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Ghasemlou M, Pn N, Alexander K, Zavabeti A, Sherrell PC, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B, Naebe M, Bhargava SK. Fluorescent Nanocarbons: From Synthesis and Structure to Cancer Imaging and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312474. [PMID: 38252677 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanocarbons are emerging at the forefront of nanoscience, with diverse carbon nanoforms emerging over the past two decades. Early cancer diagnosis and therapy, driven by advanced chemistry techniques, play a pivotal role in mitigating mortality rates associated with cancer. Nanocarbons, with an attractive combination of well-defined architectures, biocompatibility, and nanoscale dimension, offer an incredibly versatile platform for cancer imaging and therapy. This paper aims to review the underlying principles regarding the controllable synthesis, fluorescence origins, cellular toxicity, and surface functionalization routes of several classes of nanocarbons: carbon nanodots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanoonions, and carbon nanohorns. This review also highlights recent breakthroughs regarding the green synthesis of different nanocarbons from renewable sources. It also presents a comprehensive and unified overview of the latest cancer-related applications of nanocarbons and how they can be designed to interface with biological systems and work as cancer diagnostics and therapeutic tools. The commercial status for large-scale manufacturing of nanocarbons is also presented. Finally, it proposes future research opportunities aimed at engendering modifiable and high-performance nanocarbons for emerging applications across medical industries. This work is envisioned as a cornerstone to guide interdisciplinary teams in crafting fluorescent nanocarbons with tailored attributes that can revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Center for Sustainable Products, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Navya Pn
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Katia Alexander
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter C Sherrell
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
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2
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Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Sadat Z, Lalebeigi F, Naderi N, Panahi L, Ganjali F, Mahdian S, Saadatidizaji Z, Mahdavi M, Chidar E, Soleimani E, Ghaee A, Maleki A, Zare I. Effects of mechanical properties of carbon-based nanocomposites on scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a comprehensive review. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:337-366. [PMID: 38235087 PMCID: PMC10790973 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00554b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical properties, such as elasticity modulus, tensile strength, elongation, hardness, density, creep, toughness, brittleness, durability, stiffness, creep rupture, corrosion and wear, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and fatigue limit, are some of the most important features of a biomaterial in tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, the scaffolds used in tissue engineering must exhibit mechanical and biological behaviour close to the target tissue. Thus, a variety of materials has been studied for enhancing the mechanical performance of composites. Carbon-based nanostructures, such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fibrous carbon nanostructures, and nanodiamonds (NDs), have shown great potential for this purpose. This is owing to their biocompatibility, high chemical and physical stability, ease of functionalization, and numerous surface functional groups with the capability to form covalent bonds and electrostatic interactions with other components in the composite, thus significantly enhancing their mechanical properties. Considering the outstanding capabilities of carbon nanostructures in enhancing the mechanical properties of biocomposites and increasing their applicability in tissue engineering and the lack of comprehensive studies on their biosafety and role in increasing the mechanical behaviour of scaffolds, a comprehensive review on carbon nanostructures is provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Farnaz Lalebeigi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Nooshin Naderi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Leila Panahi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ganjali
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Sakineh Mahdian
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Zahra Saadatidizaji
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Elham Chidar
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Erfan Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Azadeh Ghaee
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran P.O. Box 14395-1561 Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd Shiraz 7178795844 Iran
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3
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Yang Z, Xu T, Li H, She M, Chen J, Wang Z, Zhang S, Li J. Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Fluorescent Sensing and Imaging. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11047-11136. [PMID: 37677071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest and play key roles in scientific innovations in diverse fields. In particular, increased attention has been focused on carbon-based nanomaterials exhibiting diverse extended structures and unique properties. Among these materials, zero-dimensional structures, including fullerenes, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanodiamonds, and carbon dots, possess excellent bioaffinities and superior fluorescence properties that make these structures suitable for application to environmental and biological sensing, imaging, and therapeutics. This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and structural properties, design principles and preparation methods, and optical properties and sensing applications of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Recent interesting breakthroughs in the sensitive and selective sensing and imaging of heavy metal pollutants, hazardous substances, and bioactive molecules as well as applications in information encryption, super-resolution and photoacoustic imaging, and phototherapy and nanomedicine delivery are the main focus of this review. Finally, future challenges and prospects of these materials are highlighted and envisaged. This review presents a comprehensive basis and directions for designing, developing, and applying fascinating fluorescent sensors fabricated based on zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials for specific requirements in numerous research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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Zhao Y, Yang Q, Liu D, Liu T, Xing L. Neurotoxicity of nanoparticles: Insight from studies in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113896. [PMID: 35870347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are widely used in industry and personal care, and they inevitably end up in people's bodies and the environment. The widespread use of nanoparticles has raised new concerns about their neurotoxicity, as nanoparticles can enter the nervous system by blood-brain barrier. In neurotoxicity testing, the zebrafish provides powerful tools to overcome the limitations of other models. This paper will provide a comprehensive review of the power of zebrafish in neurotoxicity tests and the neurotoxic effects of nanoparticles, including inorganic, organic, and metal-based nanoparticles, on zebrafish from different perspectives. Such information can be used to predict not only the effects of nanoparticles on other species exposed to the aquatic environment but also the neurotoxicity of nanoparticles in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products,Nantong University, Nantong, China; Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiongxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products,Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia.
