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Choi YJ, Wedamulla NE, Kim SH, Oh M, Seo KS, Han JS, Lee EJ, Park YH, Park YJ, Kim EK. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Ameliorates Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia through Regulation of Oxidative Stress via Nrf-2/HO-1 Activation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1059-1072. [PMID: 37994101 PMCID: PMC11180924 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that leads to inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extract (HLT-101) on BPH through the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. A testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rat model was orally administered HLT-101 (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg), and its effects on oxidative stress- and inflammation-related gene expression were examined. Further, HLT-101 was assessed for its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathways in BPH-1 cells. HLT-101 decreased testosterone-induced excessive free radical production and inflammatory factor activation. Moreover, HLT-101 treatment significantly decreased the intracellular ROS level in the TNF-α and IFN-γ treated BPH-1 cells through the activation of Nrf-2. In addition, HLT-101 treatment inhibited the NF-κB pathway and androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which is highly linked to the pathogenesis of BPH. Therefore, HLT-101 has the potential to be an effective treatment reagent for BPH because of its ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress via Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, the Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Nishala Erandi Wedamulla
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, the Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Seok-Hee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, the Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Oh
- Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Sik Seo
- Curome Bioscience Co., Ltd., Suwon 16506, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Han
- Curome Bioscience Co., Ltd., Suwon 16506, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Lee
- Healthism Corporation, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Healthism Corporation, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Educational Major, Graduate School of Education, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Nutrinomics Lab. Co., Ltd., Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
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Jung DH, Nahar J, Mathiyalagan R, Rupa EJ, Ramadhania ZM, Han Y, Yang DC, Kang SC. A Focused Review on Molecular Signalling Mechanisms of Ginsenosides Anti-Lung Cancer and Anti-inflammatory Activities. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:3-14. [PMID: 35319393 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220321091022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a cultivated medicinal herb that has been widely available in the Asian region since the last century. Ginseng root is used worldwide in Oriental medicine. Currently, the global mortality and infection rates for lung cancer and inflammation are significantly increasing. Therefore, various preventative methods related to the activity of ginsenosides have been used for lung cancer as well as inflammation. METHODS Web-based searches were performed on Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, and Scopus. A cancer statistical analysis was also conducted to show the current ratio of affected cases and death from lung cancer around the world. RESULTS Ginsenosides regulate the enzymes that participate in tumor growth and migration, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signalregulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), the gelatinase network metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2/9) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). In addition, ginsenosides also possess anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the formation of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α) (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and controlling the activities of inflammatory signalling pathways, such as NF-κB, Janus kinase2/signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (Jak2/Stat3). CONCLUSION In several in vitro and in vivo models, P. ginseng showed potential beneficial effects in lung cancer and inflammation treatment. In this review, we provide a detailed and up-to-date summary of research evidence for antilung cancer and anti-inflammatory protective effects of ginsenosides and their potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hyo Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinnatun Nahar
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Esrat Jahan Rupa
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea
| | - Zelika Mega Ramadhania
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaxi Han
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
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Lai HC, Lin HJ, Jeng LB, Huang ST. Roles of conventional and complementary therapies in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:19-35. [PMID: 36684056 PMCID: PMC9850766 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. HCC has a reported recurrence rate of 70%-80% after 5 years of follow-up. Controlling tumor recurrence is the most critical factor associated with HCC mortality. Conventional salvage therapies for recurrent HCC include re-hepatectomy or liver transplantation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, Y-90, target therapy, and immunotherapy; however, these conventional treatment modalities have yet to achieve consistently favorable outcomes. Meanwhile, previous studies have demonstrated that conventional therapies in combination with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), acupuncture, moxibustion or dietary supplements could notably benefit patients with HCC recurrence by strengthening and augmenting the overall management strategy. However, systemic reviews related to the interactions between complementary therapies and conventional therapy in recurrent HCC are limited. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of complementary therapies for recurrent HCC, which include augmenting the local control to improve the congestion status of primary tumors and reducing multicentric tumor occurrence via inducing autophagy, apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. TCM and its derivatives may play important roles in helping to control HCC recurrence by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and metastasis, inhibiting cancer stem cells, and ameliorating drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709204, Taiwan
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Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Lee SK, Choi BK, Lee DR. Magnolia kobus Extract Inhibits Periodontitis-Inducing Mediators in Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW 264.7 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:538-554. [PMID: 36661522 PMCID: PMC9858207 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a disease caused by inflammation of oral bacteria, contributes to the loss of alveolar bone and destruction of connective tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is known to possess important pathogenic factors for periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-periodontitis effects of Magnolia kobus extract (MKE) and magnolin as a component of Magnolia kobus (MK) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Effects of MKE and magnolin on the mechanism of RAW 264.7 cellular inflammation were determined by analyzing nitric oxide (NO) production and Western blot protein expression (n = 3). MKE/magnolin inhibited NO production without affecting cell survival. MKE/magnolin treatment inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs such as MMP-1, 3, 8, 9, and 13), and protein levels of inflammatory mediators (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and mPGES-1). MKE/magnolin also suppressed NF-κB activation by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that MKE has a therapeutic effect on inflammatory periodontal disease caused by oral bacterium P. gingivalis and that magnolin is a major functional component in the anti-inflammatory effect of MKE.
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Li W, Huang T, Xu S, Che B, Yu Y, Zhang W, Tang K. Molecular Mechanism of Tanshinone against Prostate Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175594. [PMID: 36080361 PMCID: PMC9457553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor of the male urinary system in Europe and America. According to the data in the World Cancer Report 2020, the incidence rate of PCa ranks second in the prevalence of male malignant tumors and varies worldwide between regions and population groups. Although early PCa can achieve good therapeutic results after surgical treatment, due to advanced PCa, it can adapt and tolerate androgen castration-related drugs through a variety of mechanisms. For this reason, it is often difficult to achieve effective therapeutic results in the treatment of advanced PCa. Tanshinone is a new fat-soluble phenanthraquinone compound derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza that can play a therapeutic role in different cancers, including PCa. Several studies have shown that Tanshinone can target various molecular pathways of PCa, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, androgen receptor (AR) pathway, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which will affect the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and affect cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor metabolism, genomic stability, and tumor drug resistance. Thus, the occurrence and development of PCa cells are inhibited. In this review, we summarized the in vivo and in vitro evidence of Tanshinone against prostate cancer and discussed the effect of Tanshinone on nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), AR, and mTOR. At the same time, we conducted a network pharmacology analysis on the four main components of Tanshinone to further screen the possible targets of Tanshinone against prostate cancer and provide ideas for future research.
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Feng JH, Jung JS, Hwang SH, Lee SK, Lee SY, Kwak YG, Kim DH, Song CY, Kim MJ, Suh HW, Kim SC, Lim SS. The mixture of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. extract produces analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:166-173. [PMID: 36046031 PMCID: PMC9423830 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon Sub Jung
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soo Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youn Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Gil Kwak
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Ho Kim
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu-Youn Song
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Bueno-Silva B, Bueno MR, Kawamoto D, Casarin RC, Pingueiro JMS, Alencar SM, Rosalen PL, Mayer MPA. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of (3S)-Vestitol on Peritoneal Macrophages. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050553. [PMID: 35631379 PMCID: PMC9145271 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoflavone (3S)-vestitol, obtained from red propolis, has exhibited anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-caries activity; however, few manuscripts deal with its anti-inflammatory mechanisms in macrophages. The objective is to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of (3S)-vestitol on those cells. Peritoneal macrophages of C57BL6 mice, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, were treated with 0.37 to 0.59 µM of (3S)-vestitol for 48 h. Then, nitric oxide (NO) quantities, macrophages viability, the release of 20 cytokines and the transcription of several genes related to cytokine production and inflammatory response were evaluated. The Tukey–Kramer variance analysis test statistically analyzed the data. (3S)-vestitol 0.55 µM (V55) lowered NO release by 60% without altering cell viability and diminished IL-1β, IL-1α, G-CSF, IL-10 and GM-CSF levels. V55 reduced expression of Icam-1, Wnt5a and Mmp7 (associated to inflammation and tissue destruction in periodontitis) and Scd1, Scd2, Egf1 (correlated to atherosclerosis). V55 increased expression of Socs3 and Dab2 genes (inhibitors of cytokine signaling and NF-κB pathway), Apoe (associated to atherosclerosis control), Igf1 (encoder a protein with analogous effects to insulin) and Fgf10 (fibroblasts growth factor). (3S)-vestitol anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve cytokines and NF-κB pathway inhibition. Moreover, (3S)-vestitol may be a candidate for future in vivo investigations about the treatment/prevention of persistent inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (M.R.B.); (D.K.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuela Rocha Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (M.R.B.); (D.K.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (M.R.B.); (D.K.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Renato C. Casarin
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (R.C.C.); (P.L.R.)
| | | | - Severino Matias Alencar
- College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ/USP), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (R.C.C.); (P.L.R.)
