1
|
Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang N, Wang J, Ma Y, Yu M, Wang Y, Zhao L, Jiang Z. In Situ Study of the Magnetic Field Gradient Produced by a Miniature Bi-Planar Coil for Chip-Scale Atomic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1985. [PMID: 38004842 PMCID: PMC10673043 DOI: 10.3390/mi14111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of quantum sensors is a popular trend for the development of quantum technology. One of the key components of these sensors is a coil which is used for spin modulation and manipulation. The bi-planar coils have the advantage of producing three-dimensional magnetic fields with only two planes of current confinement, whereas the traditional Helmholtz coils require three-dimensional current distribution. Thus, the bi-planar coils are compatible with the current micro-fabrication process and are quite suitable for the compact design of the chip-scale atomic devices that require stable or modulated magnetic fields. This paper presents a design of a miniature bi-planar coil. Both the magnetic fields produced by the coils and their inhomogeneities were designed theoretically. The magnetic field gradient is a crucial parameter for the coils, especially for generating magnetic fields in very small areas. We used a NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) method based on the relaxation of 131Xe nuclear spins to measure the magnetic field gradient in situ. This is the first time that the field inhomogeneities of the field of such small bi-planar coils have been measured. Our results indicate that the designed gradient caused error is 0.08 for the By and the Bx coils, and the measured gradient caused error using the nuclear spin relaxation method is 0.09±0.02, suggesting that our method is suitable for measuring gradients. Due to the poor sensitivity of our magnetometer under a large Bz bias field, we could not measure the Bz magnetic field gradient. Our method also helps to improve the gradients of the miniature bi-planar coil design, which is critical for chip-scale atomic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering, Beijing 100854, China;
| | - Yintao Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Mingzhi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Yanbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Constraints on exotic spin-velocity-dependent interactions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7387. [PMID: 36450723 PMCID: PMC9712588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental searches for exotic spin-dependent forces are attracting a lot of attention because they allow to test theoretical extensions to the standard model. Here, we report an experimental search for possible exotic spin-dependent force, specifically spin-and-velocity-dependent forces, by using a K-Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer and a tungsten ring featuring a high nucleon density. Taking advantage of the high sensitivity of the co-magnetometer, the pseudomagnetic field from this exotic force is measured to be ≤7 aT. This sets limits on coupling constants for the neutron-nucleon and proton-nucleon interactions in the range of ≥0.1 m (mediator boson mass ≤2 μeV). The coupling constant limits are established to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which are more than one order of magnitude tighter than astronomical and cosmological limits on the coupling between the new gauge boson such as Z' and standard model particles.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Zhao L, Ma Y, Yu M, Wang Y, Zhang N, Wei K, Jiang Z. Spin exchange optically pumped nuclear spin self compensation system for moving magnetoencephalography measurement. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5937-5951. [PMID: 36733752 PMCID: PMC9872881 DOI: 10.1364/boe.474862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recording moving magnetoencephalograms (MEGs ), in which a person's head can move freely as the brain's magnetic field is recorded, has been a key subject in recent years. Here, we describe a method based on an optically pumped atomic co-magnetometer (OPACM) for recording moving MEGs. In the OPACM, hyper-polarized nuclear spins produce a magnetic field that blocks the background fluctuation low-frequency magnetic field noise while the rapidly changing MEG signal is recorded. In this study, the magnetic field compensation was studied theoretically, and we found that the compensation is closely related to several parameters such as the electron spin magnetic field, nuclear spin magnetic field, and holding magnetic field. Furthermore, the magnetic field compensation was optimized based on a theoretical model . We also experimentally studied the magnetic field compensation and measured the responses of the OPACM to different magnetic field frequencies. We show that the OPACM clearly suppresses low-frequency (under 1 Hz) magnetic fields. However, the OPACM responses to magnetic field frequencies around the band of the MEG. A magnetic field sensitivity of 3 fT/Hz1/2 was achieved. Finally, we performed a simulation of the OPACM during utilization for moving MEG recording. For comparison, the traditional compensation system for moving MEG recording is based on a coil that is around 2 m in dimension , while our compensation system is only 2 mm in dimension .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yintao Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Mingzhi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Kai Wei
