Joshua B Edel
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , London W12 0BZ , U.K
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11
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Sikdar D, Weir H, Kornyshev AA. Optical response of electro-tuneable 3D superstructures of plasmonic nanoparticles self-assembling on transparent columnar electrodes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:26483-26498. [PMID: 31674529 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrically tuneable, guided self-assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) at polarized, patterned solid-liquid interfaces could enable numerous platforms for designing nanoplasmonic optical devices with new tuneable functionalities. Here, we propose a unique design of voltage-controlled guided 3D self-assembly of plasmonic NPs on transparent electrodes, patterned as columnar structures-arrays of vertical nanorods. NP assembly on the electrified surfaces of those columnar structures allows formation of a 3D superstructure of NPs, comprising stacking up of NPs in the voids between the columns, forming multiple NP-layers. A comprehensive theoretical model, based on quasi-static effective medium theory and multilayer Fresnel reflection scheme, is developed and verified against full-wave simulations for obtaining optical responses-reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance-from such systems of 3D self-assembled NPs. With a specific example of small gold nanospheres self-assembling on polarized zinc oxide columns, we show that the reflectance spectrum can be controlled by the number of stacked NP-layers. Numerical simulations show that peak reflectance can be enhanced up to ∼1.7 times, along with spectral broadening by a factor of ∼2-allowing wide-range tuning of optical reflectivity. Smaller NPs with superior mobility would be preferable over large NPs for realizing such devices for novel photonic and sensing applications.
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12
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Ma Y, Sikdar D, Fedosyuk A, Velleman L, Zhao M, Tang L, Kornyshev AA, Edel JB. Auxetic Thermoresponsive Nanoplasmonic Optical Switch. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22754-22760. [PMID: 31134791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Development and use of metamaterials have been gaining prominence in large part due to the possibility of creating platforms with "disruptive" and unique optical properties. However, to date, the majority of such systems produced using micro or nanotechnology are static and can only perform certain target functions. Next-generation multifunctional smart optical metamaterials are expected to have tunable elements with the possibility of controlling the optical properties in real time via variation in parameters such as pressure, mechanical stress, and voltage or through nonlinear optical effects. Here, we address this challenge by developing a thermally controlled optical switch, based on the self-assembly of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)-functionalized gold nanoparticles on a planar macroscale gold substrate. We show that such meta-surfaces can be tuned to exhibit substantial changes in the optical properties in terms of both wavelength and intensity, through the temperature-controlled variation of the interparticle distance within the nanoparticle monolayer as well as its separation from the substrate. This change is based on temperature-induced auxetic expansion and contraction of the functional ligands. Such a system has potential for numerous applications, ranging from thermal sensors to regulated light harnessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Aleksandra Fedosyuk
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Leonora Velleman
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Minggang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266100 , P. R. China
| | - Longhua Tang
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, School of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Joshua B Edel
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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13
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Czajkowski KM, Świtlik D, Langhammer C, Antosiewicz TJ. Effective Optical Properties of Inhomogeneously Distributed Nanoobjects in Strong Field Gradients of Nanoplasmonic Sensors. PLASMONICS (NORWELL, MASS.) 2018; 13:2423-2434. [PMID: 30595678 PMCID: PMC6280852 DOI: 10.1007/s11468-018-0769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and efficient modeling of discontinuous, randomly distributed entities is a computationally challenging task, especially in the presence of large and inhomogeneous electric near-fields of plasmons. Simultaneously, the anisotropy of sensed entities and their overlap with inhomogeneous fields means that typical effective medium approaches may fail at describing their optical properties. Here, we extend the Maxwell Garnett mixing formula to overcome this limitation by introducing a gradient within the effective medium description of inhomogeneous nanoparticle layers. The effective medium layer is divided into slices with a varying volume fraction of the inclusions and, consequently, a spatially varying effective permittivity. This preserves the interplay between an anisotropic particle distribution and an inhomogeneous electric field and enables more accurate predictions than with a single effective layer. We demonstrate the usefulness of the gradient effective medium in FDTD modeling of indirect plasmonic sensing of nanoparticle sintering. First of all, it yields accurate results significantly faster than with explicitly modeled nanoparticles. Moreover, by employing the gradient effective medium approach, we prove that the detected signal is proportional to not only the nanoparticle size but also its size dispersion and potentially shape. This implies that the simple volume fraction parameter is insufficient to properly homogenize these types of nanoparticle layers and that in order to quantify optically the state of the layer more than one independent measurement should be carried out. These findings extend beyond nanoparticle sintering and could be useful in analysis of average signals in both plasmonic and dielectric systems to unveil dynamic changes in exosomes or polymer brushes, phase changes of nanoparticles, or quantifying light absorption in plasmon assisted catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Czajkowski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Świtlik
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J. Antosiewicz