| | - Lingyan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products,Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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5
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Mohan H, Bincoletto V, Arpicco S, Giordani S. Supramolecular Functionalisation of B/N Co-Doped Carbon Nano-Onions for Novel Nanocarrier Systems. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15175987. [PMID: 36079368 PMCID: PMC9456768 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Boron/nitrogen co-doped carbon nano-onions (BN-CNOs) are spherical nanoparticles that consist of multiple inter-nestled fullerene layers, giving them an onion-like internal structure. They have potential as nanocarriers due to their small size, aqueous dispersibility, and biocompatibility. The non-covalent attachment of a biocompatible polymer to BN-CNOs is a simple and effective method of creating a scaffold for a novel nanocarrier system as it allows for increased aqueous dispersibility whilst preventing the immune system from recognising the particle as a foreign object. The non-covalent approach also preserves the electronic and structural properties of the BN-CNOs. In this study, we attached a hyaluronic acid-phospholipid (HA-DMPE) conjugate polymer to the BN-CNO's surface to improve its hydrophilicity and provide targetability toward HA-receptor overexpressing cancer cells. To this end, various ratios of HA-DMPE to BN-CNOs were investigated. The resulting supramolecular systems were characterised via UV-Vis absorption and FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential techniques. It was found that the HA-DMPE conjugate polymer was permanently wrapped around the BN-CNO nanoparticle surface. Moreover, the resulting BN-CNO/HA-DMPE supramolecular systems displayed enhanced aqueous solubility compared to unfunctionalised BN-CNOs, with excellent long-term stability observed in aqueous dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Valeria Bincoletto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Mamidi N, Delgadillo RMV. Squaramide-Immobilized Carbon Nanoparticles for Rapid and High-Efficiency Elimination of Anthropogenic Mercury Ions from Aquatic Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35789-35801. [PMID: 35881879 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution due to environmental remediation and poor waste administration in certain areas of the globe signifies a serious problem in acquiring safe and clean drinking water. This problem is especially critical in rural areas, where advanced water purification techniques are deficient, and it remains a daunting task for ecosystem and public health protection. This critical task can be addressed herein by developing scalable poly squaramide-phenyl methacrylamide (PSQ)-functionalized carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) (PSQ-CNPs) with densely populated chelating sites with strong Hg2+-binding capacity. The PSQ-CNPs have shown high efficiency in removing Hg2+ from aqueous solution, providing a Hg2+ capacity of 2840 mg g-1, surpassing all the amine and thiol-based adsorbents reported hitherto. More significantly, the adsorbent reveals the largest distribution coefficient value (Kd) of 9.09 × 1010 mL g-1, which allows it to reduce Hg2+ content from 10 ppm to less than 0.011 ppb, well below the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits for drinking water standards (2 ppb). The adsorption measurements of the adsorbent followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order. The practical applicability of PSQ-CNPs was verified with the real samples (the lake, river, and industrial wastewater) and has been proven to be excellent. The adsorbent could still retain its Hg2+ removal efficacy even after 12 sorption cycles. It is attributed that the remarkable performance of PSQ-CNPs arises from the high-density chelating sites and pores on the surface of CNPs. The present work shows a new benchmark for Hg2+-removal adsorbents and presents a novel practical approach for decontaminating Hg2+ and other heavy metal ions from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsimha Mamidi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Manuel Velasco Delgadillo
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
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7
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Khorsandi Z, Metkazini SFM, Heydari A, Varma RS. Visible light-driven direct synthesis of ketones from aldehydes via C H bond activation using NiCu nanoparticles adorned on carbon nano onions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Ding W, Feng Z, Wang L, Guo F, Song T, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li H, Tian C, Hu H. Combined study of the ground and excited states of carbon onions by electron energy-loss spectroscopy: Comparison with highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Saleem S, Kannan RR. Zebrafish: A Promising Real-Time Model System for Nanotechnology-Mediated Neurospecific Drug Delivery. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:135. [PMID: 34424426 PMCID: PMC8382796 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delivering drugs to the brain has always remained a challenge for the research community and physicians. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a major hurdle for delivering drugs to specific parts of the brain and the central nervous system. It is physiologically comprised of complex network of capillaries to protect the brain from any invasive agents or foreign particles. Therefore, there is an absolute need for understanding of the BBB for successful therapeutic interventions. Recent research indicates the strong emergence of zebrafish as a model for assessing the permeability of the BBB, which is highly conserved in its structure and function between the zebrafish and mammals. The zebrafish model system offers a plethora of advantages including easy maintenance, high fecundity and transparency of embryos and larvae. Therefore, it has the potential to be developed as a model for analysing and elucidating the permeability of BBB to novel permeation technologies with neurospecificity. Nanotechnology has now become a focus area within the industrial and research community for delivering drugs to the brain. Nanoparticles are being developed with increased efficiency and accuracy for overcoming the BBB and delivering neurospecific drugs to the brain. The zebrafish stands as an excellent model system to assess nanoparticle biocompatibility and toxicity. Hence, the zebrafish model is indispensable for the discovery or development of novel technologies for neurospecific drug delivery and potential therapies for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Saleem
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India.
