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Fan S, Kang B, Li S, Li W, Chen C, Chen J, Deng L, Chen D, Zhou J. Exploring the multifaceted role of RASGRP1 in disease: immune, neural, metabolic, and oncogenic perspectives. Cell Cycle 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38865342 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2366009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 (RASGRP1) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) characterized by the presence of a RAS superfamily GEF domain. It functions as a diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor, specifically activating RAS through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Activation of RAS by RASGRP1 has a wide range of downstream effects at the cellular level. Thus, it is not surprising that many diseases are associated with RASGRP1 disorders. Here, we present an overview of the structure and function of RASGRP1, its crucial role in the development, expression, and regulation of immune cells, and its involvement in various signaling pathways. This review comprehensively explores the relationship between RASGRP1 and various diseases, elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms of RASGRP1 in each disease, and identifies potential therapeutic targets. This study provides novel insights into the role of RASGRP1 in insulin secretion and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for diabetes. The limitations and challenges associated with studying RASGRP1 in disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Canyu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lijing Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Danjun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiecan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Cosgrove BD, Bounds LR, Taylor CK, Su AL, Rizzo AJ, Barrera A, Crawford GE, Hoffman BD, Gersbach CA. Mechanosensitive genomic enhancers potentiate the cellular response to matrix stiffness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.574997. [PMID: 38260455 PMCID: PMC10802421 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.574997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic control of cellular transcription and phenotype is influenced by changes in the cellular microenvironment, yet how mechanical cues from these microenvironments precisely influence epigenetic state to regulate transcription remains largely unmapped. Here, we combine genome-wide epigenome profiling, epigenome editing, and phenotypic and single-cell RNA-seq CRISPR screening to identify a new class of genomic enhancers that responds to the mechanical microenvironment. These 'mechanoenhancers' could be active on either soft or stiff extracellular matrix contexts, and regulated transcription to influence critical cell functions including apoptosis, mechanotransduction, proliferation, and migration. Epigenetic editing of mechanoenhancers on rigid materials tuned gene expression to levels observed on softer materials, thereby reprogramming the cellular response to the mechanical microenvironment. These editing approaches may enable the precise alteration of mechanically-driven disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Cosgrove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lexi R. Bounds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Carson Key Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alan L. Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anthony J. Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alejandro Barrera
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gregory E. Crawford
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brenton D. Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Charles A. Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Liu X, Zhao Y, Niu Y, Xie Q, Nie H, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhu S, Zuo W, Yu C. Urinary single-cell sequence analysis of the urinary macrophage in different outcomes of membranous nephropathy. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:2405-2416. [PMID: 38046013 PMCID: PMC10689170 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of membranous nephropathy (MN). However, a significant number of patients do not respond to immunosuppressive therapy and eventually progress to end-stage kidney disease. To investigate the mechanism of different outcome of MN, we performed single-cell sequencing to analyze the urine cells of patients with and without complete remission of MN. Methods Urine single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 12 healthy controls (HC) and 15 patients with MN. The patients were divided into a complete remission group (CR, n = 9) and a no remission group (NR, n = 6). Results (i) Macrophages were the largest group in urine cells, comprising 48.02%, 68.96% and 20.95% in the HC, CR and NR groups, respectively. (ii) Urinary macrophages expressing FIColin-1 and S100 calcium-binding protein A8 were mainly found in the HC and CR groups, indicating that they were derived from bone marrow and peripheral blood, while the urinary macrophages expressing the regulator of G-protein signaling 1 (RGS1) and HLA-DPA1, mainly found in the NR group, were derived from renal resident macrophages. (iii) In healthy adults, urine macrophages expressed the metallothionein family, indicating that they can regulate anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory functions bidirectionally. In the CR group, the urine macrophages showed strong proinflammatory properties. In the NR group, the urinary macrophages mainly associated with the level of proteinuria and the impaired renal function. Conclusions Our study firstly delineated the differences in urinary cell maps between healthy individuals and MN patients with CR or NR outcomes. Not only the origin but also the function of urine macrophages were different in the HC, CR and NR groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qionghong Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, and Nephrology Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Nie