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Scanlon MD, Smirnov E, Stockmann TJ, Peljo P. Gold Nanofilms at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: An Emerging Platform for Redox Electrocatalysis, Nanoplasmonic Sensors, and Electrovariable Optics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3722-3751. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micheál D. Scanlon
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Evgeny Smirnov
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - T. Jane Stockmann
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, 15 Rue J.A. Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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15
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Towards Electrotuneable Nanoplasmonic Fabry-Perot Interferometer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:565. [PMID: 29330455 PMCID: PMC5766574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed voltage-controlled assembly and disassembly of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) at electrified solid–electrolyte interfaces (SEI) offer novel opportunities for the creation of tuneable optical devices. We apply this concept to propose a fast electrotuneable, NP-based Fabry–Perot (FP) interferometer, comprising two parallel transparent electrodes in aqueous electrolyte, which form the polarizable SEI for directed assembly–disassembly of negatively charged NPs. An FP cavity between two reflective NP-monolayers assembled at such interfaces can be formed or deconstructed under positive or negative polarization of the electrodes, respectively. The inter-NP spacing may be tuned via applied potential. Since the intensity, wavelength, and linewidth of the reflectivity peak depend on the NP packing density, the transmission spectrum of the system can thus be varied. A detailed theoretical model of the system’s optical response is presented, which shows excellent agreement with full-wave simulations. The tuning of the peak transmission wavelength and linewidth is investigated in detail. Design guidelines for such NP-based FP systems are established, where transmission characteristics can be electrotuned in-situ, without mechanically altering the cavity length.
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16
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Chau YFC, Wang CK, Shen L, Lim CM, Chiang HP, Chao CTC, Huang HJ, Lin CT, Kumara NTRN, Voo NY. Simultaneous realization of high sensing sensitivity and tunability in plasmonic nanostructures arrays. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16817. [PMID: 29196641 PMCID: PMC5711893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A plasmonic nanostructure (PNS) which integrates metallic and dielectric media within a single structure has been shown to exhibit specific plasmonic properties which are considered useful in refractive index (RI) sensor applications. In this paper, the simultaneous realization of sensitivity and tunability of the optical properties of PNSs consisting of alternative Ag and dielectric of nanosphere/nanorod array have been proposed and compared by using three-dimensional finite element method. The proposed system can support plasmonic hybrid modes and the localized surface plasmonic resonances and cavity plasmonic resonances within the individual PNS can be excited by the incident light. The proposed PNSs can be operated as RI sensor with a sensitivity of 500 nm/RIU (RIU = refractive index unit) ranging from UV to the near-infrared. In addition, a narrow bandwidth and nearly zero transmittance along with a high absorptance can be achieved by a denser PNSs configuration in the unit cell of PNS arrays. We have demonstrated the number of modes sustained in the PNS system, as well as, the near-field distribution can be tailored by the dielectric media in PNSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fong Chou Chau
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Chan-Kuang Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chien Hsin University of Science and Technology, No. 229, Jianxing Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County, 32097, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Linfang Shen
- Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chee Ming Lim
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hai-Pang Chiang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Rd., 202, Keelung, Taiwan. .,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Hung Ji Huang
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Lin
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - N T R N Kumara
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nyuk Yoong Voo
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
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Sikdar D, Bucher A, Zagar C, Kornyshev AA. Electrochemical plasmonic metamaterials: towards fast electro-tuneable reflecting nanoshutters. Faraday Discuss 2017; 199:585-602. [PMID: 28429003 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00249h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling arrays of metallic nanoparticles at liquid|liquid or liquid|solid interfaces could deliver new platforms for tuneable optical systems. Such systems can switch between very-high and very-low reflectance states upon assembly and disassembly of nanoparticles at the interface, respectively. This encourages creation of electro-variably reversible mirror/window nanoplasmonic devices. However, the response time of these systems is usually limited by the rate-of-diffusion of the nanoparticles in the liquid, towards the interface and back. A large time-constant implies slow switching of the system, challenging the practical viability of such a system. Here we introduce a smart alternative to overcome this issue. We propose obtaining fast switching via electrically-induced rotation of a two-dimensional array of metal nanocuboids tethered to an ITO substrate. By applying potential to the ITO electrode the orientation of nanocuboids can be altered, which results in conversion of a highly-reflective nanoparticle layer into a transparent layer (or vice versa) within sub-second timescales. A theoretical method is developed based on the quasi-static effective-medium approach to analyse the optical response of such arrays, which is verified against full-wave simulations. Further theoretical analysis and estimates based on the potential energy of the nanoparticles in the two orientations corroborate the idea that voltage-controlled switching between the two states of a nanoparticle assembly is a viable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Alwin Bucher
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Cristian Zagar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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