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10
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Parlak C, Alver Ö, Bağlayan Ö. Quantum mechanical simulation of Molnupiravir drug interaction with Si-doped C60 fullerene. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Functionalized carbon nano onion as a novel drug delivery system for brain targeting. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Sancataldo G, Ferrara V, Bonomo FP, Chillura Martino DF, Licciardi M, Pignataro BG, Vetri V. Identification of microplastics using 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene solvatochromic fluorescence. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2820-2831. [PMID: 34047435 PMCID: PMC9291063 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we introduce the use of 4‐dimethylamino‐4′‐nitrostilbene (DANS) fluorescent dye for applications in the detection and analysis of microplastics, an impendent source of pollution made of synthetic organic polymers with a size varying from less than 5 mm to nanometer scale. The use of this dye revealed itself as a versatile, fast and sensitive tool for readily discriminate microplastics in water environment. The experimental evidences herein presented demonstrate that DANS efficiently absorbs into a variety of polymers constituting microplastics, and its solvatochromic properties lead to a positive shift of the fluorescence emission spectrum according to the polarity of the polymers. Therefore, under UV illumination, microplastics glow a specific emission spectrum from blue to red that allows for a straightforward polymer identification. In addition, we show that DANS staining gives access to different detection and analysis strategies based on fluorescence microscopy, from simple epifluorescence fragments visualization, to confocal microscopy and phasor approach for plastic components quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sancataldo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica – Emilio SegrèUniversità degli Studi di PalermoViale delle Scienze, 18PalermoItaly
| | - Vittorio Ferrara
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)UdR of PalermoFlorenceItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di PalermoViale delle Scienze, 17PalermoItaly
| | | | - Delia Francesca Chillura Martino
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)UdR of PalermoFlorenceItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di PalermoViale delle Scienze, 17PalermoItaly
| | - Mariano Licciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità di PalermoViale delle Scienze, 17PalermoItaly
| | - Bruno Giuseppe Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica – Emilio SegrèUniversità degli Studi di PalermoViale delle Scienze, 18PalermoItaly
| | - Valeria Vetri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica – Emilio SegrèUniversità degli Studi di PalermoViale delle Scienze, 18PalermoItaly
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13
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Abstract
The family of carbon nanostructures comprises several members, such as fullerenes, nano-onions, nanodots, nanodiamonds, nanohorns, nanotubes, and graphene-based materials. Their unique electronic properties have attracted great interest for their highly innovative potential in nanomedicine. However, their hydrophobic nature often requires organic solvents for their dispersibility and processing. In this review, we describe the green approaches that have been developed to produce and functionalize carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications, with a special focus on the very latest reports.
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14
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Kyriakides TR, Raj A, Tseng TH, Xiao H, Nguyen R, Mohammed FS, Halder S, Xu M, Wu MJ, Bao S, Sheu WC. Biocompatibility of nanomaterials and their immunological properties. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:10.1088/1748-605X/abe5fa. [PMID: 33578402 PMCID: PMC8357854 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abe5fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) have revolutionized multiple aspects of medicine by enabling novel sensing, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. Advancements in processing and fabrication have also allowed significant expansion in the applications of the major classes of NMs based on polymer, metal/metal oxide, carbon, liposome, or multi-scale macro-nano bulk materials. Concomitantly, concerns regarding the nanotoxicity and overall biocompatibility of NMs have been raised. These involve putative negative effects on both patients and those subjected to occupational exposure during manufacturing. In this review, we describe the current state of testing of NMs including those that are in clinical use, in clinical trials, or under development. We also discuss the cellular and molecular interactions that dictate their toxicity and biocompatibility. Specifically, we focus on the reciprocal interactions between NMs and host proteins, lipids, and sugars and how these induce responses in immune and other cell types leading to topical and/or systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themis R Kyriakides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Arindam Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Tiffany H Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Hugh Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Ryan Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Farrah S Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Saiti Halder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Mengqing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Michelle J Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Shuozhen Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
| | - Wendy C Sheu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405, United States of America
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15
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Bartkowski M, Giordani S. Carbon nano-onions as potential nanocarriers for drug delivery. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2300-2309. [PMID: 33471000 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04093b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers are nano-sized delivery vesicles that can transport desired molecules to a specific location. The utilisation of nanocarriers for targeted drug-delivery is an emerging field that aims to solve certain disadvantages of free drug delivery; including premature drug degradation, non-specific toxicity, lack of tissue penetration, undesired side-effects, and multi-drug resistance. The nanocarrier approach has proven effective in this regard, with some examples of FDA approved nanocarrier systems available on the market. In this perspective, we investigate the potential of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) as nanocarriers for drug delivery. The various criteria and considerations for designing a nanocarrier are outlined, and we thoroughly discuss how CNOs fit these criteria. Given the rapidly developing interest in CNOs, this perspective provides a baseline discussion for the use of this novel carbon nanomaterial as a potential nanocarrier for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bartkowski
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland.
| | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland.