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiu Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saiya Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Mansour R, El-Orfali Y, Saidu A, Al-Kalamouni H, Mardirossian H, Hanna-Wakim R, Abboud M, Massaad MJ. A novel homozygous mutation in RASGRP1 that predisposes to immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency associated with uncontrolled Epstein-Barr virus-induced B cell proliferation. Clin Immunol 2023; 257:109813. [PMID: 37898412 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RASGRP1-deficiency results in an immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency that manifest as autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, lymphopenia, defective T cell function, and increased incidence of Epstein-Bar Virus infections and lymphomas. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and infections in a male patient of consanguineous parents from Lebanon. METHODS Genetic diagnosis was obtained using next generation and Sanger sequencing. Protein expression and phosphorylation were determined by immunoblotting. T and B cell development and function were studied by flow cytometry. Cytokine and immunoglobulin secretions were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The patient suffered from severe lymphopenia especially affecting the T cell compartment. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous insertion of adenine at position 1396_1397 in RASGRP1 that abolished protein expression and downstream Ras signaling. T cells from the patient showed severe activation defects resulting in uncontrolled Epstein-Bar Virus-induced B cell proliferation. B cells from the patient were normal. CONCLUSION This report expands the spectrum of mutations in patients with RasGRP1 deficiency, and provides evidence for the important role RasGRP1 plays in the ability of T cells to control Epstein-Bar Virus-induced B cell proliferation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Following diagnosis, the patient will be maintained on oral valganciclovir and monitored regularly for Epstein-Bar Virus infections to avoid the development of Epstein-Bar Virus- induced B cell lymphoma. He is also candidate for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Mansour
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youmna El-Orfali
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Adam Saidu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Habib Al-Kalamouni
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hagop Mardirossian
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rima Hanna-Wakim
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Miguel Abboud
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Children's Cancer Center of Lebanon, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michel J Massaad
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Research Center of Excellence in Immunity and Infections, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Yang X, Yuan Y, Shao X, Pang H, Che X, Cao L, Zhang M, Xu Y, Ni Z, Qi C, Wang Q, Mou S. C4d as a Screening Tool and an Independent Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Lupus Nephritis and IgA Nephropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:832998. [PMID: 35174193 PMCID: PMC8841560 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.832998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As an indispensable marker of complement cascades activation, C4d was confirmed of its crucial role in the pathogenesis of both lupus nephritis (LN) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN). While the studies directly comparing the diagnostic value, and outcomes predicting function of C4d between LN and IgAN are still absent. Methods A cohort of 120 LN patients, 120 IgAN patients who were diagnosed by renal biopsy between January 2015 and December 2017 and 24 healthy age matched controls were prospectively analyzed. The patients were followed till December 2020. The outcomes were adverse disease treatment response (disease relapse) and kidney disease progression event (decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate by more than 20% or end-stage kidney disease). The renal C4d deposition proportion and pattern were compared between IgAN and LN patients. In addition, the relationship between renal C4d deposition and disease subtypes, disease relapse as well as disease progression for LN and IgAN patients were also analyzed. Results The LN, IgAN patients and healthy controls were well matched in ages. The follow-up period was 38.5 (30.3–60.8) months for LN patients and 45.0 (30.5–57.0) months for IgAN patients. 78 patients (65.0%) with LN had renal C4d deposition, compared with only 39 IgAN patients (32.5%) with C4d deposition in renal tissues (P < 0.001). The LN patients shared different renal C4d distribution patterns with IgAN patients. Compared with IgAN patients, the C4d deposition in LN patients was significantly more in renal glomerulus (P < 0.001) and less in renal tubules (P = 0.003). For disease subtypes, renal C4d deposition was especially strong in class V membranous LN and IgAN with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (T1/T2) lesions. Renal C4d deposition was independently correlated with the disease relapse of LN patients (HR = 1.007, P = 0.040), and acted as an independent predictor of disease progression during the follow-up period for IgAN patients (HR = 1.821, P = 0.040). Conclusions Renal C4d distribution proportion and pattern differed between LN and IgAN patients. The presence of C4d in renal tissue acted as an independent predictor of relapse for LN patients and disease progression for IgAN patients.