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (M.R.B.); (D.K.); (M.P.A.M.)
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Zhang W, Liu C, Li J, Lu Y, Li H, Zhuang J, Ren X, Wang M, Sun C. Tanshinone IIA: New Perspective on the Anti-Tumor Mechanism of A Traditional Natural Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:209-239. [PMID: 34983327 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The search for natural and efficacious antineoplastic drugs, with minimal toxicity and side effects, is an important part of antitumor drug research and development. Tanshinone IIA is the most evaluated lipophilic active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Tanshinone IIA is a path-breaking traditional drug applied in cardiovascular treatment. It has also been found that tanshinone IIA plays an important role in the digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems, as well as in other tumor diseases. Tanshinone IIA significantly inhibits the proliferation of several types of tumors, blocks the cell cycle, induces apoptosis and autophagic death, in addition to inhibiting cell migration and invasion. Among these, the regulation of tumor-cell apoptosis signaling pathways is the key breakthrough point in several modes of antitumor therapy. The PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling pathway and the JNK pathway are the key pathways for tanshinone IIA to induce tumor cell apoptosis. In addition to glycolysis, reactive oxygen species and signal transduction all play an active role with the participation of tanshinone IIA. Endogenous apoptosis is considered the main mechanism of tumor apoptosis induced by tanshinone IIA. Multiple pathways and targets play a role in the process of endogenous apoptosis. Tanshinone IIA can protect chemotherapy drugs, which is mainly reflected in the protection of the side effects of chemotherapy drugs, such as neurotoxicity and inhibition of the hematopoietic system. Tanshinone IIA also has a certain regulatory effect on tumor angiogenesis, which is mainly manifested in the control of hypoxia. Our findings indicated that tanshinone IIA is an effective treatment agent in the cardiovascular field and plays a significant role in antitumor therapeutics. This paper reviews the pharmacological potential and inhibitory effect of tanshinone IIA on cancer. It is greatly anticipated that tanshinone IIA will be employed as an adjuvant in the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, P. R. China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong 266000, P. R. China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ren
- Clinical Medical Colleges, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Clinical Medical Colleges, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P. R. China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P. R. China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Salviolone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Roots Impairs Cell Cycle Progression, Colony Formation, and Metalloproteinase-2 Activity in A375 Melanoma Cells: Involvement of P21(Cip1/Waf1) Expression and STAT3 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031121. [PMID: 35163058 PMCID: PMC8835475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly malignant solid tumor characterized by an elevated growth and propagation rate. Since, often, melanoma treatment cannot prevent recurrences and the appearance of metastasis, new anti-melanoma agents need to be discovered. Salvia miltiorrhiza roots are a source of diterpenoid derivatives, natural compounds with several biological activities, including antiproliferative and anticancer effects. Seven diterpenoid derivatives were purified from S. miltiorrhiza roots and identified by NMR and MS analysis. Tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone were detected as the main components of S. miltiorrhiza root ethanol extract. Although their antitumor activity is already known, they have been confirmed to induce a reduction in A375 and MeWo melanoma cell growth. Likewise, salviolone has been shown to impair the viability of melanoma cells without affecting the growth of normal melanocytes. The underlying anticancer activity of salviolone has been investigated and compared to that of cryptotanshinone in A375 cells, showing an increased P21 protein expression in a P53-dependent manner. In that way, salviolone, even more than cryptotanshinone, displays a multitarget effect on cell-cycle-related proteins. Besides, it modulates the phosphorylation level of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3. Unexpectedly, salviolone and cryptotanshinone induce sustained activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and the protein kinase B (Akt). However, the blockage of ERK1/2 or Akt activities suggests that kinase activation does not hinder their ability to inhibit A375 cell growth. Finally, salviolone and cryptotanshinone inhibit to a comparable extent some crucial malignancy features of A375 melanoma cells, such as colony formation in soft agar and metalloproteinase-2 activity. In conclusion, it has been shown for the first time that salviolone, harboring a different molecular structure than tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone, exhibits a pleiotropic effect against melanoma by hampering cell cycle progression, STAT3 signaling, and malignant phenotype of A375 melanoma cells.
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Liao HH, Livneh H, Chung YJ, Lin CH, Lai NS, Yen HR, Tsai TY. A Comparison of the Risk of Fracture in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with and without Receiving Chinese Herbal Medicine. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:3399-3409. [PMID: 34934326 PMCID: PMC8684401 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s334134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often suffer from bone complications due to persistent joint inflammation, especially incident fracture. Nowadays, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have provided safe and effective therapy for treating skeletal conditions, but it is unclear whether CHMs can prevent fracture onset among RA individuals. This study aimed to determine the association between the use of CHMs and the risk of fracture among them. Methods This retrospective, population-based study retrieved administrative health data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) database to identify patients with newly diagnosed RA between 2000 and 2009. Of the 6178 incident RA patients, 2495 matched pairs of CHMs users and non-CHMs users were identified by propensity score matching. Enrollees with hip fractures prior to RA onset were excluded. Included subjects were followed until the end of 2013. Incidence and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of new-onset bone fracture in the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were measured with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Fracture incidence was lower in CHMs users than in the comparison cohort (26.91 vs 32.94 per 1000 person-years, respectively), with an adjusted HR of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73-0.92). Subjects receiving CHMs for more than 2 years had a much lower risk of fracture onset by more than 50%. Some CHMs prescriptions (Yan Hu Suo, Bei Mu, Da Huang, Dang Shen, Fu-Zi, Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang, Dang-Gui-Nian-Tong-Tang, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Gan-Lu-Yin, and Gui-Zhi-Shao-Yao-Zhi-Mu-Tang) were associated with reduced fracture risk. Conclusion Adding CHMs to routine treatment was found to be related to lower fracture risk in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Hsun Liao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin Township, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 62247, Taiwan
| | - Hanoch Livneh
- Rehabilitation Counseling Program, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, USA
| | - Yu-Jung Chung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin Township, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsing Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sheng Lai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Yi Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 62247, Taiwan.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan
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11
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Li XX, Yuan R, Wang QQ, Han S, Liu Z, Xu Q, Yang S, Gao H. Rotundic acid reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury in vitro and in vivo through regulating TLR4 dimer. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4485-4498. [PMID: 33977594 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious clinical disease. Rotundic acid (RA), a natural ingredient isolated from Ilex rotunda Thunb, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities. However, RA's therapeutic effect and mechanism on ALI remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to further clarify its regulating effects on inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that RA significantly inhibited the overproduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). RA decreased ROS production and calcium influx. In addition, RA inhibited the activation of PI3K, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways and enhanced the activity of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. The cellular thermal shift assay and docking results indicated that RA bind to TLR4 to block TLR4 dimerization. Furthermore, RA pretreatment effectively inhibited ear edema induced by xylene and LPS-induced endotoxin death and had a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI. Our findings collectively indicated that RA has anti-inflammatory effects, which may serve as a potential therapeutic option for pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, China
| | - Renyikun Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin-Qin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, China
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12
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Wang NN, Xu HH, Zhou W, Yang HX, Wang J, Ma ZC, Gao Y. Aconitine attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction of cardiomyocytes via promoting deacetylation of cyclophilin-D mediated by sirtuin-3. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113765. [PMID: 33418031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconite is a processed product of seminal root of perennial herbaceous plant Aconitum Carmichaclii Debx. of Ranunculaceae. It has the effects of warming and tonifying heart yang and restoring yang to save from collapse. Aconitine is the main effective constituent of aconite and used to prevent and treat heart disease. However, how aconitine exerts myocardial protection is still poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the effects of aconitine on mitochondrial dysfunction and explore its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model of myocardial injury was induced by Angiotensin II (Ang II) (1 × 10-6 mol L-1), and H9c2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of aconitine. The effect of aconitine on mitochondrial was determined by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, luciferase, Seahorse technique and Western blot. The effects of aconitine on sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) activity and Cyclophilin D (CypD) acetylation were detected by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We demonstrate that aconitine alleviates the energy metabolic dysfunction of H9c2 cells by activating Sirt3 to deacetylate CypD and inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. In cardiomyocytes, aconitine significantly reduced mitochondrial fragmentation, inhibited acetylation of CypD, suppressed the mPTP opening, mitigated mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders, and improved the synthesis ability of ATP. In contrast, Sirt3 deficiency abolished the effects of aconitine on mPTP and OXPHOS, indicating that aconitine improves mitochondrial function by activating Sirt3. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that aconitine attenuated the energy metabolism disorder by promoting Sirt3 expression and reducing CypD-mediated mPTP excess openness, rescuing mitochondrial function. Improve mitochondrial function may be a therapeutic approach for treating heart disease, which will generate fresh insight into the cardioprotective of aconitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huan-Hua Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hong-Xing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zeng-Chun Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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13