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16
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Dalal C, Saini D, Garg AK, Sonkar SK. Fluorescent Carbon Nano-onion as Bioimaging Probe. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:252-266. [PMID: 35014282 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Concentrically arranged multilayered fullerenes exhibiting onion-like morphology are popularly known as carbon nano-onion (CNO) and are useful in bioimaging application. On the basis of the origin of the fluorescence, the CNO-based nanoprobes are classified into type I and type II. The type I CNO-based nanoprobe needs a secondary moiety such as organic dyes or an amine functionalization at its surface to induce the fluorescence. On the other hand, the emission in type II does not originate from such an external surface passivating agent. The CNO-based system not only shows structural similarity to the well-known multiwalled carbon nanotube but is also a bit more advantageous because of its low cytotoxicity. These features enable their prolonged use in the biological system for imaging purposes. In particular, we have covered the aspects of synthesis, surface functionalization, the origin of fluorescence, and biocompatibility. In addition, recent developments directed toward in vitro and in vivo imaging studies by utilizing CNO-based nanoprobes are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chumki Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Anjali Kumari Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
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Sancataldo G, Avellone G, Vetri V. Nile Red lifetime reveals microplastic identity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:2266-2275. [PMID: 33064112 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00348d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is recognized as a worldwide environmental problem. The increasing daily use and release of plastics into the environment have led to the accumulation of fragmented microplastics, with potentially awful consequences for the environment, and animal and human health. The detection and identification of microplastics are of utmost importance, but available methods are still limited. In this work, a new approach is presented for the analysis of microplastics based on hydrophobic fluorescence staining with Nile Red, using spectrally resolved confocal fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Significant differences were observed in the emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes of the analyzed microplastics. Nile Red fluorescence shows determinable behavior based on the polymer matrix and provides a fingerprint for the identification of fragments from different types of plastics. Lifetime imaging coupled with phasor analysis constitutes a fast, robust, and straightforward method for mapping and identifying different microplastics within the same sample in an aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sancataldo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle scienze Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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18
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Bartelmess J, Milcovich G, Maffeis V, d'Amora M, Bertozzi SM, Giordani S. Modulation of Efficient Diiodo-BODIPY in vitro Phototoxicity to Cancer Cells by Carbon Nano-Onions. Front Chem 2020; 8:573211. [PMID: 33134274 PMCID: PMC7574714 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.573211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is currently one of the most promising approaches for targeted cancer treatment. It is based on responses of vital physiological signals, namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are associated with diseased condition development, such as tumors. This study presents the synthesis, incorporation, and application of a diiodo-BODIPY–based photosensitizer, based on a non-covalent functionalization of carbon nano-onions (CNOs). In vitro assays demonstrate that HeLa cells internalize the diiodo-BODIPY molecules and their CNO nanohybrids. Upon cell internalization and light exposure, the pyrene–diiodo-BODIPY molecules induce an increase of the ROS level of HeLa cells, resulting in remarkable photomediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Conversely, when HeLa cells internalize the diiodo-BODIPY/CNO nanohybrids, no significant cytotoxicity or ROS basal level increase can be detected. These results define a first step toward the understanding of carbon nanomaterials that function as molecular shuttles for photodynamic therapeutics, boosting the modulation of the photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Bartelmess
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Gesmi Milcovich
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy.,School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viviana Maffeis
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta d'Amora
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy.,School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Ventrella A, Camisasca A, Fontana A, Giordani S. Synthesis of green fluorescent carbon dots from carbon nano-onions and graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36404-36412. [PMID: 35517947 PMCID: PMC9056988 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06172g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) have triggered considerable interest due to their intriguing tunable photoluminescence properties. In this work, we report the synthesis of green-emitting CDs from two different carbon sources, namely carbon nano-onions and graphene oxide. We also investigate the effects of the two starting materials on the physico-chemical properties of the as-synthesised CDs. Our results show that both CDs exhibit remarkable emission properties and different fluorescence behaviour, which is attributed to the differences in size, surface defects, as well as the presence of different surface functional groups. Moreover, we propose an innovative, low-cost and time-saving method for the recovery of CDs from solution by acetone-mediated precipitation. We demonstrate that this methodology can rival the common dialysis-based purification approach; it shows excellent photostability, and the CD fluorescent properties are retained. Our work paves the way for the use of these particles for biomedical applications by exploiting their interesting fluorescent features as well as their oxygen-enriched surface for further functionalization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ventrella
- School of Chemical Science, Dublin City University (DCU) Glasnevin, Dublin 9 Ireland
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti Italy
| | - Adalberto Camisasca
- School of Chemical Science, Dublin City University (DCU) Glasnevin, Dublin 9 Ireland
| | | | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Science, Dublin City University (DCU) Glasnevin, Dublin 9 Ireland
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20
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Sohouli E, Shahdost-Fard F, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M, Plonska-Brzezinska ME, Ahmadi F. Introducing a novel nanocomposite consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon nano-onions and gold nanoparticles for the electrochemical sensor to measure acetaminophen. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Mahanta CS, Aparna S, Das SK, Jena BB, Swain BR, Patri M, Dash BP, Satapathy R. Star‐Shaped Phenylene BODIPY: Synthesis, Properties and Biocompatibility Assessment Using Zebrafish. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sai Aparna
- Department of ZoologyRavenshaw University Cuttack Odisha 753003 India
| | - Saroj Kumar Das
- Centre for BiotechnologySiksha ‘O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar Odisha 751030 India
| | | | | | - Manorama Patri
- Department of ZoologyRavenshaw University Cuttack Odisha 753003 India
| | - Barada P. Dash
- Department of ChemistrySiksha ‘O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar Odisha 751030 India
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22
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Camisasca A, Giordani S. Surfactant-mediated dispersions of carbon nano-onions in aqueous solution. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab8481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the ability of different surfactants to form homogeneous and stable dispersions of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) in water via non-covalent interactions. For our purposes, we select three ionic surfactants, namely the cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the two anionic deoxycholic acid sodium salt (DCAS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). We examine the dispersing efficacy at dispersing CNOs and long-term stability by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential. Among the three surfactants, the anionic surfactants show the best ability to create stable CNO dispersions, with SDBS exhibiting superior efficacy. Our non-covalent strategy provides a valuable approach to enhance the solubility features while preserving the unique properties of CNOs.
