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Li W, Zhou C, Cheng M, Tu H, Wang G, Mao Y, Huang Y, Chen M, Price M, Meng Y, Yue B, Zhang X. Large‐scale genetic surveys for main extant population of wild giant panda (
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
) reveals an urgent need of human management. Evol Appl 2023; 16:738-749. [PMID: 36969135 PMCID: PMC10033846 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are only six isolated living giant panda populations, and a comprehensive understanding of their genetic health status is crucial for the conservation of this vulnerable species. Liangshan Mountains is one of the main distribution areas of living giant pandas and is outside the newly established Giant panda national park. In this study, 971 giant panda fecal samples were collected in the heartland of Liangshan Mountains (Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve: MB; Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve: MG; and Heizhugou Nature Reserve: HZG). Microsatellite markers and mitochondrial D-loop sequences were used to estimate population size and genetic diversity. We identified 92 individuals (MB: 27, MG: 22, HZG: 43) from the three reserves. Our results showed that: (1) genetic diversity of three giant panda populations was moderate; (2) several loci deviated significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and almost all these deviated loci showed significant heterozygote deficiencies and inbreeding; (3) three giant panda populations have substantial genetic differentiation with the most differentiation between MB and the two other populations; and (4) a large amount of giant panda feces outside the three reserves were found, implying the existence of protection gap. These results indicated that under stochastic events, the giant panda populations in Liangshan Mountains are at risk of genetic decline or extinction and urgent need of human management. This study revealed that high attention should be paid to the protection of these giant panda populations outside the Giant panda national park, to ensure their survival in their distribution areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Meiling Cheng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Rare Animals of the Giant Panda State Park China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda Dujiangyan China
| | - Hongmei Tu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Guannan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yeming Mao
- Sichuan Heizhugou National Nature Reserve Administration Ebian China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- Sichuan Mabian National Nature Reserve Administration Leshan China
| | - Minghua Chen
- Sichuan Meigu National Nature Reserve Administration Meigu China
| | - Megan Price
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Trait variation in a successful global invader: a large-scale analysis of morphological variance and integration in the brown trout. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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3
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Jiang F, Zhang J, Song P, Qin W, Wang H, Cai Z, Gao H, Liu D, Li B, Zhang T. Identifying priority reserves favors the sustainable development of wild ungulates and the construction of Sanjiangyuan National Park. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9464. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics Xining Qinghai China
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics Xining Qinghai China
| | - Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University Xining Qinghai China
| | - Haijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhenyuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Daoxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics Xining Qinghai China
| | - Tongzuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics Xining Qinghai China
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4
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Recent population expansion in wild gaur (Bos gaurus gaurus) as revealed by microsatellite markers. Mamm Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Resistance-Based Connectivity Model to Construct Corridors of the Przewalski’s Gazelle (Procapra Przewalskii) in Fragmented Landscape. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13041656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Habitat connectivity is indispensable for the survival of species that occupy a small habitat area and have isolated habitat patches from each other. At present, the development of human economy squeezes the living space of wildlife and interferes and hinders the dispersal of species. The Przewalski’s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii) is one of the most endangered ungulates, which has experienced a significant reduction in population and severe habitat shrinkage. Although the population of this species has recovered to a certain extent, human infrastructure severely hinders the gene flow between several patches of this species. Therefore, we used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to simulate the habitat suitability of the Przewalski’s gazelle. In addition, we combined habitat suitability and ecological characteristics of the species to obtain eight habitat patches. Finally, we used the least-cost path (LCP) and circuit theory based on the resistance model to simulate the landscape network of this species. The results showed that habitat patches and connectivity in the east of the Qinghai Lake were crucial to the communication between populations of the Przewalski gazelle, and our study provided important reference for the distribution of important habitats and the construction of corridor between patches. Our study aimed to provide habitat networks and maintain landscape connectivity for achieving the fundamental goal of protecting and revitalizing populations of the Przewalski’s gazelle.