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Raisi A, Dezfoulian O, Davoodi F, Taheri S, Ghahremani SA. Salvia miltiorrhiza hydroalcoholic extract inhibits postoperative peritoneal adhesions in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:126. [PMID: 33879143 PMCID: PMC8056503 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most prevalent postoperative complications is believed to be intra-abdominal peritoneal adhesions, which is followed by several complications. Several adhesion prevention products have been examined, yet none of them were found to be completely effective. The current research is conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza hydroalcoholic extract in inhibiting postoperative peritoneal adhesions in rats. Methods Forty rats were randomly classified into five equal groups (n = 8): 1) the normal group did not undergo surgical operations, 2) the control group in which the adhesion was induced, and which did not receive any treatment, 3) distilled water group that received distilled water, and 4,5) treatment groups treated with 1 and 5% of Salvia miltiorrhiza hydroalcoholic extract. The rats were euthanized 14 days following the surgery and the macroscopic score, the microscopic score of granulomatous inflammation and granulation tissue formation, IHC markers (vimentin, CD31, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS), and oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, GPx, CAT, and TAC) were assessed in the experimental groups of the study. Results The difference between the control group and other groups for the adhesions macroscopic score, microscopic score, IHC markers, and oxidative stress biomarkers was significant (p < 0.05). Distilled water had no protective effect on the formation of peritoneal adhesions. Salvia miltiorrhiza treatment in two different doses significantly reduced macroscopic and microscopic scores, MDA concentration, Vimentin, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The levels of GPx, CAT, and TAC in the treatment groups increased significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Our findings revealed that a higher dose of Salvia miltiorrhiza was more effective in reducing peritoneal adhesions, proinflammatory and mesenchymal cell markers, and oxidative stress. Conclusions Salvia miltiorrhiza extract, owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, could effectively reduce peritoneal adhesions. Therefore, Salvia miltiorrhiza is recommended to be used as an effective anti-peritoneal post-operative adhesive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Raisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Omid Dezfoulian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Farshid Davoodi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shayan Taheri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Soroush Afshar Ghahremani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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14
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Cui Y, Gao H, Han S, Yuan R, He J, Zhuo Y, Feng YL, Tang M, Feng J, Yang S. Oleuropein Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury In Vitro and In Vivo by Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 4 Dimerization. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:617314. [PMID: 33841147 PMCID: PMC8024564 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.617314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common critical illness that involves multiple systems and multiple organs with a rapid decline in kidney function over short period. It has a high mortality rate and presents a great treatment challenge for physicians. Oleuropein, the main active constituent of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. var. kwangsiensis Hand.-Mazz. displays significant anti-inflammatory activity, although oleuropein’s therapeutic effect and mechanism of action in AKI remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to further clarify the mechanism by which oleuropein exerts effects on inflammation in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the inflammatory effect and mechanism were investigated through ELISA, Western blotting, the thermal shift assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence staining. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute kidney injury was employed in an animal model to investigate oleuropein’s therapeutic effect on AKI and mechanism in vivo. The underlying mechanisms were investigated by Western blot analysis of kidney tissue. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, our data demonstrated that oleuropein significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators like NO, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2. Moreover, oleuropein inhibited NF-κB/p65 translocation, and had a negative regulatory effect on key proteins in the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. In addition, the thermal shift and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that oleuropein played an essential role in binding to the active sites of TLR4, as well as inhibiting TLR4 dimerization and suppressing the binding of TLR4 to MyD88. Oleuropein markedly alleviated LPS induced acute kidney injury, decreased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and proinflammatory cytokines. More importantly, the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathways were confirmed to play an important role in the oleuropein treatment of AKI. In this study, oleuropein exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory effects by regulating TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK axis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting oleuropein as a candidate molecule for treating AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushun Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, China
| | - Renyikun Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia He
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, China
| | - Youqiong Zhuo
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, China
| | - Yu-Lin Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
| | - Meiwen Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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15
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Ma Y, Cui G, Chen T, Ma X, Wang R, Jin B, Yang J, Kang L, Tang J, Lai C, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Shen Y, Zeng W, Peters RJ, Qi X, Guo J, Huang L. Expansion within the CYP71D subfamily drives the heterocyclization of tanshinones synthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Nat Commun 2021; 12:685. [PMID: 33514704 PMCID: PMC7846762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinones are the bioactive nor-diterpenoid constituents of the Chinese medicinal herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza). These groups of chemicals have the characteristic furan D-ring, which differentiates them from the phenolic abietane-type diterpenoids frequently found in the Lamiaceae family. However, how the 14,16-epoxy is formed has not been elucidated. Here, we report an improved genome assembly of Danshen using a highly homozygous genotype. We identify a cytochrome P450 (CYP71D) tandem gene array through gene expansion analysis. We show that CYP71D373 and CYP71D375 catalyze hydroxylation at carbon-16 (C16) and 14,16-ether (hetero)cyclization to form the D-ring, whereas CYP71D411 catalyzes upstream hydroxylation at C20. In addition, we discover a large biosynthetic gene cluster associated with tanshinone production. Collinearity analysis indicates a more specific origin of tanshinones in Salvia genus. It illustrates the evolutionary origin of abietane-type diterpenoids and those with a furan D-ring in Lamiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ruishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Dep. of Biochem., Biophys. & Mol. Biol., Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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16
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Gao H, Kang N, Hu C, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Liu Y, Yang S. Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo by modulating toll-like receptor 4 dimerization and NF-kB/MAPKs signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 69:153197. [PMID: 32146298 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Ginsenoside Rb1, the main active constituent of Panax ginseng, displays significant anti-inflammatory activity, although the mechanism has not been clearly unraveled. In this study, Rb1's mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects were investigated. METHODS The flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were empolyed to detect pro-inflammatory cytokines release. The related protein and gene expression was investigated by western blotting and qRT-PCR. The dimerization of TLR4 was measured by co-immunoprecipitation and molecular docking assays. Cellular thermal shift assay was used for the determination of the binding of Rb1 and TLR4. For animal moldels, LPS- or cantharidin-induced acute kidney injury, LPS-induced septic death, and dimethyl benzene-induced ear edema were employed to investigate Rb1's anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. RESULTS Rb1 significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines release in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and BMDMs, as well as COX-2 and iNOS amounts. Rb1 reduced LPS-associated calcium influx, ROS production, and NO generation. The NF-κB and MAPK axes participated in Rb1's anti-inflammatory effects. Molecular docking simulation indicated Rb1 bound to TLR4 to prevent TLR4 dimerization, as confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and cellular thermal shift assay. Furthermore, MyD88 recruitment and TAK1 expression were altered by reduced TLR4 dimerization, indicating the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathways contributed to Rb1's anti-inflammatory process. In animal models, Rb1 markedly alleviated LPS- or cantharidin-induced acute kidney injury, rescued LPS-induced septic mice from death, and inhibited dimethyl benzene-induced mouse ear edema. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings demonstrate Rb1 exhibits marked anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting Rb1 represents an optimal molecule for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Naixin Kang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
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17
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A high-throughput method for dereplication and assessment of metabolite distribution in Salvia species using LC-MS/MS. J Adv Res 2020; 24:79-90. [PMID: 32211205 PMCID: PMC7082496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dereplication of crude plant extracts through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is a powerful technique for the discovery of novel natural products. Unfortunately, this technique is often plagued by a low level of confidence in natural product identification. This is mainly due to the lack of extensive chromatographic and mass spectrometric optimizations that result in improper and incomplete MS/MS fragmentation data. This study proposes a solution to this problem by the optimization of chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry parameters. We report herein a direct and high-throughput strategy for natural product dereplication in five Salvia species using high-resolution ESI-QTOF-MS/MS data. In the present study, we were able to identify a total of forty-seven natural products in crude extracts of five Salvia species using MS/MS fragmentation data. In addition to dereplication of Salvia species, quantitative profiling of twenty-one bioactive constituents of the genus was also performed on an ion trap mass spectrometer. For the quantitation study, method development focused on chromatographic optimizations to achieve maximum sensitivity. The developed dereplication and quantitation strategy can be extended to develop comprehensive metabolic profiles of other plant genera and species and thus can prove useful in the field of drug discovery from plants.