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Surface Modification of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Carbon-Coating Can Increase Its Biosafety: Evidences from Biochemical and Neurobehavioral Tests in Zebrafish. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092256. [PMID: 32403340 PMCID: PMC7248861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained much attention in the field of biomedical engineering for therapeutic as well as diagnostic purposes. Carbon magnetic nanoparticles (C-MNPs) are a class of MNPs categorized as organic nanoparticles. C-MNPs have been under considerable interest in studying in various applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, photothermal therapy, and intracellular transportof drugs. Research work is still largely in progress for testing the efficacy of C-MNPs on the theranostics platform in cellular studies and animal models. In this study, we evaluated the neurobehavioral toxicity parameters on the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) at either low (1 ppm) or high (10 ppm) concentration level of C-MNPs over a period of two weeks by waterborne exposure. The physical properties of the synthesized C-MNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Raman, and XRD spectrum characterization. Multiple behavior tests for the novel tank, mirror biting, predator avoidance, conspecific social interaction, shoaling, and analysis of biochemical markers were also conducted to elucidate the corresponding mechanism. Our data demonstrate the waterborne exposure of C-MNPs is less toxic than the uncoated MNPs since neither low nor high concentration C-MNPs elicit toxicity response in behavioral and biochemical tests in adult zebrafish. The approach combining biochemical and neurobehavioral approaches would be helpful for understanding C-MNPs association affecting the bioavailability, biosafety, interaction, and uptake of these C-MNPs in the living organism.
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Abstract
Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are concentric multi-layered fullerenes. Their shape, size and layer count depends on the method of preparation. Their low cytotoxicity allows for high applicability in the biomedical field, in particular, nanomedicine. However, an adequate dispersion of particles in aqueous media is required for the most effective use in this application. Given the hydrophobic nature of pristine CNOs, as is the case with most carbon nanomaterials, they show poor water solubility. Non-covalent functionalisation can be utilised to alter their dispersibility properties, without affecting the intrinsic properties of the sp2 nanomaterial. The use of CNOs in the field of nanomedicine also requires consideration of drug release at the target site. As covalent bonds are inadequate for this purpose, attention is brought towards non-covalent interactions as a viable option for targeted release. This minireview outlines the different methods and approaches for non-covalent modifications of CNOs reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bartkowski
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland.
| | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland.
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25
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Giordani S, Camisasca A, Maffeis V. Carbon Nano-onions: A Valuable Class of Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:6915-6929. [PMID: 30474524 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181126113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanoscale materials is an important area of research as it provides access to materials with unique properties that can be applied to improve quality of life. Multi-layer fullerenes, also known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are an exciting class of nanostructures which show great versatility and applicability. They find applications in several fields of technology and biomedicine. This review highlights the potential advantages of CNOs for biomedical applications, which include but are not limited to bioimaging and sensing. Their good biocompatibility renders them promising platforms for the development of novel healthcare devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Adalberto Camisasca
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
| | - Viviana Maffeis
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
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26
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d'Amora M, Camisasca A, Boarino A, Arpicco S, Giordani S. Supramolecular functionalization of carbon nano-onions with hyaluronic acid-phospholipid conjugates for selective targeting of cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 188:110779. [PMID: 31955017 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are promising materials for biomedical applications due to their low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. Supramolecular functionalization with biocompatible polymers is an effective strategy to develop engineered drug carriers for targeted delivery applications. In this study, we report the use of a hyaluronic acid-phospholipid (HA-DMPE) conjugate to target CD44 overexpressing cancer cells, while enhancing solubility of the nanoconstruct. Non-covalently functionalized CNOs with HA-DMPE show excellent in vitro cell viability in human breast carcinoma cells overexpressing CD44 and are uptaken to a greater extent compared to human ovarian carcinoma cells with an undetectable amount of CD44. In addition, they possess high in vivo biocompatibility in zebrafish (Danio Rerio) during the different stages of development and they prevalently localize in the digestive tract of the zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta d'Amora
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy
| | - Adalberto Camisasca
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Alice Boarino
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, via Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, via Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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d'Amora M, Maffeis V, Brescia R, Barnes D, Scanlan E, Giordani S. Carbon Nano-Onions as Non-Cytotoxic Carriers for Cellular Uptake of Glycopeptides and Proteins. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1069. [PMID: 31349665 PMCID: PMC6722779 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) possess favorable properties that make them suitable for biomedical applications, including their small size, ready surface modification, and good biocompatibility. Here, we report the covalent immobilization of a synthetic glycopeptide and the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto the surface of carbon nano-onions using the maleimide-thiol "addition reaction". The glycopeptide and BSA are readily transported inside different cell lines, together with carbon nano-onions, through the endocytosis pathway. Our results show that carbon nano-onions are excellent scaffolds for glycopeptides and proteins immobilization and act as intracellular carriers for these biomolecules. These findings open new perspectives in the application of carbon nano-onions as intracellular transporters in diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta d'Amora
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Turin, Italy
| | - Viviana Maffeis
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosaria Brescia
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Danielle Barnes
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 P902 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Scanlan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 P902 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Turin, Italy.