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Tiknaik A, Khedkar C, Khedkar G, Prakash B, Mamatha DM, Sangale D, Kalyankar A. Microsatellite Genotyping Corroborated Loss of Genetic Diversity in Clarias batrachus as a Result of Lack of Regulatory Reforms in Aquaculture. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:595-616. [PMID: 32285324 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In India, over the past 50 years, aquaculture practices of species such as those used for Clarias batrachus were developed without adequate regulatory oversight. In these situations, it is important to consider the influence that genetic factors can have on such vulnerable aquaculture species. Population genetic structure can be evaluated through the use of neutral molecular markers, and this can aid in predicting the risk of the demise of populations and for framing management strategies to conserve remaining populations. The study presented here reports on the genetic status of C. batrachus populations through the analysis of data collected using 22 microsatellite markers from seven natural and one hatchery population. The mean values for observed heterozygosity across loci within populations ranged from 0.242 to 0.485. Measures of genetic differentiation were low overall, with mean values for FST of 0.270, FIS of 0.113 and FIT of 0.353. An AMOVA analysis revealed that percentages of variation among and within populations were 27.16 and 6.86, respectively, and Bayesian clustering analyses showed a population subdivision consisting of five clusters with admixture of haplotypes from other populations leading to genetic bottleneck. We also examined how hatchery management factors leading to excessive exchanges of fish between river systems through could impact the structure of the C. batrachus populations. Overall, this study shows how the systematic use of molecular markers can facilitate the development of management policies for these populations and for the development of a comprehensive set of rules for hatcheries and aquaculture practices, including avoidance of excessive homozygosity by avoiding repeated use of feral broodstock and their interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Tiknaik
- Paul Hebert Centre for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India
| | - Chandraprakash Khedkar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Technology, Maharashtra Animal Science and Fisheries University, Seminari Hill, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440001, India
| | - Gulab Khedkar
- Paul Hebert Centre for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India.
| | - Bharathi Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, University College, Hampenkatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Dadala Mary Mamatha
- Department of Seri Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517502, India
| | - Deepali Sangale
- Paul Hebert Centre for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India
| | - Amol Kalyankar
- Paul Hebert Centre for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India
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Effects of habitat fragment size and isolation on the density and genetics of urban red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-00958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pei J, Wang L, Xu W, Kurz DJ, Geng J, Fang H, Guo X, Niu Z. Recovered Tibetan antelope at risk again. Science 2019; 366:194. [PMID: 31601763 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pei
- The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - Li Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - David J Kurz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - Jing Geng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA.,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huajun Fang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinlei Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zheng Niu
- The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Qiao M, Connor T, Shi X, Huang J, Huang Y, Zhang H, Ran J. Population genetics reveals high connectivity of giant panda populations across human disturbance features in key nature reserve. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1809-1819. [PMID: 30847074 PMCID: PMC6392360 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant panda is an example of a species that has faced extensive historical habitat fragmentation, and anthropogenic disturbance and is assumed to be isolated in numerous subpopulations with limited gene flow between them. To investigate the population size, health, and connectivity of pandas in a key habitat area, we noninvasively collected a total of 539 fresh wild giant panda fecal samples for DNA extraction within Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China. Seven validated tetra-microsatellite markers were used to analyze each sample, and a total of 142 unique genotypes were identified. Nonspatial and spatial capture-recapture models estimated the population size of the reserve at 164 and 137 individuals (95% confidence intervals 153-175 and 115-163), respectively. Relatively high levels of genetic variation and low levels of inbreeding were estimated, indicating adequate genetic diversity. Surprisingly, no significant genetic boundaries were found within the population despite the national road G350 that bisects the reserve, which is also bordered with patches of development and agricultural land. We attribute this to high rates of migration, with four giant panda road-crossing events confirmed within a year based on repeated captures of individuals. This likely means that giant panda populations within mountain ranges are better connected than previously thought. Increased development and tourism traffic in the area and throughout the current panda distribution pose a threat of increasing population isolation, however. Maintaining and restoring adequate habitat corridors for dispersal is thus a vital step for preserving the levels of gene flow seen in our analysis and the continued conservation of the giant panda meta-population in both Wolong and throughout their current range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiju Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaDujiangyanChina
| | - Thomas Connor
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | | | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaDujiangyanChina
| | - Hemin Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaDujiangyanChina
| | - Jianghong Ran
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Chen J, Lin G, Qin W, Yan J, Zhang T, Su J. The roles of calving migration and climate change in the formation of the weak genetic structure in the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii). Integr Zool 2018; 14:248-258. [PMID: 29851262 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Geographical barriers and distance can reduce gene exchange among animals, resulting in genetic divergence of geographically isolated populations. The Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) has a geographical range of approximately 1600 km across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which comprises a series of tall mountains and big rivers. However, previous studies indicate that there is little genetic differentiation among their geographically delineated populations. To better understand the genetic structure of P. hodgsonii populations, we collected 145 samples from the 3 major calving regions, taking into consideration their various calving grounds and migration routes. We used a combination of mitochondrial sequences (Cyt b, ATPase, D-loop and COX I) to investigate the genetic structure and the evolutionary divergence of the populations. Significant, albeit weak, genetic differentiation was detected among the 3 geographical populations. Analysis of the genetic divergence process revealed that the animals gradually entered a period of rapid genetic differentiation approximately 60 000 years ago. The calving migration of P. hodgsonii cannot be the main cause of their weak genetic structure because this cannot fully homogenize the genetic pool. Instead, the geological and climatic events as well as the coupling vegetation succession process during this period have been suggested to greatly contribute to the genetic structure and the expansion of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Chen
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gonghua Lin
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyan Yan
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongzuo Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Jianping Su
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
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