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18
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Li XX, Zheng X, Liu Z, Xu Q, Tang H, Feng J, Yang S, Vong CT, Gao H, Wang Y. Cryptotanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) inhibited inflammatory responses via TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. Chin Med 2020; 15:20. [PMID: 32158495 PMCID: PMC7053069 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptotanshinone (CPT), as a major component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), displays many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activities of CPT remain to be elucidated. The present study was aimed to clarify its mechanisms on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in mouse macrophages, RAW264.7 cells. Methods In the current study, the anti-inflammatory properties of CPT were evaluated using LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell model. MTT assay was used to determine the viability of RAW264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of CPT were measured based on the detection of nitric oxide (NO) production (Griess and flow cytometry assay), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release (ELISA). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme expressions were also determined by western blotting. Besides, by using flow cytometry, we also evaluated the effect of CPT on LPS-induced calcium influx. Finally, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CPT were investigated using western blotting to assess the protein levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Results Our data showed that CPT inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release like IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as NO production. It displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the protein expressions such as iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB pathway like inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK)α/β, inhibitor of kappa B (IκB)-α and NF-κB/p65, PI3K/AKT pathway like PI3K and AKT, and MAPK pathway like c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and p38, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the immunofluorescence results indicated that CPT suppressed NF-κB/p65 translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Further investigations showed that CPT treatment increased NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions together with its upstream mediator, Nrf2. In addition, CPT inhibited LPS-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MyD88 expressions in RAW264.7 macrophages. Conclusions Collectively, we suggested that CPT exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects via modulating TLR4-MyD88/PI3K/Nrf2 and TLR4-MyD88/NF-κB/MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Li
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- 3State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 1050, N22 Research Building, Macao, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,4College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Hongzhen Tang
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Shilin Yang
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- 3State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 1050, N22 Research Building, Macao, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Yitao Wang
- 3State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 1050, N22 Research Building, Macao, China
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Induction of an MLKL mediated non-canonical necroptosis through reactive oxygen species by tanshinol A in lung cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 171:113684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wang Y, Zhang D. Tanshinol inhibits growth of malignant melanoma cells via regulating miR-1207-5p/CHPF pathway. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 312:373-383. [PMID: 31828417 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinol possesses anti-tumor activity in melanoma both in vitro and in vivo, and miR-1207-5p is involved in tumor progression in melanoma. However, whether miR-1207-5p can be affected by tanshinol treatment in melanoma is not clear. The expression levels of miR-1207-5p were detected by RT-qPCR. The validation of the direct target of miR-1207-5p was through dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blotting assay. The cell viability rate was determined using MTT assay and colony formation assay. The cell mobility was assessed using Transwell migration/invasion assay. Downregulation of miR-1207-5p was found in melanoma cell lines and tissues and was associated with tumor stages, presence of ulceration, lymph node metastasis, and poor overall survival rate of melanoma patients. Tanshinol treatment and miR-1207-5p overexpression suppressed melanoma cell growth and cell mobility. Chondroitin polymerizing factor (CHPF) is a direct target of miR-1207-5p. Tanshinol exerted anti-tumor activity to melanoma through the regulation of miR-1207-5p/CHPF signaling. Our study highlighted the potential therapeutic application of tanshinol and miR-1207-5p as a supplement to enhance the effect of the traditional cancer treatment methods against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No. 4138 Linglongshan South Road, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No. 4138 Linglongshan South Road, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China.
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He J, Han S, Li XX, Wang QQ, Cui Y, Chen Y, Gao H, Huang L, Yang S. Diethyl Blechnic Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Activity via the TLR4/MyD88 Signaling Pathway in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244502. [PMID: 31835323 PMCID: PMC6943418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common pathogenesis in many diseases. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been considered to have good anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of diethyl blechnic (DB), a novel compound isolated from Danshen, and its possible mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that DB can inhibit the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In addition, the results of the flow cytometry assay and the fluorometric intracellular ROS kit assay indicated that DB reduced the generation of ROS in LPS-stimualted RAW264.7 cells. DB reversed the LPS-induced loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, DB suppressed the LPS-stimulated increased expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88) and phosphorylation of TAK1, PI3K, and AKT. DB promoted NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus, increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) and reduced the expression of Keap1. In summary, DB may inhibit LPS-induced inflammation, which mainly occurs through TLR4/MyD88 and oxidative stress signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.-X.L.); (Q.-Q.W.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.)
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.-X.L.); (Q.-Q.W.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.)
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xin-Xing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.-X.L.); (Q.-Q.W.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.)
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Qin-Qin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.-X.L.); (Q.-Q.W.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.)
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yushun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China;
| | - Yangling Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.-X.L.); (Q.-Q.W.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.)
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.-X.L.); (Q.-Q.W.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.)
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530200, China
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (L.H.); Tel.: +86-13878876311 (H.G.); +86-15277171950 (L.H.); Fax: +86-771-4953513 (H.G & L.H.)
| | - Liting Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.-X.L.); (Q.-Q.W.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.)
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530200, China
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (L.H.); Tel.: +86-13878876311 (H.G.); +86-15277171950 (L.H.); Fax: +86-771-4953513 (H.G & L.H.)
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.-X.L.); (Q.-Q.W.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.)
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530200, China
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Wound Healing and the Use of Medicinal Plants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2684108. [PMID: 31662773 PMCID: PMC6778887 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2684108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. It is generally accepted that cutaneous wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (reepithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating “granulation tissue” rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including nonhealing, or chronic ulceration. Indigenous and traditional medicines make extensive use of natural products and derivatives of natural products and provide more than half of all medicines consumed today throughout the world. Recognising the important role traditional medicine continues to play, we have undertaken an extensive survey of literature reporting the use of medical plants and plant-based products for cutaneous wounds. We describe the active ingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses, formulations, methods of preparation, and clinical value of 36 medical plant species. Several species stand out, including Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, and Paeonia suffruticosa, which are popular wound healing products used by several cultures and ethnic groups. The popularity and evidence of continued use clearly indicates that there are still lessons to be learned from traditional practices. Hidden in the myriad of natural products and derivatives from natural products are undescribed reagents, unexplored combinations, and adjunct compounds that could have a place in the contemporary therapeutic inventory.