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, D09 C7F8 Dublin, Ireland.
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Diversity-oriented synthesis of blue emissive nitrogen heterocycles and their conjugation with carbon nano-onions. Front Chem Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-019-1833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Revuri V, Cherukula K, Nafiujjaman M, Vijayan V, Jeong YY, Park IK, Lee YK. In Situ Oxygenic Nanopods Targeting Tumor Adaption to Hypoxia Potentiate Image-Guided Photothermal Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19782-19792. [PMID: 31088067 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor adaption to hypoxic stress not only plays a crucial role in tumor malignancy but also can protect cancer cells from therapeutic interventions. Hence, therapeutic strategies attenuating tumor hypoxia in conjunction with conventional therapies may be an ideal approach. Here, we report the application of in situ oxygenic carbon nano-onion (CNO)/manganese oxide nanopods (iOCOMs) as novel theranostic photothermal transducers to neutralize the oncogenic influence of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). The developed onion-ring-shaped carbon nanoparticles or carbon nano-onions (CNOs) and iOCOM nanopods (CNO embedded in MnO2 nanosheets) were biologically stable and nontoxic and showed photothermal activity under near-infrared laser irradiation (808 nm). In addition, iOCOM assisted in the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially toxic reactive oxygen species that is secreted excessively by cancer cells in the hypoxic TME, resulting in in situ oxygenation and repolarization of the hypoxic TME to normoxia. The manganese ions released from iOCOM during the catalysis of H2O2 assisted in TME-responsive T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The in situ oxygenation by iOCOM in the hypoxic TME downregulated the secretion of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, which subsequently interfered with the cancer cell proliferation, favored tumor angiogenesis, and most importantly prevented metastatic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells. Collectively, this work presents a new paradigm for antitumor strategies by targeting the tumor adaption to hypoxia in combination with photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Revuri
- Department of Green Bioengineering , Korea National University of Transportation , Daehak-ro 50 , Chungju 380-702 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Md Nafiujjaman
- Department of Nanomedicine , Houston Methodist Research Institute , 6670 Bertner Avenue, R8-216 , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Green Bioengineering , Korea National University of Transportation , Daehak-ro 50 , Chungju 380-702 , Republic of Korea
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Combined study of the ground and excited states in the transformation of nanodiamonds into carbon onions by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3784. [PMID: 30846782 PMCID: PMC6405772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The electron momentum density and sp2/sp3 ratio of carbon materials in the thermal transformation of detonation nanodiamonds (ND) into carbon nano-onions are systematically studied by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Electron energy-loss near-edge structures of the carbon K-ionization in the electron energy-loss spectroscopy are measured to determine the sp2 content of the ND-derived samples. We use the method developed by Titantah and Lamoen, which is based on the ability to isolate the π* spectrum and has been shown to give reliable and accurate results. Compton profiles (CPs) of the ND-derived carbon materials are obtained by performing EELS on the electron Compton scattering region. The amplitude of the CPs at zero momentum increases with increasing annealing temperature above 500 °C. The dramatic changes occur in the temperature range of 900–1300 °C, which indicates that the graphitization process mainly occurs in this annealing temperature region. Our results complement the previous work on the thermal transformation of ND-derived carbon onions and provide deeper insight into the evolution of the electronic properties in the graphitization process.
