1
|
Tian L, Chen CJ, Song YN, Xu K, Li NE, Zhang XH, Xie Y, Jin ZB, Li Y. Comprehensive genetic analysis reveals the mutational landscape of ABCA4-associated retinal dystrophy in a Chinese cohort. Gene 2024; 891:147832. [PMID: 37774808 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To depict the variant profiles of the ABCA4 gene in a large Chinese cohort of patients with ABCA4-associated retinal dystrophy (ABCA4-RD). METHODS We recruited 290 unrelated Chinese patients with ABCA4-RD and did ABCA4 mutational screening by a combination of Sanger sequencing, targeted exome sequencing, entire ABCA4 locus sequencing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The pathogenicity of variants was assessed using in silico tools or in vitro splicing assays following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-eight distinct pathogenic variants were identified, and 57 were novel. In 580 alleles, 22 noncoding region variants outside canonical splice sites and 4 structural variations were found in 44 alleles accounting for 7.6% of all alleles. Bioinformatics analysis showed the complex mechanism of aberrant splicing productsnatural splice site disruption, branch point destruction, and cryptic splice site activation. Correspondingly, minigene assays validated the various abnormal splicing products, including exon skipping, exon elongation, partial exon deletion, and pseudoexon insertion. WGS identified the first inversion variation in ABCA4. CONCLUSIONS This study systematically depicted the variant profiles of ABCA4 and revealed the missing alleles of patients with ABCA4-RD in a large Chinese cohort. Our findings demonstrated the complexity of molecular diagnosis of Mendelian diseases and the efficiency of WGS for detecting structural variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Jie Chen
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ning Song
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Ni-En Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sajovic J, Meglič A, Corradi Z, Khan M, Maver A, Vidmar MJ, Hawlina M, Cremers FPM, Fakin A. ABCA4 Variant c.5714+5G>A in Trans With Null Alleles Results in Primary RPE Damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:33. [PMID: 37728905 PMCID: PMC10516765 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the disease pathogenesis associated with the frequent ABCA4 variant c.5714+5G>A (p.[=,Glu1863Leufs*33]). Methods Patient-derived photoreceptor precursor cells were generated to analyze the effect of c.5714+5G>A on splicing and perform a quantitative analysis of c.5714+5G>A products. Patients with c.5714+5G>A in trans with a null allele (i.e., c.5714+5G>A patients; n = 7) were compared with patients with two null alleles (i.e., double null patients; n = 11); with a special attention to the degree of RPE atrophy (area of definitely decreased autofluorescence and the degree of photoreceptor impairment (outer nuclear layer thickness and pattern electroretinography amplitude). Results RT-PCR of mRNA from patient-derived photoreceptor precursor cells showed exon 40 and exon 39/40 deletion products, as well as the normal transcript. Quantification of products showed 52.4% normal and 47.6% mutant ABCA4 mRNA. Clinically, c.5714+5G>A patients displayed significantly better structural and functional preservation of photoreceptors (thicker outer nuclear layer, presence of tubulations, higher pattern electroretinography amplitude) than double null patients with similar degrees of RPE loss, whereas double null patients exhibited signs of extensive photoreceptor ,damage even in the areas with preserved RPE. Conclusions The prototypical STGD1 sequence of events of primary RPE and secondary photoreceptor damage is congruous with c.5714+5G>A, but not the double null genotype, which implies different and genotype-dependent disease mechanisms. We hypothesize that the relative photoreceptor sparing in c.5714+5G>A patients results from the remaining function of the ABCA4 transporter originating from the normally spliced product, possibly by decreasing the direct bisretinoid toxicity on photoreceptor membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sajovic
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Meglič
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zelia Corradi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mubeen Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aleš Maver
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Jarc Vidmar
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Hawlina