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang Y, Jiang L, Liu J, Zhu J, Shao Q, Fan S, Li X, Quan W. Single-beam comagnetometer using elliptically polarized light for dual-axis rotation measurement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:38216-38228. [PMID: 36258388 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a single-beam spin-exchange relaxation-free comagnetometer using elliptically polarized light for dual-axis rotation measurement. The light beam propagating through the glass cell is simultaneously used for optical pumping and signal extraction. Combined with transverse magnetic field modulation, the rotation information can be collected through a balanced polarimeter module and a lock-in amplifier. Also, we propose a decoupling method by adjusting the phase shift of the reference signal, allowing the device to realize biaxial signal decoupling while still maintaining its self-compensation state. Compared to those without decoupling, our method improves the performance of our device in its signal-to-noise ratio and rotation sensitivity. The single-beam comagnetometer scheme and the decoupling method have a positive impact on the development of miniaturized atomic sensors for high-precision inertial measurement.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Jiang L, Liang Y, Tian M, Quan W. Investigation on the pulse response of a spin-exchange relaxation-free comagnetometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:25509-25521. [PMID: 36237079 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the magnetic pulse response of the optically pumped comagnetometer operated in the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime. The pulse response model describing the evolution of the coupled spin ensemble of alkali metal and noble gas during and after the pulse is established for the first time. A three-beam comagnetometer is created with a circularly and two linearly polarized lasers to detect the responses in the three axes of the comagnetometer simultaneously and independently. The results indicate that the response to the small pulse excitation is dominated by the electron spins, while the response to the large pulse excitation and both responses after the pulse excitation consist of a fast and a slow oscillation, which are dominated by the electron spins and nuclear spins, respectively. We also observe novel dynamics of the coupled spin ensemble when the nuclear spins are tipped far away from equilibrium. The theory and method presented here can not only facilitate the investigation on the dynamics of the optically pumped coupled spin ensemble, but also shed light on the application of the pulse modulation technology in the SERF comagnetometer.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Zhao L, Zhang N, Yu M, Ma Y, Han X, Zhao M, Lin Q, Yang P, Jiang Z. Single beam Cs-Ne SERF atomic magnetometer with the laser power differential method. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:16541-16552. [PMID: 36221495 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe a single beam compact spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) magnetometer whose configuration is simple and compatible with the silicon-glass bonding micro-machining method. Due to the small size of the vapor cell utilized in a miniature atomic magnetometer, the wall relaxation could not be neglected. In this study we show that Ne buffer gas is more efficient than that of the other typically utilized gas species such as nitrogen and helium for wall relaxation reduction theoretically and experimentally. 3 Amagats (1 Amagat=2.69×1019/cm3) Ne gas is filled in the vapor cell and this is the first demonstration of a Cs-Ne SERF magnetometer. In order to reduce the laser amplitude noise and the large background detection offset, which is reported to be the main noise source of a single beam absorption SERF magnetometer, we developed a laser power differential method and a factor of approximately two improvement of the power noise suppression has been demonstrated. In order to reduce the power consumption of the magnetometer, the Cs based atomic magnetometer is studied. We did an optimization of the magnetometer and a sensitivity of 23fT/Hz1/2@100Hz has been achieved. This is the first demonstration of a single beam Cs based SERF magnetometer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu S, Wang R, Yuan L, Wu J, Yuan Q, Zhu J, Fan W, Wang Z, Du P. Transverse light-shift in a spin-exchange relaxation-free co-magnetometer: measurement, decoupling, and suppression. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:15310-15326. [PMID: 35473254 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The transverse light-shift can induce non-negligible polarization error in the output signal of spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometer. In this paper, a novel method for rapid measurement of transverse light-shift based on the error of steady-state response of co-magnetometer is proposed firstly, then the sources of transverse light-shift in a compact SERF co-magnetometer is modeled and analyzed from three aspects: the non-ideal linear polarization of probe laser, the circular dichroism of the atomic spin ensembles, and the stress-induced birefringence effect of the cell wall. Furthermore, the decoupling and suppression methods of transverse light-shift based on a degree of circular polarization (DOCP) regulation scheme is presented, to realize the decoupling measurement of the transverse light-shift introduced by the whole co-magnetometer cell, and cancel it out with the non-ideal linear polarization of the probe laser. Eventually, the DOCP regulation scheme suggested in this paper achieves more than a 67% suppression ratio in transverse light-shift, and the short- and long-term performance of SERF co-magnetometer are improved due to the reduction of the coupling effect between the probe laser power and transverse field. Moreover, the measurement, decoupling and suppression methods provided in this paper also have the potential to be applied to other atomic sensors, such as the SERF magnetometers and nuclear spin co-magnetometers.