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31
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d'Amora M, Giordani S. The Utility of Zebrafish as a Model for Screening Developmental Neurotoxicity. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:976. [PMID: 30618594 PMCID: PMC6305331 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing central nervous system and the blood brain barrier are especially vulnerable and sensitive to different chemicals, including environmental contaminants and drugs. Developmental exposure to these compounds has been involved in several neurological disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders as well as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) have emerged as powerful toxicological model systems that can speed up chemical hazard assessment and can be used to extrapolate neurotoxic effects that chemicals have on humans. Zebrafish embryos and larvae are convenient for high-throughput screening of chemicals, due to their small size, low-cost, easy husbandry, and transparency. Additionally, zebrafish are homologous to other higher order vertebrates in terms of molecular signaling processes, genetic compositions, and tissue/organ structures as well as neurodevelopment. This mini review underlines the potential of the zebrafish as complementary models for developmental neurotoxicity screening of chemicals and describes the different endpoints utilized for such screening with some studies illustrating their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta d'Amora
- Nano Carbon Materials, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy.,School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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d’Amora M, Rodio M, Sancataldo G, Diaspro A, Intartaglia R. Laser-Fabricated Fluorescent, Ligand-Free Silicon Nanoparticles: Scale-up, Biosafety, and 3D Live Imaging of Zebrafish under Development. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:321-329. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta d’Amora
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Marina Rodio
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Sancataldo
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Romuald Intartaglia
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
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Bobrowska DM, Olejnik P, Echegoyen L, Plonska-Brzezinska ME. Onion-Like Carbon Nanostructures: An Overview of Bio-Applications. Curr Med Chem 2018; 26:6896-6914. [PMID: 30381066 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181101105535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a brief review of the knowledge concerning onion-like carbons (OLCs). These nanostructures are some of the most fascinating carbon forms due to their unusual structure and physico-chemical properties. Generally, OLCs consist of a hollowspherical fullerene core surrounded by concentric graphitic layers with increasing diameter. Nevertheless, they can have different size, shape and type of core, which determine their physicochemical properties. In this article, we review the most important literature reports in this area and briefly describe these nanostructures, their physical and chemical properties and their potential uses with a focus on biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Bobrowska
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Olejnik
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, United States
| | - Marta E Plonska-Brzezinska
- Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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d'Amora M, Cassano D, Pocoví-Martínez S, Giordani S, Voliani V. Biodistribution and biocompatibility of passion fruit-like nano-architectures in zebrafish. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:914-922. [PMID: 30132360 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1498551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Passion fruit-like nano-architectures (NAs) are all-in-one platforms of increasing interest for the translation of metal nanoparticles into clinics. NAs are nature-inspired disassembling inorganic theranostics, which jointly combine most of the appealing behaviors of noble metal nanoparticles with their potential organism excretion. Despite their unique and promising properties, NAs in vivo interactions and potential adverse effects have not yet been investigated. In this study, we employ zebrafish (Danio Rerio) to assess the development toxicity of NAs as well as their uptake and bioaccumulation at different stages of growth. The evaluation of multiple endpoints related to the toxicity clearly indicates that NAs do not induce mortality, developmental defects, or alterations on the hatching rate and behavior of zebrafish. Moreover, the analysis of nanostructures uptake and biodistribution demonstrates that NAs are successfully internalized and present a specific localization. Overall, our results demonstrate that NAs are able to pass through the embryos chorion and accumulate in specific tissues, exhibiting an impressive biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta d'Amora
- a Nano Carbon Materials , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Turin , Italy
| | - Domenico Cassano
- b Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Pisa , Italy.,c NEST-Scuola Normale Superiore , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Silvia Giordani
- a Nano Carbon Materials , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Turin , Italy.,e Department of Chemistry , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Valerio Voliani
- b Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Pisa , Italy
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Haque E, Ward AC. Zebrafish as a Model to Evaluate Nanoparticle Toxicity. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8070561. [PMID: 30041434 PMCID: PMC6071110 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly being developed for in vivo use, from targeted drug delivery to diagnostics, where they have enormous potential, while they are also being used for a variety of applications that can result in environmental exposure for humans. Understanding how specific nanoparticles interact with cells and cell systems is essential to gauge their safety with respect to either clinical or environmental exposure. Zebrafish is being increasingly employed as a model to evaluate nanoparticle biocompatibility. This review describes this model and how it can be used to assess nanoparticle toxicity at multiple levels, including mortality, teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, as well as alterations in reproduction, behavior and a range of other physiological readouts. This review also provides an overview of studies using this model to assess the toxicity of metal, metal oxide and carbon-based nanoparticles. It is anticipated that this information will inform research aimed at developing biocompatible nanoparticles for a range of uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Haque
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
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36
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Trusel M, Baldrighi M, Marotta R, Gatto F, Pesce M, Frasconi M, Catelani T, Papaleo F, Pompa PP, Tonini R, Giordani S. Internalization of Carbon Nano-onions by Hippocampal Cells Preserves Neuronal Circuit Function and Recognition Memory. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16952-16963. [PMID: 29669213 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One area where nanomedicine may offer superior performances and efficacy compared to current strategies is in the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the application of nanomaterials in such complex arenas is still in its infancy and an optimal vector for the therapy of CNS diseases has not been identified. Graphitic carbon nano-onions (CNOs) represent a class of carbon nanomaterials that shows promising potential for biomedical purposes. To probe the possible applications of graphitic CNOs as a platform for therapeutic and diagnostic interventions on CNS diseases, fluorescently labeled CNOs were stereotaxically injected in vivo in mice hippocampus. Their diffusion within brain tissues and their cellular localization were analyzed ex vivo by confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, and correlative light-electron microscopy techniques. The subsequent fluorescent staining of hippocampal cells populations indicates they efficiently internalize the nanomaterial. Furthermore, the inflammatory potential of the CNOs injection was found comparable to sterile vehicle infusion, and it did not result in manifest neurophysiological and behavioral alterations of hippocampal-mediated functions. These results clearly demonstrate that CNOs can interface effectively with several cell types, which encourages further their development as possible brain disease-targeted diagnostics or therapeutics nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Trusel