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Kang N, Yuan R, Huang L, Liu Z, Huang D, Huang L, Gao H, Liu Y, Xu QM, Yang S. Atypical Nitrogen-Containing Flavonoid in the Fruits of Cumin ( Cuminum cyminum L.) with Anti-inflammatory Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8339-8347. [PMID: 31291543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The dried seeds of Cuminum cyminum L. have been traditionally used as food and medicine. To explore its chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity, four new compounds (1-4) along with five known compounds (5-9) were isolated from the seeds in the present study. The chemical structures of the new compounds were identified as follows: methyl 3-((7H-purin-2-yl) amino)-3-(4-isopropylphenyl) propanoate (1), 8-(amino(4-isopropylphenyl)methyl)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4-oxo-4H-chromene-6-carboxylic acid (2), (3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((4-isopropylbenzyl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (E)-3-(4-propoxyphenyl)acrylate (3), and (3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoate (4). Compound 2, an atypical nitrogen-containing flavonoid, exhibited the most active inhibitory effect on nitride oxide, with IC50 of 5.25 μM in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cell assay. Compound 2 was found to suppress the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, it was revealed that both nuclear factor κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase were involved in the anti-inflammatory process of compound 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Kang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Renyikun Yuan
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment , Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Huang
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Huang
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment , Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330004 , People's Republic of China
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In silico comparative molecular docking analysis and analysis of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of tanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1131-1140. [PMID: 31316608 PMCID: PMC6601134 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinones are a class of abietane diterpene compounds extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and have been used for medical purposes in traditional Chinese medicinal practices. This herb has been used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), breast cancer and inflammatory disorders. This study examined the anti-inflammatory properties of tanshinones. In addition, lipid-soluble compounds which were specific to Tanshinone class were also highlighted, out of which two compounds, dihydrotanshinone I and cryptotanshinone were selected with the aim of creating a new research perspective in order to further elucidate the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Moreover, interaction analyses were carried out successfully to determine the interactions formed between both dihdrotanshinone I and cryptotanshinone, and target proteins. The bioactivity properties and various other pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses discerned that crytptotanshinone was more effective dihydrotanshinone and more 'drug-like' than its counterpart. It was found to have a better solubility and permeability, and thus has potential for use as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Ma L, Luo S, Zhou L, Zhao Z, Li Q, Xu L, Gong B, Qi W, Zhou T, Yang X, Gao G, Mei W, Yang Z. TanshinoneⅡA phenanthroimidazole derivative polarizes macrophage to improve metabolic homeostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:861-867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Salvia sagittata Ethanolic Extract on Primary Cultures of Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6829173. [PMID: 31210845 PMCID: PMC6532285 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6829173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to study the effects of an ethanolic extract of Salvia sagittata Ruiz & Pav (SSEE), an endemic Ecuadorian plant traditionally used to treat inflammation and different intestinal affections, on primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs). pAECs were cultured in the presence of different concentrations (1-200 μg/mL) of SSEE for 24 h, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT assay. SSEE did not negatively affect cellular viability at any concentration tested. Cell cycle was analyzed and no significant change was observed. Then, the anti-inflammatory effects of SSEE on pAECs were analyzed using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the inflammatory stimulus. Different markers involved in the inflammatory process, such as cytokines and protective molecules, were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. SSEE showed the ability to restore pAEC physiological conditions reducing interleukin-6 and increasing Heme Oxygenase-1 protein levels. The phytochemical composition of SSEE was also evaluated via HPLC-DAD and spectrophotometric assays. The presence of different phenolic acids and flavonoids was revealed, with rosmarinic acid as the most abundant component. SSEE possesses an interesting antioxidant activity, as assessed through both the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. In conclusion, results suggest that SSEE is endowed with an in vitro anti-inflammatory effect. This represents the initial step in finding a possible scientific support for the traditional therapeutic use of this plant.
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Chen X, Yu J, Zhong B, Lu J, Lu JJ, Li S, Lu Y. Pharmacological activities of dihydrotanshinone I, a natural product from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104254. [PMID: 31054311 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), a famous traditional Chinese herb, has been used clinically for the treatment of various diseases for centuries. Document data showed that tanshinones, a class of lipophilic abietane diterpenes rich in this herb, possess multiple biological effects in vitro and in vivo models. Among which, 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I (DHT) has received much attention in recent years. In this systematical review, we carefully selected, analyzed, and summarized high-quality publications related to pharmacological effects and the underlying mechanisms of DHT. DHT has anti-cancer, cardiovascular protective, anti-inflammation, anti-Alzheimer's disease, and other effects. Furthermore, several molecules such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), human antigen R (HuR), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), etc. have been identified as the potential targets for DHT. The diverse pharmacological activities of DHT provide scientific evidence for the local and traditional uses of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. We concluded that DHT might serve as a lead compound for drug discovery in related diseases while further in-depth investigations are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Bingling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shaojing Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Danshen Formulae for Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of High-Quality Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2310639. [PMID: 31061667 PMCID: PMC6466905 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2310639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases to human life and there is no radical cure for it. In this paper, we compiled quantities of case history to evaluate the current available evidence of herbal Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, RSM) formulae for the treatment of cancer by means of the high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods English and Chinese electronic databases were searched from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP database, Wanfang database until September 2018. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by using the method of Cocharne evidence-based medicine system evaluation, the quality was evaluated by screening the literature that met the requirements, and the Review Manager 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs was used to estimate the correlation between Danshen formulae and therapeutic effects. Results Thirteen RCTs with 1045 participants were identified. The studies investigated the lung cancer (n = 5), leukemia (n = 3), liver cancer (n = 3), breast or colon cancer (n = 1), and gastric cancer (n = 1). A total of 83 traditional Chinese medicines were used in all prescriptions and there were 3 different dosage forms. Meta-analysis suggested that Danshen formulae had a significant effect on RR (response rate) (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.66-3.42), 1-year survival (OR 1.70 95% CI 1.22-2.36), 3-year survival (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.62-4.78), and 5-year survival (OR 8.45, 95% CI 2.53-28.27). Conclusion The current research results showed that Danshen formulae combined with chemotherapy for cancer treatment was better than conventional drug treatment plan alone.
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Yuan R, Huang L, Du LJ, Feng JF, Li J, Luo YY, Xu QM, Yang SL, Gao H, Feng YL. Dihydrotanshinone exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo through blocking TLR4 dimerization. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:102-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Brahmi-Chendouh N, Piccolella S, Crescente G, Pacifico F, Boulekbache L, Hamri-Zeghichi S, Akkal S, Madani K, Pacifico S. A nutraceutical extract from Inula viscosa leaves: UHPLC-HR-MS/MS based polyphenol profile, and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:692-702. [PMID: 31324285 PMCID: PMC9307043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, advanced extraction techniques and highly sensitive metabolic profiling methods are effectively employed to get new information on plant chemical constituents. Among them wild medicinal plants or their parts, with large and ancient use in folk medicine, are investigated for their potential functional use and cultivation. In this context, Inula viscosa leaves engaged our attention. A simple experimental design, based on Soxhlet extraction and chromatographic fractionation, allowed us to obtain the investigated polyphenol fraction (IvE). UHPLC-HRMS analyses revealed shikimoyl depsides of caffeic acid and unusual dihydrobenzofuran lignans as main secondary metabolites. These compounds, together with cinchonain-type phenols, and hydroxycinnamoyl flavonol glycosides, are reported for the first time in inula. Overall, forty-three secondary metabolites were identified. The extract exerted a remarkable antiradical activity towards DPPH• and ABTS+•. Furthermore, it was able to inhibit cell viability and mitochondrial redox activity of neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma and colon carcinoma cells, whereas it did not affect cell density of HaCaT cells immortalized human keratinocytes. As detected by the oxidant-sensing probe 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, the inhibitory responses seemed to be related to IvE-induced increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The obtained results highlighted that inula leaves, nowadays even undervalued and unexplored, could be considered a renewable source of nutraceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Brahmi-Chendouh
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy; Laboratory of 3BS, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Crescente
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Lila Boulekbache
- Laboratory of 3BS, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Sabrina Hamri-Zeghichi
- Laboratory of 3BS, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Salah Akkal
- Valorization of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules and Biological Analysis Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Khodir Madani
- Laboratory of 3BS, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy.
