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Rossetti R, Brand H, Lima SCG, Furtado IP, Silveira RM, Fantacini DMC, Covas DT, Souza LEB. Combination of genetically engineered T cells and immune checkpoint blockade for the treatment of cancer. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2022; 2:ltac005. [PMID: 35919489 PMCID: PMC9327125 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Immune checkpoint (IC) blockade using monoclonal antibodies is currently one of the most successful immunotherapeutic interventions to treat cancer. By reinvigorating antitumor exhausted T cells, this approach can lead to durable clinical responses. However, the majority of patients either does not respond or present a short-lived response to IC blockade, in part due to a scarcity of tumor-specific T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or engineered T cell receptors (TCRs) provide the necessary tumor-specific immune cell population to target cancer cells. However, this therapy has been considerably ineffective against solid tumors in part due to IC-mediated immunosuppressive effects within tumor microenvironment. These limitations could be overcome by associating adoptive cell transfer of genetically engineered T cells and IC blockade. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the strategies and outcomes of preclinical and clinical attempts to disrupt IC signaling in adoptive T cell transfer against cancer. These strategies include combined administration of genetically engineered T cells and IC inhibitors, engineered T cells with intrinsic modifications to disrupt IC signaling and the design of CARs against IC molecules. The current landscape indicates that the synergy of the fast-paced refinements of gene-editing technologies and synthetic biology and the increased comprehension of IC signaling will certainly translate into novel and more effective immunotherapeutic approaches to treat patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Rossetti
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Brand
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Caroline Gomes Lima
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izadora Peter Furtado
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daianne Maciely Carvalho Fantacini
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biotechnology nucleus - Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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