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Frans P. M. Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meleppat RK, Ronning KE, Karlen SJ, Burns ME, Pugh EN, Zawadzki RJ. In vivo multimodal retinal imaging of disease-related pigmentary changes in retinal pigment epithelium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16252. [PMID: 34376700 PMCID: PMC8355111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes, lipofuscin, and melanolipofuscin are the three principal types of pigmented granules found in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Changes in the density of melanosomes and lipofuscin in RPE cells are considered hallmarks of various retinal diseases, including Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Herein, we report the potential of an in vivo multimodal imaging technique based on directional back-scattering and short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-FAF) to study disease-related changes in the density of melanosomes and lipofuscin granules in RPE cells. Changes in the concentration of these granules in Abca4-/- mice (a model of Stargardt disease) relative to age-matched wild-type (WT) controls were investigated. Directional optical coherence tomography (dOCT) was used to assess melanosome density in vivo, whereas the autofluorescence (AF) images and emission spectra acquired with a spectrometer-integrated scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) were used to characterize lipofuscin and melanolipofuscin granules in the same RPE region. Subcellular-resolution ex vivo imaging using confocal fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy was performed on the same tissue region to visualize and quantify melanosomes, lipofuscin, and melanolipofuscin granules. Comparisons between in vivo and ex vivo results confirmed an increased concentration of lipofuscin granules and decreased concentration of melanosomes in the RPE of Abca4-/- mice, and provided an explanation for the differences in fluorescence and directionality of RPE scattering observed in vivo between the two mouse strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratheesh K Meleppat
- UC Davis Eyepod Imaging Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kaitryn E Ronning
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Sarah J Karlen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Marie E Burns
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Edward N Pugh
- UC Davis Eyepod Imaging Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Robert J Zawadzki
- UC Davis Eyepod Imaging Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu F, Lee J, Chen J. Molecular structures of the eukaryotic retinal importer ABCA4. eLife 2021; 10:63524. [PMID: 33605212 PMCID: PMC7932691 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family contains thousands of members with diverse functions. Movement of the substrate, powered by ATP hydrolysis, can be outward (export) or inward (import). ABCA4 is a eukaryotic importer transporting retinal to the cytosol to enter the visual cycle. It also removes toxic retinoids from the disc lumen. Mutations in ABCA4 cause impaired vision or blindness. Despite decades of clinical, biochemical, and animal model studies, the molecular mechanism of ABCA4 is unknown. Here, we report the structures of human ABCA4 in two conformations. In the absence of ATP, ABCA4 adopts an outward-facing conformation, poised to recruit substrate. The presence of ATP induces large conformational changes that could lead to substrate release. These structures provide a molecular basis to understand many disease-causing mutations and a rational guide for new experiments to uncover how ABCA4 recruits, flips, and releases retinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Liu
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,Tri-Institutional Training Program in Chemical Biology, New York, United States
| | - James Lee
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Jue Chen
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Falfoul Y, Habibi I, Turki A, Yakhlef AB, El Matri K, Chebil A, Chaker N, Schorderet D, Matri LE. Homozygous mutation in ABCA4 associated with cone rod dystrophy in a patient with Turner syndrome. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2021; 99:302-305. [PMID: 33899203 PMCID: PMC8715792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report a special case of a patient who presented with two rare genetic diseases, Turner syndrome and cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), caused by mutation in the ABCA4 gene. METHODS We present a case of a 12-year-old female with a progressive visual loss, poor night vision and short stature. We performed a clinical, karyotype of peripheral blood and molecular genetic study. DNA sample from the index patient was subjected to whole exome sequencing. Variants localized in homozygous regions were validated by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Fundus examination presented CRD phenotype and the general examination revealed short stature, aortic coarctation and infantile uterus, without visible ovaries on pelvic ultrasound. The karyotype of peripheral blood showed monosomy 45,X. We identified a known homozygous deletion c.[885delC];[885delC] in ABCA4, resulting in a frameshift at the position p.[L296Cfs*4];[ L296Cfs*4] . In addition, mutations in RPGR and ORF15 were excluded. CONCLUSIONS Several ocular disorders are known to be associated with Turner syndrome, however, in this case, we hypothesize that CRD is not related to Turner syndrome but may be a manifestation of the lack of a normal X chromosome with ABCA4 mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Falfoul