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Joshi H, Vastrad B, Joshi N, Vastrad C. Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals novel key biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221137005. [PMID: 36385790 PMCID: PMC9661593 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221137005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The underlying molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy have yet not been investigated clearly. In this investigation, we aimed to identify key genes involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: We downloaded next-generation sequencing data set GSE142025 from Gene Expression Omnibus database having 28 diabetic nephropathy samples and nine normal control samples. The differentially expressed genes between diabetic nephropathy and normal control samples were analyzed. Biological function analysis of the differentially expressed genes was enriched by Gene Ontology and REACTOME pathways. Then, we established the protein–protein interaction network, modules, miRNA-differentially expressed gene regulatory network and transcription factor-differentially expressed gene regulatory network. Hub genes were validated by using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: A total of 549 differentially expressed genes were detected including 275 upregulated and 274 downregulated genes. The biological process analysis of functional enrichment showed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in cell activation, integral component of plasma membrane, lipid binding, and biological oxidations. Analyzing the protein–protein interaction network, miRNA-differentially expressed gene regulatory network and transcription factor-differentially expressed gene regulatory network, we screened hub genes MDFI, LCK, BTK, IRF4, PRKCB, EGR1, JUN, FOS, ALB, and NR4A1 by the Cytoscape software. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed that hub genes were of diagnostic value. Conclusions: Taken above, using integrated bioinformatics analysis, we have identified key genes and pathways in diabetic nephropathy, which could improve our understanding of the cause and underlying molecular events, and these key genes and pathways might be therapeutic targets for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Joshi
- Endocrine and Diabetes Care Center, Hubbali, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE Society’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag, India
| | - Nidhi Joshi
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Dharwad, India
- Chanabasayya Vastrad, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, India.
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Lin Y, Yin P, Zhu Z, Peng Y, Li M, Li J, Liang L, Yu X. Epigenome-wide association study and network analysis for IgA Nephropathy from CD19 + B-cell in Chinese Population. Epigenetics 2021; 16:1283-1294. [PMID: 33319642 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1861171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease in China and worldwide. The proliferation of B cells is known to be associated with both risk and prognosis of IgAN, but the epigenetic mechanism underlying this association is unknown. In this study we carried out the first Epigenome-wide Association Study (EWAS) by using the latest Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip on 184 B cell-specific samples (92 case/control pairs) for Chinese IgAN population. After rigorous data normalization and residual batch effect correction, linear mixed effect model was used to detect methylation CpG sites associated with IgAN adjusting for age, gender and smoking. False discovery rate (FDR) less than 10% was used to account for multiple testing. Weighted gene co-methylation networks were generated to identify gene modules highly correlated with IgAN. A permutation test was performed to account for the potential effect of overfitting. After adjusting clinical covariates and potential technical batch effects, three CpGs corresponding to PCDH17, TERT, WDR82 genes and three in the intergenic regions passed the genome-wide significant threshold. Methylation network analysis identified an additional IgAN associated gene module, containing 72 significant CpGs including GALNT6, IQSEC1, CDC16 and SYS1, involved in the pathway related to tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis of IgAN. These results suggested important DNA methylation and gene targets in CD19+ B cells for the pathogenesis of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lin
- Precision Medicine Center, Department of Urology, Medical Device Regulatory Research and Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peiran Yin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multiple system involvement and positive serum autoantibodies. Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common and serious complication of SLE, and it is the main cause of death in patients with SLE. Abnormalities in the immune system lead to LN and involve a variety of cells (T cells, B cells, macrophages, NK cells, etc.), cytokines (interleukin, tumor necrosis factor α, etc.) and their related pathways. Previous studies have shown that the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis and development of LN. In recent years, one genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a number of gene association studies have explored the susceptibility genes of LN, including immunization-, inflammation-, adhesion- and other pathway-related genes. These genes participate in or suggest the pathogenesis and progression of LN. In this review, we summarize the genetic susceptibility of LN and discuss the possible mechanism underlying the susceptibility genes of LN.
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Venous thromboembolism, factor VIII and chronic kidney disease. Thromb Res 2018; 170:10-19. [PMID: 30081388 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 30 million Americans and is associated with approximately a two-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). There is a graded increased risk of VTE across declining kidney function, as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. When patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) experience VTE they are more likely than the general population to be hospitalized and they have a higher mortality. The incidence and consequences of VTE may also differ depending on the cause of kidney disease. In addition, kidney transplant patients with VTE are at a greater risk for death and graft loss than transplant patients without VTE. The reasons that patients with CKD are at increased risk of VTE are not well understood, but recent data suggest that factor VIII is a mediator. Factor VIII is an essential cofactor in the coagulation cascade and a strong risk factor for VTE in general. It is inversely correlated with eGFR and prospective studies demonstrate that factor VIII activity predicts incident CKD and rapid eGFR decline. The etiology of CKD may also influence factor VIII levels. This review summarizes the epidemiology VTE in CKD and reviews the biochemistry of factor VIII and determinants of its levels, including von Willebrand factor and ABO blood group. We explore mechanisms by which the complications of CKD might give rise to higher factor VIII and suggests future research directions to understand how factor VIII and CKD are linked.