Collapse
|
8
|
Padniuk M, Kopciuch M, Cipolletti R, Wickenbrock A, Budker D, Pustelny S. Response of atomic spin-based sensors to magnetic and nonmagnetic perturbations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:324. [PMID: 35013346 PMCID: PMC8748673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Searches for pseudo-magnetic spin couplings require implementation of techniques capable of sensitive detection of such interactions. While Spin-Exchange Relaxation Free (SERF) magnetometry is one of the most powerful approaches enabling the searches, it suffers from a strong magnetic coupling, deteriorating the pseudo-magnetic coupling sensitivity. To address this problem, here, we compare, via numerical simulations, the performance of SERF magnetometer and noble-gas-alkali-metal co-magnetometer, operating in a so-called self-compensating regime. We demonstrate that the co-magnetometer allows reduction of the sensitivity to low-frequency magnetic fields without loss of the sensitivity to nonmagnetic couplings. Based on that we investigate the responses of both systems to the oscillating and transient spin perturbations. Our simulations reveal about five orders of magnitude stronger response to the neutron pseudo-magnetic coupling and about three orders of magnitude stronger response to the proton pseudo-magnetic coupling of the co-magnetometer than those of the SERF magnetometer. Different frequency responses of the co-magnetometer to magnetic and nonmagnetic perturbations enables differentiation between these two types of interactions. This outlines the ability to implement the co-magnetometer as an advanced sensor for the Global Network of Optical Magnetometer for Exotic Physics searches (GNOME), aiming at detection of ultra-light bosons (e.g., axion-like particles).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Padniuk
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marek Kopciuch
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Riccardo Cipolletti
- Helmholtz Institute, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat at Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Sector Research and Advance Engineering, Advanced Technologies and Micro Systems, 71272, Renningen, Germany
| | - Arne Wickenbrock
- Helmholtz Institute, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat at Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz Institute, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat at Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Szymon Pustelny
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi M. Investigation on magnetic field response of a 87Rb- 129Xe atomic spin comagnetometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:32033-32041. [PMID: 33115166 DOI: 10.1364/oe.404809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic field response of a 87Rb-129Xe atomic spin comagnetometer operated in the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime was investigated. The response model of the comagnetometer to the transverse magnetic fields along the y-axis and the x-axis considering the couple of electron spin and nuclear spin is presented. In the experiment, a high hybrid resonance peak near low-frequency was observed. By fitting the hybrid resonance with the presented response model, a pair of poles at 0.62 Hz and 1.8 Hz were obtained which correspond to the nuclear spin resonance and the electron spin resonance, respectively. The magnetic field response characteristic of the 87Rb-129Xe comagnetometer with different nuclear magnetic fields and electronic magnetic fields was simulated and analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the hybrid resonance frequency can be right-shifted by the larger nuclear magnetic field while the magnetic field suppression factor can be decreased by the larger electron magnetic field. This study is helpful to improve the performance of the atomic spin gyroscope based on the 87Rb-129Xe comagnetometer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu Y, Zhai Y, Fan W, Zhang Y, Xing L, Jiang L, Quan W. Nuclear magnetic field measurement of the spin-exchange optically pumped noble gas in a self-compensated atomic comagnetometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:17683-17696. [PMID: 32679973 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new method to determine the nuclear magnetic field of the spin-exchange optically pumped noble gas in a self-compensated atomic comagnetometer based on the steady-state AC response. The result shows that it has higher resolution and precision than a previous method based on the transient process. Furthermore, a convergence frequency is observed in the low-frequency region and its parameter dependence is studied simulatively, which may inspire further research into its relationship with the strong suppression mechanism of the self-compensation ability for the low-frequency magnetic field. We also prove that this method can be developed for suppression of residual main magnetic field to improve the systematic stability of the comagnetometer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xing L, Zhai Y, Fan W, Huang J, Song T, Ye W, Quan W. Miniaturized optical rotation detection system based on liquid crystal variable retarder in a K-Rb- 21Ne gyroscope. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:38061-38070. [PMID: 31878578 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.038061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to control the light intensity stability and modulate the probe light polarization using a liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR) to detect atomic spin precession simultaneously in a K-Rb-21Ne gyroscope is reported. A sinusoidal driving voltage is applied to drive the LCVR and is skillfully used to produce a high-frequency modulation for the probe light. The modulation helps to avoid electronic detection noise appearing at low frequencies and allows for phase-sensitive detection. The coefficient of rate ramp can be reduced from 1.31 (deg/h)/h to 0.05 (deg/h)/h (Allan deviation), and the bias instability of about 0.08 deg/h at the averaging time of 200 s is achieved. Therefore, the long-term stability of the angular velocity measurement can be improved and other optical modulators can be replaced to facilitate the miniaturization of the gyroscope by using this intensity modulation detection method. This optical rotation detection method also can be applied to other miniaturized atomic sensors, such as atomic magnetometers.