- 1-Service B, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar
| | - Imen Habibi
- 2- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology (IRO), Sion, Switzerland,UNIL, Lausanne
| | - Ahmed Turki
- 1-Service B, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar
| | - Achraf Ben Yakhlef
- 1-Service B, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar
| | - Khaled El Matri
- 1-Service B, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar
| | - Ahmed Chebil
- 1-Service B, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar
| | - Nibrass Chaker
- 1-Service B, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar
| | - Daniel Schorderet
- 2- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology (IRO), Sion, Switzerland,UNIL, Lausanne
| | - Leila El Matri
- 1-Service B, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Hédi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen ZJ, Lin KH, Lee SH, Shen RJ, Feng ZK, Wang XF, Huang XF, Huang ZQ, Jin ZB. Mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlation of inherited retinal dystrophy in Taiwan. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:486-499. [PMID: 31872526 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) is a group of irreversible retinal degenerative disorders with significant genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity, which cause difficulty in making a precise clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, the mutation spectrum of IRD in Taiwan remains unknown. Therefore, our study focused on investigating the spectrum of mutations among Taiwanese families with IRD using targeted exome sequencing (TES) technology. METHODS We recruited a total of 60 unrelated Taiwanese families with IRD; most of them were retinitis pigmentosa. We employed TES to investigate 284 candidate genes. Bioinformatics analysis, Sanger sequencing-based co-segregation testing, and computational assessment were performed to validate each mutation and its pathogenicity. The genotype-phenotype correlation was analysed in all patients with mutations defined in the guidelines provided by the American College of Medical Genetics. RESULTS We successfully identified genetic causes in 32 families (detection rate of 53.3%). Among them, 16 had a sporadic inheritance (16/36, 44.4%); eight had an autosomal recessive inheritance (8/14, 57.1%); four had an autosomal dominant inheritance (4/5, 80%); four had an X-linked inheritance (4/5, 80%). Among 38 pathological mutations in 19 known genes, 20 mutations are reported here for the first time. Novel mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations were revealed as well. CONCLUSION Here we achieved a detection rate of 53.3% and elucidated the mutation spectrum in Taiwanese families with IRD for the first time. The results indicated that CYP4V2 and USH2A might be the most common pathogenic genes in IRD patients in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ji Chen
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keng-Hung Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Huang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Juan Shen
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Kun Feng
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Huang
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Huang
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Joo K, Seong MW, Park KH, Park SS, Woo SJ. Genotypic profile and phenotype correlations of ABCA4-associated retinopathy in Koreans. Mol Vis 2019; 25:679-690. [PMID: 31814693 PMCID: PMC6857773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to analyze the clinical features associated with the pathogenic variants of ABCA4 in Korean patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). METHODS We enrolled patients with IRDs who visited a tertiary referral hospital and identified the pathogenic variants of ABCA4 through targeted gene panel sequencing and whole exome sequencing. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and phenotypic spectrum according to genotype. RESULTS Eleven patients (from nine families) with IRDs and pathogenic variants in ABCA4 were included. Eight patients (from seven families) with Stargardt disease (STGD), two (from one family) with cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), and one with early-onset retinitis pigmentosa (RP) were included. Two heterozygous mutations were identified in eight families, and one variant was found in a patient with fundus flavimaculatus. Two variants, p.Gln294Ter and p.Gln636Lys, were associated with severe phenotypes, such as early-onset RP and CRD. Four novel pathogenic variants, p.Gln636Lys, p.Ile1114del, p.Thr1117Ala, and p.Asn1588Tyr, were identified. p.Gln294Ter, p.Leu1157Ter, and p.Lys2049ArgfsTer12 were repeatedly detected in Koreans with ABCA4-associated retinal diseases (ABCA4-RD). CONCLUSIONS Various pathogenic variants of ABCA4, including four novel variants, were identified, and ABCA4-RD exhibited various phenotypes and disease severities in a Korean IRD cohort. These findings will be useful for understanding the clinical features of ABCA4-RD and ethnicity-specific variants in East Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwangsic Joo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dalvi S, Galloway CA, Winschel L, Hashim A, Soto C, Tang C, MacDonald LA, Singh R. Environmental stress impairs photoreceptor outer segment (POS) phagocytosis and degradation and induces autofluorescent material accumulation in hiPSC-RPE cells. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:96. [PMID: 31123602 PMCID: PMC6522536 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of adult blindness. Aging, the single biggest risk factor for AMD development, favors increase in RPE autofluorescent material due to accumulation of POS-digestion by-products through lysosomal dysfunction and impaired POS degradation. Apart from aging, environmental agents affect lysosomal function in multiple model systems and are implicated in AMD. Iron (Fe) overload and cigarette smoke exposure are the two environmental factors that are known to affect the lysosomal pathway and impact RPE cell health. However, the impact of Fe and cigarette smoke, on POS processing and its consequence for autofluorescent material accumulation in human RPE cells are yet to be established. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived RPE, which phagocytoses and degrades POS in culture and can be derived from control individuals (no history/susceptibility for retinal disease), provides a model system to investigate the singular effect of excess Fe and/or cigarette smoke on POS processing by RPE cells. Using at least three distinct control hiPSC lines, we show that, compared to untreated hiPSC-RPE cells, POS uptake is reduced in both Fe (ferric ammonium citrate or FAC) and FAC + CSE (cigarette smoke extract)-treated hiPSC-RPE cells. Furthermore, exposure of hiPSC-RPE cultures to FAC + CSE leads to reduced levels of active cathepsin-D (CTSD), a lysosomal enzyme involved in POS processing, and causes delayed degradation of POS. Notably, delayed degradation of POS over time (2 weeks) in hiPSC-RPE cells exposed to Fe and CSE was sufficient to increase autofluorescent material build-up in these cells. Given that inefficient POS processing-mediated autofluorescent material accumulation in RPE cells has already been linked to AMD development, our results implicate a causative role of environmental agents, like Fe and cigarette smoke, in AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Dalvi
- 1Department of Ophthalmology (Flaum Eye Institute), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Chad A Galloway
- 1Department of Ophthalmology (Flaum Eye Institute), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.,5Present Address: Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Lauren Winschel
- 1Department of Ophthalmology (Flaum Eye Institute), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Ali Hashim
- 1Department of Ophthalmology (Flaum Eye Institute), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Celia Soto
- 1Department of Ophthalmology (Flaum Eye Institute), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Cynthia Tang
- 1Department of Ophthalmology (Flaum Eye Institute), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Leslie A MacDonald
- 1Department of Ophthalmology (Flaum Eye Institute), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Ruchira Singh
- 1Department of Ophthalmology (Flaum Eye Institute), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.,3UR Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Rochester, NY USA.,4Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification of novel pathogenic ABCA4 variants in a Han Chinese family with Stargardt disease. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180872. [PMID: 30563929 PMCID: PMC6331664 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stargardt disease (STGD1, OMIM 248200) is a common hereditary juvenile or early adult onset macular degeneration. It ultimately leads to progressive central vision loss. Here, we sought to identify gene mutations associated with STGD1 in a three-generation Han Chinese pedigree by whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Two novel potentially pathogenic variants in a compound heterozygous state, c.3607G>T (p.(Gly1203Trp)) and c.6722T>C (p.(Leu2241Pro)), in the ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4 gene (ABCA4) were identified as contributing to the family’s STGD1 phenotype. These variants may impact the ABCA4 protein structure and reduce the retinal-activated ATPase activity, leading to abnormal all-trans retinal accumulation in photoreceptor outer segments and in retinal pigment epithelium cells. The present study broadens the mutational spectrum of the ABCA4 responsible for STGD1. A combination of whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing is likely to be a time-saving and cost-efficient approach to screen pathogenic variants in genetic disorders caused by sizable genes, as well as avoiding misdiagnosis. These results perhaps refine genetic counseling and ABCA4-targetted treatments for families affected by STGD1.