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Salvia miltiorrhiza protects against diabetic nephropathy through metabolome regulation and wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:26-40. [PMID: 30395946 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of diabetes that is caused by uncontrolled high blood sugar. It has been reported that Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) possesses the ability to prevent kidney damage, although the mechanisms remain unclear. The study was to investigate whether and how SM improved DN injury via regulation of metabolome and the molecular mechanisms. In this study, SD rats were fed a high glucose / high fat diet accompanied by 0.5% glucose water. Three weeks later, the rats were given one intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg STZ each day for three days for DN model. The biochemical indicators and metabolomics of plasma, urine and renal tissue were analyzed. Then the western blotting analysis of renal tissue and glomerular mesangial cells were investigated. The results showed that Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts improved the renal injury and regulation of abnormal glycolipid metabolism. The metabolites in serum, urine and renal tissues have been changed significantly. The involved metabolic pathways mainly include phospholipid, arachidonic acid, and pyrimidine metabolisms. Meanwhile, SM inhibited the relative expression levels of wnt4, β-catenin and TGF-β in renal tissue and high-glucose induced glomerular mesangial cells.
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Wang H, Su X, Fang J, Xin X, Zhao X, Gaur U, Wen Q, Xu J, Little PJ, Zheng W. Tanshinone IIA Attenuates Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 -Induced Cell Proliferation in PC12 Cells through the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092719. [PMID: 30213025 PMCID: PMC6165471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R) facilitate tumor proliferation and progression. Tanshinone IIA (TSN) is an active diterpene quinone isolated from the roots of the herbal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. TSN inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells but its role in the IGF-1R-induced proliferation of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and the potential mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of TSN in PC12 cells and its role on IGF-1R signaling transduction. PC12 cells were treated with IGF-1 with or without TSN, methyl thiazolytetrazolium (MTT) assay, and cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the proliferation of PC12 cells. The role of TSN on the apoptosis of PC12 cells were detected by flow cytometry as well. The effects of TSN and IGF-1 on the phosphorylation of IGF-1R, protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular-signal related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and other downstream targets were analyzed by Western blotting analysis. Our results showed that IGF-1 promoted the growth of PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the phosphorylation of IGF-1R, whereas TSN attenuated the effect of IGF-1. Interestingly, TSN did not induce cell apoptosis in PC12 cells. Moreover, TSN attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 induced by IGF-1, and the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) and c-Raf were also inhibited by TSN. Furthermore, TSN inhibited cell growth induced by IGF-1 and blocked the activation of IGF-1R in SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, TSN has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of PC12 cells via down-regulation of the phosphorylated IGF-1R and its downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sothern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Xiaoying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.).
| | - Jiankang Fang
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Xingan Xin
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Qiang Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.).
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sothern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
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Zacharie B, Abbott SD, Duceppe J, Gagnon L, Grouix B, Geerts L, Gervais L, Sarra‐Bournet F, Perron V, Wilb N, Penney CL, Laurin P. Design and Synthesis of New 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Triazines for the Treatment of Cancer and Inflammation. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:737-749. [PMID: 30258746 PMCID: PMC6148406 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight synthetic molecules 1 with the general 2-(fluorophenylamino)-4,6-disubstituted 1,3,5-triazine structure and showing anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities were explored. Structure-activity relationship studies demonstrated the importance of the aminopentyl chain, the 3- or 4-fluorophenylaniline component, and the presence of at least one substituent, such as a tyramine moiety, attached directly to the triazine ring as essential for good activity. These compounds, represented by leads 4-{2-[4-(5-Aminopentylamino)-6-(3-fluorophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino]ethyl}phenol (6) and 4-{2-[4-(5-Aminopentylamino)-6-(4-fluorophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino]ethyl}phenol (10), displayed moderate and significant in vitro and in vivo dual activities, respectively, and address the molecular link between inflammation and cancer. Compound 10 demonstrated significant antitumor efficacy upon administration by the oral and intravenous routes in several animal models. This class of triazine compounds is new, safe, and nontoxic and offers a novel approach to the treatment of inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boulos Zacharie
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Shaun D. Abbott
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Jean‐Simon Duceppe
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Lyne Gagnon
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Brigitte Grouix
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Lilianne Geerts
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Liette Gervais
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | | | - Valérie Perron
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Nicole Wilb
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Christopher L. Penney
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
| | - Pierre Laurin
- Prometic Biosciences Inc.500 boul. Cartier Ouest, Bureau 150LavalQuébecH7V 5B7Canada
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Yu J, Gao H, Wu C, Xu QM, Lu JJ, Chen X. Diethyl Blechnic, a Novel Natural Product Isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting ROS and Activating JNK1/2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061809. [PMID: 29921821 PMCID: PMC6032151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used antineoplastic agent in clinics. However, its clinical application is largely limited by its cardiotoxicity. Diethyl blechnic (DB) is a novel compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Here, we study the effect of DB on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms. Cellular viability was tested by 3-[-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and protein level was evaluated by Western blotting. 5,5’,6,6’-tetrachloro-1,1’,3,3’-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining was performed to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Hoechst 33342 staining and TUNEL staining was performed to test the apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was investigated by using flow cytometry. DB significantly inhibited DOX-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and primary cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, DB decreased cell apoptotic morphological changes and reversed the mitochondrial membrane potential induced by DOX. Meanwhile, pre-treatment with DB increased the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xl), and survivin and reduced the expression levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), p-p53, cytochrome c (cyt c), and cleaved-caspase 3, 7, 8, 9 in the protein levels in DOX-treated H9c2 cells. Furthermore, DB suppressed ROS generation. The DB-mediated protective effects were accompanied by increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase1/2 (JNK1/2) expression. In addition, SP600125, the inhibitor of JNK1/2, abolished the protective effect of DB. We concluded that DB protected cardiomyocytes against DOX-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting ROS and activating the JNK1/2 pathway. Therefore, DB is a promising candidate as a cardioprotective agent against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Hongwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
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Dihydronortanshinone, a natural product, alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response through NF-κB, mitochondrial ROS, and MAPK pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:1-8. [PMID: 29906494 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is considered to be the common pathophysiological basis for a series of diseases. Documented data showed the anti-inflammatory effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), a traditional herb. The pharmacological activities of dihydronortanshinone (DNT), a tanshinone isolated from Danshen, remain unknown. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of DNT were investigated with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage model. DNT significantly suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory mediators such as nitrite oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was inhibited by DNT, rotenone (Rot), thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), and antimycin A (AA). Furthermore, DNT inhibited LPS-induced NF-κBp65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, as well as JNK1/2 and p38MAPK phosphorylation. In addition, DNT interrupted Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dimerization and molecular docking results suggested that it was buried in the pocket of TLR4-MD2 complex. In conclusion, DNT inhibited LPS-induced inflammation mainly through NF-κB, mitochondrial ROS, and MAPK pathways possibly mediated by interfering LPS-TLR4-MD2 complex.