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Somekh I, Marquardt B, Liu Y, Rohlfs M, Hollizeck S, Karakukcu M, Unal E, Yilmaz E, Patiroglu T, Cansever M, Frizinsky S, Vishnvenska-Dai V, Rechavi E, Stauber T, Simon AJ, Lev A, Klein C, Kotlarz D, Somech R. Novel Mutations in RASGRP1 are Associated with Immunodeficiency, Immune Dysregulation, and EBV-Induced Lymphoma. J Clin Immunol 2018; 38:699-710. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Latour S, Winter S. Inherited Immunodeficiencies With High Predisposition to Epstein-Barr Virus-Driven Lymphoproliferative Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1103. [PMID: 29942301 PMCID: PMC6004768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) is a gamma-herpes virus that infects 90% of humans without any symptoms in most cases, but has an oncogenic potential, especially in immunocompromised individuals. In the past 30 years, several primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) associated with a high risk to develop EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs), essentially consisting of virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, non-malignant and malignant B-cell LPDs including non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin’s types of B lymphomas have been characterized. Among them are SH2D1A (SAP), XIAP, ITK, MAGT1, CD27, CD70, CTPS1, RASGRP1, and CORO1A deficiencies. Penetrance of EBV infection ranges from 50 to 100% in those PIDs. Description of large cohorts and case reports has refined the specific phenotypes associated with these PIDs helping to the diagnosis. Specific pathways required for protective immunity to EBV have emerged from studies of these PIDs. SLAM-associated protein-dependent SLAM receptors and MAGT1-dependent NKG2D pathways are important for T and NK-cell cytotoxicity toward EBV-infected B-cells, while CD27–CD70 interactions are critical to drive the expansion of EBV-specific T-cells. CTPS1 and RASGRP1 deficiencies further strengthen that T-lymphocyte expansion is a key step in the immune response to EBV. These pathways appear to be also important for the anti-tumoral immune surveillance of abnormal B cells. Monogenic PIDs should be thus considered in case of any EBV-associated LPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe de Recherche Labéllisée, Ligue National contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Winter
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe de Recherche Labéllisée, Ligue National contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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12
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Limou S, Vince N, Parsa A. Lessons from CKD-Related Genetic Association Studies-Moving Forward. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:140-152. [PMID: 29242368 PMCID: PMC5753320 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.09030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, genetic association studies have uncovered numerous determinants of kidney function in the general, diabetic, hypertensive, CKD, ESRD, and GN-based study populations (e.g., IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, FSGS). These studies have led to numerous novel and unanticipated findings, which are helping improve our understanding of factors and pathways affecting both normal and pathologic kidney function. In this review, we report on major discoveries and advances resulting from this rapidly progressing research domain. We also predict some of the next steps the nephrology community should embrace to accelerate the identification of genetic and molecular processes leading to kidney dysfunction, pathophysiologically based disease subgroups, and specific therapeutic targets, as we attempt to transition toward a more precision-based medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Limou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie et Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
- Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Basic Science Program, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Nicolas Vince
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie et Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Afshin Parsa
- Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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Zhang YM, Zhou XJ, Zhang H. What Genetics Tells Us About the Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy: The Role of Immune Factors and Infection. Kidney Int Rep 2017; 2:318-331. [PMID: 29142962 PMCID: PMC5678660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis, which is characterized by IgA1-containing immune-deposits in the glomerular mesangium. The epidemiologic observations of familial clustering as well as ethnic and regional discrepancies indicate a genetic component to IgAN. Large, international, genome-wide association studies have identified several susceptibility genes and loci for IgAN, many of which have been implicated in immune regulation and are shared with other autoimmune diseases. Notably, increasing numbers of genes involved in mucosal immunity have been detected; such genes may impact the susceptibility and progression of IgAN through interaction with environmental stimuli (especially infection). Here, we discuss the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that drive protective immunity against pathogens. Our goal is to provide a representative overview of the synergistic roles between genetic predisposition and infection in IgAN pathogenesis. We anticipate that these results will provide potential therapeutic agents and advances in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Miao Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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14
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Druey KM. Emerging Roles of Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) Proteins in the Immune System. Adv Immunol 2017; 136:315-351. [PMID: 28950950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk M Druey
- Molecular Signal Transduction Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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