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wan L, Deng B, Wu Z, Chen X. Exome sequencing study of 20 patients with high myopia. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5552. [PMID: 30245926 PMCID: PMC6148412 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High myopia is a common ocular disease worldwide. To expand our current understanding of the genetic basis of high myopia, we carried out a whole exome sequencing (WES) study to identify potential causal gene mutations. Methods A total of 20 individuals with high myopia were exome sequenced. A novel filtering strategy combining phenotypes and functional impact of variants was applied to identify candidate genes by multi-step bioinformatics analyses. Network and enrichment analysis were employed to examine the biological pathways involved in the candidate genes. Results In 16 out of 20 patients, we identified 20 potential pathogenic gene variants for high myopia. A total of 18 variants were located in myopia-associated chromosomal regions. In addition to the novel mutations found in five known myopia genes (ADAMTS18, CSMD1, P3H2, RPGR, and SLC39A5), we also identified pathogenic variants in seven ocular disease genes (ABCA4, CEP290, HSPG2, PCDH15, SAG, SEMA4A, and USH2A) as novel candidate genes. The biological processes associated with vision were significantly enriched in our candidate genes, including visual perception, photoreceptor cell maintenance, retinoid metabolic process, and cellular response to zinc ion starvation. Discussion Systematic mutation analysis of candidate genes was performed using WES data, functional interaction (FI) network, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment. FI network analysis revealed important network modules and regulator linker genes (EP300, CTNNB1) potentially related to high myopia development. Our study expanded the list of candidate genes associated with high myopia, which increased the genetic screening performance and provided implications for future studies on the molecular genetics of myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Boling Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengzheng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Imani S, Ijaz I, Shasaltaneh MD, Fu S, Cheng J, Fu J. Molecular genetics characterization and homology modeling of the CHM gene mutation: A study on its association with choroideremia. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 775:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
12
|
Huang XF, Huang ZQ, Fang XL, Chen ZJ, Cheng W, Jin ZB. Retinal miRNAs variations in a large cohort of inherited retinal disease. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 39:175-179. [PMID: 28704127 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1329448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although great efforts have been paid on identification of genetic predisposition in the inherited retinal disease (IRD), genetic causes of a large proportion of patients remain a mystery. This dilemma makes us attempt to speculate that genetic components other than coding genes might be an additional pool predisposing IRD. In this study, we aim to perform a mutational screening in a large cohort of IRD patients with a particular focus on retina-specific or abundant microRNAs (miRs). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 324 unrelated patients with IRD were recruited. Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) was performed to survey genetic mutations in 32 known miRs highly expressed in the retina, followed by validation with Sanger sequencing, co-segregation analysis in each family, and computational assessments. RESULTS Novel genotype-phenotype associations have been uncovered. In total, six different variants in the miRs were identified, including four rare ones, miR-216a (n.56C>A), miR-216b (n.43_44insG), miR-7-2 (n.107C>T), and miR-7-3 (n.95G>A). The other two variants, miR-182 (n.106G>A) and miR-216a (n.105T>A), were considered as polymorphic. CONCLUSIONS We for the first time screened candidate retinal miRs in patients with IRD. Although there is no convincing evidence that these variants are responsible for the IRD, the results enhance the current knowledge of the associations between IRD and miRNAs variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Feng Huang
- a Division of Ophthalmic Genetics , Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Zhi-Qin Huang
- a Division of Ophthalmic Genetics , Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Long Fang
- a Division of Ophthalmic Genetics , Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Zhen-Ji Chen
- a Division of Ophthalmic Genetics , Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Wan Cheng
- a Division of Ophthalmic Genetics , Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- a Division of Ophthalmic Genetics , Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|