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ji W, Chen Y, Fu C, Ding M, Fang J, Xiao Z, Wei K, Yan H. New Experimental Limits on Exotic Spin-Spin-Velocity-Dependent Interactions by Using SmCo_{5} Spin Sources. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:261803. [PMID: 30636143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.261803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great success of the standard model (SM), there still exist mysteries like the nature of dark matter, the strong CP problems, etc. To solve them, many theories proposed new bosons beyond the SM that can mediate new forces. Here, we report the latest results of searching for possible new long-range spin-spin-velocity-dependent forces (SSVDFs), based on specially designed iron-shielded SmCo_{5} spin sources and a spin exchange relaxation free comagnetometer. With help from the similarity analysis method, new constraints on some forms of SSVDFs between electrons have been obtained, which represent up to more than 11 orders of magnitude tighter limits than previous experiments for the force range of 5 cm-1 km.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changbo Fu
- INPAC and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ming Ding
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiancheng Fang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhigang Xiao
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kai Wei
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haiyang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, CAEP, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Quan W, Shen K, Zhai Y, Wang X, Jiang L, Fan W, Liu F, Qin J, Wan S. Precision measurements of optically thick alkali metal number density within a hybrid alkali metal cell. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:5714-5719. [PMID: 30118040 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.005714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The number density of alkali metal vapors and their ratio within hybrid cells is of great significance for the optimal rotation sensitivity of alkali metal-noble gas comagnetometers. To measure the number density of optically thick Rb vapor accurately within a hybrid cell containing optically thin K vapor and optically thick Rb vapor, a novel method combining alkali metal absorption spectroscopy and Raoult's law is proposed in this paper. The relative error between experimental results and results calculated by empirical formula is within ±5% from 365 to 450 K, and the measurement accuracy is improved more than 10 times compared to previous study. This novel method could be applied to check the number density ratio of alkali metal within hybrid cells more precisely.
Collapse
|
14
|
The polarization and the fundamental sensitivity of 39K ( 133Cs)- 85Rb- 4He hybrid optical pumping spin exchange relaxation free atomic magnetometers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6776. [PMID: 28755005 PMCID: PMC5533804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The hybrid optical pumping spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) atomic magnetometers can realize ultrahigh sensitivity measurement of magnetic field and inertia. We have studied the 85Rb polarization of two types of hybrid optical pumping SERF magnetometers based on 39K-85Rb-4He and 133Cs-85Rb-4He respectively. Then we found that 85Rb polarization varies with the number density of buffer gas 4He and quench gas N2, pumping rate of pump beam and cell temperature respectively, which will provide an experimental guide for the design of the magnetometer. We obtain a general formula on the fundamental sensitivity of the hybrid optical pumping SERF magnetometer due to shot-noise. The formula describes that the fundamental sensitivity of the magnetometer varies with the number density of buffer gas and quench gas, the pumping rate of pump beam, external magnetic field, cell effective radius, measurement volume, cell temperature and measurement time. We obtain a highest fundamental sensitivity of 1.5073 aT/Hz 1/2 (1 aT = 10-18 T) with 39K-85Rb-4He magnetometer between above two types of magnetometers when 85Rb polarization is 0.1116. We estimate the fundamental sensitivity limit of the hybrid optical pumping SERF magnetometer to be superior to 1.8359 × 10-2 aT/Hz 1/2, which is higher than the shot-noise-limited sensitivity of 1 aT/Hz 1/2 of K SERF atomic magnetometer.
Collapse
|
15
|
Quan W, Wei K, Li H. Precision measurement of magnetic field based on the transient process in a K-Rb- 21Ne co-magnetometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:8470-8483. [PMID: 28437927 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.008470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel method of measuring magnetic field based on the transient signal of the K-Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer operating in nuclear spin magnetization self-compensation magnetic field regime. The operation condition for self-compensation magnetic field by nuclear spin magnetization of 21Ne in steady state is presented. We characterize the dynamics of the coupled spin ensembles by a set of Bloch equations, and formulate the expression of transient output signal. After verifying the stability of this method, the measurement range and error are studied. This method is also verified to be valid in various temperature and pumping light power density.
Collapse
|