- Neuroscience and Brain Technology , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova , Italy
| | - Michele Baldrighi
- Nano Carbon Materials , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova , Italy
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova , Italy
| | - Francesca Gatto
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova , Italy
- Department of Engineering for Innovation , University of Salento , Via per Monteroni , Lecce , Italy
| | - Mattia Pesce
- Neuroscience and Brain Technology , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova , Italy
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Nano Carbon Materials , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova , Italy
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova , Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Neuroscience and Brain Technology , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova , Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova , Italy
| | - Raffaella Tonini
- Neuroscience and Brain Technology , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova , Italy
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova , Italy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Turin , Via Giuria 7 , Turin , Italy
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Nunn N, d’Amora M, Prabhakar N, Panich AM, Froumin N, Torelli MD, Vlasov I, Reineck P, Gibson B, Rosenholm JM, Giordani S, Shenderova O. Fluorescent single-digit detonation nanodiamond for biomedical applications. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:035010. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aac0c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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d’Amora M, Camisasca A, Lettieri S, Giordani S. Toxicity Assessment of Carbon Nanomaterials in Zebrafish during Development. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E414. [PMID: 29186817 PMCID: PMC5746904 DOI: 10.3390/nano7120414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are increasingly employed in nanomedicine as carriers for intracellular transport of drugs, imaging probes, and therapeutics agents, thanks to their unique optical and physicochemical properties. However, a better understanding about the effects of CNMs on a vertebrate model at the whole animal level is required. In this study, we compare the toxicity of oxidized carbon nano-onions (oxi-CNOs), oxidized carbon nano-horns (oxi-CNHs) and graphene oxide (GO) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We evaluate the possible effects of these nanomaterials on zebrafish development by assessing different end-points and exposure periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta d’Amora
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (M.d.A.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Adalberto Camisasca
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (M.d.A.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 31, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Lettieri
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (M.d.A.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (M.d.A.); (A.C.); (S.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, via Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Mykhailiv O, Zubyk H, Plonska-Brzezinska ME. Carbon nano-onions: Unique carbon nanostructures with fascinating properties and their potential applications. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Camisasca A, Giordani S. Carbon nano-onions in biomedical applications: Promising theranostic agents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Recent advances in smart biotechnology: Hydrogels and nanocarriers for tailored bioactive molecules depot. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:163-180. [PMID: 28527520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past ten years, the global biopharmaceutical market has remarkably grown, with ten over the top twenty worldwide high performance medical treatment sales being biologics. Thus, biotech R&D (research and development) sector is becoming a key leading branch, with expanding revenues. Biotechnology offers considerable advantages compared to traditional therapeutic approaches, such as reducing side effects, specific treatments, higher patient compliance and therefore more effective treatments leading to lower healthcare costs. Within this sector, smart nanotechnology and colloidal self-assembling systems represent pivotal tools able to modulate the delivery of therapeutics. A comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in the self-assembly of the colloidal structures discussed therein is essential for the development of relevant biomedical applications. In this review we report the most promising and best performing platforms for specific classes of bioactive molecules and related target, spanning from siRNAs, gene/plasmids, proteins/growth factors, small synthetic therapeutics and bioimaging probes.
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Lettieri S, d’Amora M, Camisasca A, Diaspro A, Giordani S. Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1878-1888. [PMID: 29046835 PMCID: PMC5629398 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Multishell fullerenes, known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs), have emerged as a platform for bioimaging because of their cell-penetration properties and minimal systemic toxicity. Here, we describe the covalent functionalization of CNOs with a π-extended distyryl-substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye with on/off modulated fluorescence emission activated by an acidic environment. The switching properties are linked to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) characteristics of the dimethylamino functionalities attached to the BODIPY core. The on/off emission of the fluorescent CNOs is fast and reversible both in solution and in vitro, making this nanomaterial suitable as pH-dependent probes for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lettieri
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta d’Amora
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Adalberto Camisasca
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genoa, 16145, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
- NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genoa, 16163, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genoa, 16145, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, via Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
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Lettieri S, Camisasca A, d'Amora M, Diaspro A, Uchida T, Nakajima Y, Yanagisawa K, Maekawa T, Giordani S. Far-red fluorescent carbon nano-onions as a biocompatible platform for cellular imaging. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09442f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nano-onions emitting in the far-red spectral window with enhanced solubility in biological media and bright photoluminescence are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lettieri
- Nano Carbon Materials
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Genoa
- Italy
| | - Adalberto Camisasca
- Nano Carbon Materials
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Genoa
- Italy
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Marta d'Amora
- Optical Nanoscopy
- Nanophysics
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Genoa
- Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Optical Nanoscopy
- Nanophysics
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Genoa
- Italy
| | - Takashi Uchida
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre
- Toyo University 2100
- Kawagoe
- Japan
| | | | | | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre
- Toyo University 2100
- Kawagoe
- Japan
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Genoa
- Italy
- Department of Chemistry
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