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36
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Gao H, Huang L, Ding F, Yang K, Feng Y, Tang H, Xu QM, Feng J, Yang S. Simultaneous purification of dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza and their anti-inflammatory activities investigation. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29855534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26828-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA are major lipid-soluble constituents isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). In the present study, a systematic method was developed to simultaneously isolate and purify those compounds using macroporous adsorption resins and semi-preparative HPLC with a dynamic axial compress (DAC) system. The Danshen extract (95% alcohol) was divided into three fractions using different concentrations of alcohol (0%, 45%, and 90%) on D101 column. The content of total tanshinones of 90% alcohol eluent (TTS) was over 97%. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of those samples were investigated on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and three animal models. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of TTS in vitro was superior to the one of any other sample including 0% and 45% eluent, and total tanshinones capsules. In addition, TTS exhibited a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than that of dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone I, respectively. For animal models, TTS could significantly suppress xylene-induced ear oedema and rescue LPS-induced septic death and acute kidney injury in mice. In summary, the separation process developed in the study was high-efficiency, economic, and low-contamination, which was fit to industrial producing. TTS is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Gao
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Liting Huang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Fang Ding
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Hongzhen Tang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
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37
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Simultaneous purification of dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza and their anti-inflammatory activities investigation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8460. [PMID: 29855534 PMCID: PMC5981213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA are major lipid-soluble constituents isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). In the present study, a systematic method was developed to simultaneously isolate and purify those compounds using macroporous adsorption resins and semi-preparative HPLC with a dynamic axial compress (DAC) system. The Danshen extract (95% alcohol) was divided into three fractions using different concentrations of alcohol (0%, 45%, and 90%) on D101 column. The content of total tanshinones of 90% alcohol eluent (TTS) was over 97%. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of those samples were investigated on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and three animal models. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of TTS in vitro was superior to the one of any other sample including 0% and 45% eluent, and total tanshinones capsules. In addition, TTS exhibited a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than that of dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone I, respectively. For animal models, TTS could significantly suppress xylene-induced ear oedema and rescue LPS-induced septic death and acute kidney injury in mice. In summary, the separation process developed in the study was high-efficiency, economic, and low-contamination, which was fit to industrial producing. TTS is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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38
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Buyanravjikh S, Han S, Lee S, Jeong AL, Ka HI, Park JY, Boldbaatar A, Lim JS, Lee MS, Yang Y. Cryptotanshinone inhibits IgE‑mediated degranulation through inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase and tyrosine‑protein kinase phosphorylation in mast cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1095-1103. [PMID: 29845271 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a type of chronic skin inflammation and one of the most common relapsing allergic diseases, which presents with a severe rash and itchy skin lesions. The pathogenesis of AD is primarily associated with hyper‑activated mast cells, which makes them an effective treatment target. After cross‑linking the antigen/immunoglobulin (Ig) E complex binds to its high affinity receptor FcεRl on the surface of mast cells. The cells subsequently secrete excessive pro‑inflammatory mediators, including histamine and cytokines, which lead to pruritus and immune cell infiltration in the skin lesions. The present study screened natural compounds that have an inhibitory effect on IgE/antigen‑mediated secretory activity. It was revealed that cryptotanshinone (CRT), a natural compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, had inhibitory effects on the IgE/antigen complex. The underlying mechanism by which CRT exerted an anti‑allergy/inflammatory function was investigated using rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL) cells for degranulation assays and a 1‑chloro‑2,4‑dinitrobenzene (DNCB)‑induced AD Balb/c mouse model for in vivo study. CRT effectively mitigated the secretion of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin 1β, as well as immune cell infiltration into skin lesions in a mouse model of AD‑like skin disease induced by dinitrochlorobenzene. The inhibitory effect of CRT on IgE‑mediated mast cell degranulation was mediated by the inhibition of tyrosine kinase‑dependent degranulation signalling pathways involving spleen tyrosine kinase and Lyn. The present study revealed CRT as an inhibitor of mast cell degranulation. Therefore, CRT may be considered for development as a therapeutic drug to treat IgE‑mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sora Han
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyi Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Lee Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Ka
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Ariundavaa Boldbaatar
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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Use of Chinese Medicine Reduces the Development of Cervical Cancer from Pap Smear-Diagnosed Cervical Dysplasia: A Case-Control Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2017:4082630. [PMID: 29456570 PMCID: PMC5804104 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4082630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Pap test diagnosed cervical dysplasia, which could recover to normal or progress to cervical cancer (CC), is an early stage of cell abnormality before CC. This case-control study analyzed the differences in the risk to develop CC between Chinese medicine (CM) users and nonusers among women who had ever been diagnosed as having cervical dysplasia. A total of 750 CC patients with a cervical dysplasia history were collected between 1998 and 2011 from National Health Insurance Research Database, and controls were women with cervical dysplasia history but did not develop CC. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for developing CC was assessed using multivariable logistic regression after adjusting for age, urbanization of residence, and occupation. The proportion of using CM among CC patients was lower than that among CC nonpatients, with an aOR of 0.8. By analyzing the relationship between CC development and the frequency of CM usage, the trend test revealed a significant decreasing trend for developing CC among high-frequency CM users. Moreover, the most frequently used single herb high-frequency was Rheum palmatum (Da-Huang). The usage of CM might be an effective complementary method to prevent uterine cervix from progressing to CC after cervical dysplasia has occurred.
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40
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Lan X, Deng K, Zhao J, Chen Y, Xin X, Liu Y, Khan IA, Yang S, Wang T, Xu Q. New Triterpenoid Saponins from Green Vegetable Soya Beans and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11065-11072. [PMID: 29183124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ten compounds were isolated and identified from green vegetable soya beans, of which five are new triterpenoid saponins (1-5) and five are known compounds (6-10). The chemical structures of the five triterpenoid saponins (1-5) were elucidated to be 3β,24-dihydroxy-22β,30-epoxy-30-oxoolean-12-en 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 1; 3β,24-dihydroxy-22β,30-epoxy-30-oxoolean-12-en 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-(3″-O-formyl)-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 2; 22-keto-3β,24-dihydroxy oleanane-12-ene 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-(3″-O-formyl)-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 3; 3β,22β,24-trihydroxy oxyolean-18(19)-ene-29-acid 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 4; and punicanolic acid 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 5 from the spectroscopic data (IR, GTC/FID, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR). The nitric oxide release inhibitions of compounds 1-10 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were evaluated, and the data suggested that compounds 1, 2, and 5 might possess moderate anti-inflammatory activities, with IC50 values of 18.8, 16.1, and 13.2 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Lan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kejun Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xuhui Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Shilin Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Taoyun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Chemical, Biological and Material Engineering, Suzhou Science and Technology University , Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
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Kyungheechunggan-Tang-01, a New Herbal Medication, Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses through JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7383104. [PMID: 29348772 PMCID: PMC5733936 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7383104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used as alternative therapeutic tools to alleviate inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory properties of Kyungheechunggan-tang- (KCT-) 01, KCT-02, and Injinchunggan-tang (IJCGT) as newly developed decoctions containing 3–11 herbs in LPS-induced macrophages. KCT-01 showed the most potent inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 production among those three herbal formulas. In addition, KCT-01 significantly inhibited LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 at protein levels and expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 at mRNA levels. Molecular data revealed that KCT-01 attenuated the activation of JAK/STAT signaling cascade without affecting NF-κB or AP-1 activation. In ear inflammation induced by croton oil, KCT-01 significantly reduced edema, MPO activity, expression levels of iNOS and COX-2, and STAT3 phosphorylation in ear tissues. Taken together, our findings suggest that KCT-01 can downregulate the expression of proinflammatory genes by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling pathway under inflammatory conditions. This study provides useful data for further exploration and application of KCT-01 as a potential anti-inflammatory medicine.
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Cancer chemoprevention revisited: Cytochrome P450 family 1B1 as a target in the tumor and the microenvironment. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 63:1-18. [PMID: 29197745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is the use of synthetic, natural or biological agents to prevent or delay the development or progression of malignancies. Intriguingly, many phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects, recently proposed as chemoprevention strategies, are inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 family 1B1 (CYP1B1), an enzyme overexpressed in a wide variety of tumors and associated with angiogenesis. In turn, pro-inflammatory cytokines were reported to boost CYP1B1 expression, suggesting a key role of CYP1B1 in a positive loop of inflammatory angiogenesis. Other well-known pro-tumorigenic activities of CYP1B1 rely on metabolic bioactivation of xenobiotics and steroid hormones into their carcinogenic derivatives. In contrast to initial in vitro observations, in vivo studies demonstrated a protecting role against cancer for the other CYP1 family members (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2), suggesting that the specificity of CYP1 family inhibitors should be carefully taken into account for developing potential chemoprevention strategies. Recent studies also proposed a role of CYP1B1 in multiple cell types found within the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells. Overall, our review of the current literature suggests a positive loop between inflammatory cytokines and CYP1B1, which in turn may play a key role in cancer angiogenesis, acting on both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Strategies aiming at specific CYP1B1 inhibition in multiple cell types may translate into clinical chemoprevention and angioprevention approaches.
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Gao H, Cui Y, Kang N, Liu X, Liu Y, Zou Y, Zhang Z, Li X, Yang S, Li J, Wang C, Xu QM, Chen X. Isoacteoside, a dihydroxyphenylethyl glycoside, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through blocking toll-like receptor 4 dimerization. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2880-2896. [PMID: 28616865 PMCID: PMC5554315 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Isoacteoside (is a phenylethanoid isolated from Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim., which is an anti-inflammatory herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the exact mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of isoacteoside is not completely understood. In this study, its anti-inflammatory mechanism was elucidated in mouse macrophages. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The expression of the NF-κB pathway, MAPK pathway, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β was evaluated using Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR or ELISA. TLR4 dimerization was determined by transfecting HEK293T cells with TLR4 plasmids. The in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of isoacteoside was determined using mouse models of xylene-induced ear oedema, LPS-induced endotoxic shock and LPS-induced endotoxaemia-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). KEY RESULTS Isoacteoside suppressed COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β expression. Furthermore, isoacteoside attenuated the LPS-induced transcriptional activity of NF-κB by decreasing the levels of phosphorylated IκB-α and IKK and NF-κB/p65 nuclear translocation. In addition, isoacteoside inhibited LPS-induced transcriptional activity of AP-1 by reducing the levels of phosphorylated JNK1/2 and p38MAPK. Isoacteoside blocked LPS-induced TLR4 dimerization, resulting in a reduction in the recruitment of MyD88 and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and the phosphorylation of TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1). Pretreatment of mice with isoacteoside effectively inhibited xylene-induced ear oedema and LPS-induced endotoxic death and protected against LPS-induced AKI. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Isoacteoside blocked TLR4 dimerization, which activates the MyD88-TAK1-NF-κB/MAPK signalling cascades and TRIF pathway. Our data indicate that isoacteoside is a potential lead compound for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yankun Cui
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Naixin Kang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Gao H, Liu X, Sun W, Kang N, Liu Y, Yang S, Xu QM, Wang C, Chen X. Total tanshinones exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through blocking TLR4 dimerization via the MyD88 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3004. [PMID: 28817116 PMCID: PMC5596575 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinones belong to a group of lipophilic constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. A deluge of studies demonstrated that tanshinones exert anti-inflammatory effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear to date. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of total tanshinones (TTN). TTN suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and THP-1 cells. TTN attenuated the LPS-induced transcriptional activity of NF-κB and decreased IκB-α and IKK phosphorylation and NF-κB/p65 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, TTN inhibited the LPS-induced transcriptional activity of AP-1, which was induced by the reduction of JNK1/2, ERK1/2, and p38MAPK phosphorylation. TTN blocked LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dimerization, which consequently decreased MyD88 recruitment and TAK1 phosphorylation. In addition, TTN pretreatment effectively inhibited xylene-induced ear edema and LPS-induced septic death and improved LPS-induced acute kidney injury in mice. TTN exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo by blocking TLR4 dimerization to activate MyD88–TAK1–NF-κB/MAPK signaling cascades, which provide the molecular basis of the anti-inflammatory effect of Danshen and suggest that TTN is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Naixin Kang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Identifying Chinese Herbal Medicine Network for Endometriosis: Implications from a Population-Based Database in Taiwan. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7501015. [PMID: 28740539 PMCID: PMC5504931 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7501015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is a common but bothersome gynecological disease, and Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is used for treating endometriosis. The aim of this study is to explore CHM network and core treatments for endometriosis by analyzing nationwide CHM prescription database. Methods From 1998 to 2013, the CHM prescriptions made primarily for endometriosis among women diagnosed with endometriosis (ICD-9-CM code: 671) by gynecologists during their reproductive age were collected. CHM network analysis was then carried out by using association rule mining and social network analysis. Results A total of 12,986 CHM prescriptions made for endometriosis were analyzed. There were 556 kinds of CHM ever used, and, in average, each prescription was composed of 6.2 CHMs. Gui-Zhi-Fu-Ling-Wan (GZFLW) was used most frequently, followed by Cyperus rotundus (28.1% and 18.8% of all prescriptions, resp.). Additionally, the combination of Cyperus rotundus with GZFLW (8.0%) was the most frequently used combination of two CHMs. CHM network showed that GZFLW was the core CHM for endometriosis and graphically demonstrated the extensive coverage of TCM syndromes and pathogenesis of endometriosis. Conclusions CHM network provides graphical demonstration and summary of commonly used CHMs for endometriosis, and further studies are warranted based on these findings.
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Hong JN, Li WW, Wang LL, Guo H, Jiang Y, Gao YJ, Tu PF, Wang XM. Jiangtang decoction ameliorate diabetic nephropathy through the regulation of PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB pathways in KK-Ay mice. Chin Med 2017; 12:13. [PMID: 28529539 PMCID: PMC5437490 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jiangtang decoction (JTD) is a China patented drug which contains Euphorbia humifusa Willd, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, and Coptis chinensis Franch. For decades, it has also been used clinically to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) effectively; however, the associated mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the protective efficacy of JTD in DN and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods A diabetic model using KK-Ay mice received a daily administration of JTD for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr), and microalbumin/urine creatinine (MA/UCREA) was measured every 4 weeks. Furthermore, on the day of the sacrifice, blood, urine, and kidneys were collected to assess renal function according to general parameters. Pathological staining was performed to evaluate the protective renal effect of JTD. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-6 and intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1), insulin receptor substrate [IRS]-1, advanced glycation end products [AGEs], and receptor of glycation end products [RAGE] were assessed. Finally, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and involvement of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was further analyzed. Results After 12 weeks of metformin and JTD administration, the mice exhibited a significant amelioration in glucose and lipid metabolism dysfunction, reduced morphological changes in the renal tissue, decreased urinary albumin excretion, and normalized creatinine clearance. JTD treatment also reduced the accumulation of AGEs and RAGE, up-regulated IRS-1, and increased the phosphorylation of both PI3K (p85) and Akt, indicating that the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved. Additionally, JTD administration reduced the elevated levels of renal inflammatory mediators and decreased the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Conclusions These results demonstrate that JTD might reduce inflammation in DN through the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-017-0134-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ni Hong
- Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Jia Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Fang J, Little PJ, Xu S. Atheroprotective Effects and Molecular Targets of Tanshinones Derived From Herbal Medicine Danshen. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:201-228. [PMID: 28295428 DOI: 10.1002/med.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plant-derived bioactive compounds modulate multiple therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), rendering herb-derived phytochemicals effective against one of the major CVDs-atherosclerosis. Danshen (Salvia milthiorriza Bunge) is a Chinese medicine that has been used in cardio- and cerebro-vascular therapeutic remedies in Asian countries for many years. Emerging evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies suggests that major lipophilic tanshinones from Danshen can treat atherosclerotic CVDs. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of tanshinones in treating atherosclerosis, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to chronic inflammation. We also overview new molecular targets of tanshinones, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase, AMP-activated protein kinase, ABC transporter A1, heme oxygenase 1, soluble epoxide hydrolase, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, estrogen receptor, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. Thus, this review provides a new perspective for advancing our understanding of the "ancient" herb Danshen from "modern" biomedical perspectives, supporting the possibility of exploiting tanshinones and derivatives as effective therapeutics against atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadu District People's Hospital,Southern Medical University, 48 Xinhua Road, Guangzhou, 510800, China
| | - Peter J Little
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Xinhua College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642
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