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Wu L, Zhong W, Wu Z, Liang Z, He L, Lin Z, Chen H, Chen Y. Multiplication of orbital angular momentum via multi-plane light conversion. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:887-890. [PMID: 38359208 DOI: 10.1364/ol.515570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The multiplication of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes using optical coordinate transformation is useful for OAM optical networks, but the scalability of this scheme is limited by the ray model. Here, we propose an alternative scheme for the scalable multiplication of OAM modes based on modified multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) that can extend azimuthal and radial indices of OAM modes supported by the multipliers and unlock a new degree of freedom for radial high-order OAM states that has been restricted in the zero order. The multiplication for 20 OAM modes with radial index p = 0 and 10 OAM modes with radial index p = 1 is performed in simulation and experiment. The 3-dB optical bandwidth corresponding to the purity of OAM modes covers the entire C-band experimentally. This novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach to manipulating OAM states provides valuable insights and flexible strategies for high-capacity OAM optical communication and high-dimensional optical quantum information processing.
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Yao Q, Cheng J, Liu W, Wan C. High-efficiency integer multiplier for the orbital angular momentum of light. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:81-84. [PMID: 38134159 DOI: 10.1364/ol.507964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The spiral transformation has attracted an increasing interest in switching orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. However, the efficiency is deteriorated by the inevitable gap between the turns of the spiral strips. In order to overcome the problem, a multiple-ring conformal mapping scheme is proposed for efficient multiplication of the OAM of light. The OAM mode at the input plane is divided into concentric rings, which are mapped to multiple sectors and connected into a ring at the output plane. This point-to-point mapping mechanism can avoid the generation of high-order diffraction, leading to high conversion efficiency. The scheme may underpin the development of optical communication and quantum key distribution in OAM-based systems.
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Almaiman A, Song H, Pang K, Zhang R, Li L, Zhao Z, Song H, Liu C, Manukyan K, Zou K, Zach S, Cohen N, Tur M, Willner AE. Demonstrating the use of OAM modes to facilitate the networking functions of carrying channel header information and orthogonal channel coding. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4381-4384. [PMID: 32796963 DOI: 10.1364/ol.398842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the use of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes as a degree of freedom to facilitate the networking functions of carrying header information and orthogonal channel coding. First, for carrying channel header information, we transmit a 10 Gb/s on-off keying (OOK) data channel as a Gaussian beam and add to it a 10 Mb/s OOK header carried by an OAM beam with the mode order ℓ=3. We recover the header and use it to drive a switch and select the output port. Secondly, for orthogonal channel coding, we configure transmitters to generate orthogonal spatial codes (orthogonal spatial beam profiles of OAM modes), each carrying an independent data stream. We measure the correlation between the OAM codes and demonstrate their use in a multiple access system carrying two 10 Gb/s OOK data channels. At the end of this Letter, we combine the concepts of using OAM modes for carrying channel header information and orthogonal channel coding in one experiment. We transmit a 10 Gb/s OOK data channel as a Gaussian beam and add to it two 10 Mb/s OOK header waveforms carried by different OAM codes. In the routing node, we recover one of the headers to drive the switch.
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Wen Y, Chremmos I, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yu S. Arbitrary Multiplication and Division of the Orbital Angular Momentum of Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:213901. [PMID: 32530673 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.213901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiplication and division of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light are important functions in the exploitation of the OAM mode space for such purposes as high-dimensional quantum information encoding and mode division multiplexed optical communications. These operations are possible with optical transformations that reshape optical wave fronts according to azimuthal scaling. However, schemes proposed thus far have been limited to OAM multiplication by integer factors and require complex beam-copying or multitransformation diffraction stages; a result of the limited phase excursion 2πℓ around the annulus of an OAM state exp(iℓθ). Based on the key idea that the phase excursion along spirals in the transverse plane of a vortex is theoretically unlimited, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple yet effective scheme using an azimuth-scaling spiral transformation that can accomplish both OAM multiplication and division by arbitrary rational factors in a single stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ioannis Chremmos
- Hellenic Electricity Distribution Network Operator S. A., Athens 11743, Greece
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Siyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Photonics Group, Merchant Venturers School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
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Ruffato G, Massari M, Romanato F. Multiplication and division of the orbital angular momentum of light with diffractive transformation optics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:113. [PMID: 31814970 PMCID: PMC6892886 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to efficiently multiply or divide the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light beams using a sequence of two optical elements. The key element is represented by an optical transformation mapping the azimuthal phase gradient of the input OAM beam onto a circular sector. By combining multiple circular-sector transformations into a single optical element, it is possible to multiply the value of the input OAM state by splitting and mapping the phase onto complementary circular sectors. Conversely, by combining multiple inverse transformations, the division of the initial OAM value is achievable by mapping distinct complementary circular sectors of the input beam into an equal number of circular phase gradients. Optical elements have been fabricated in the form of phase-only diffractive optics with high-resolution electron-beam lithography. Optical tests confirm the capability of the multiplier optics to perform integer multiplication of the input OAM, whereas the designed dividers are demonstrated to correctly split up the input beam into a complementary set of OAM beams. These elements can find applications for the multiplicative generation of higher-order OAM modes, optical information processing based on OAM beam transmission, and optical routing/switching in telecom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ruffato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy ‘G. Galilei’, University of Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- LaNN, Laboratory for Nanofabrication of Nanodevices, EcamRicert, Corso StatiUniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Massari
- LaNN, Laboratory for Nanofabrication of Nanodevices, EcamRicert, Corso StatiUniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
- CNR-INFM TASC IOM National Laboratory, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy ‘G. Galilei’, University of Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- LaNN, Laboratory for Nanofabrication of Nanodevices, EcamRicert, Corso StatiUniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
- CNR-INFM TASC IOM National Laboratory, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy
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Pinnell J, Rodríguez-Fajardo V, Forbes A. Single-step shaping of the orbital angular momentum spectrum of light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:28009-28021. [PMID: 31684559 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.028009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Control of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in optical fields has seen tremendous growth of late, with a myriad of tools existing for their creation and detection. What has been lacking is the ability to arbitrarily modify the OAM spectrum of a superposition in amplitude and phase, especially if a priori knowledge of the initial OAM spectrum is absent. Motivated by a quasi-mapping that exists between the position and OAM of Laguerre-Gaussian modes, we propose an approach for a single-step modulation of a field's OAM spectrum. We outline the concept and implement it through the use of binary ring apertures encoded on spatial light modulators. We show that complete control of the OAM spectrum is achievable in a single step, fostering applications in classical and quantum information processing that utilise the OAM basis.
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Scaffardi M, Malik MN, Lazzeri E, Klitis C, Meriggi L, Zhang N, Sorel M, Bogoni A. 3 × 3 optical switch by exploiting vortex beam emitters based on silicon microrings with superimposed gratings. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3749-3752. [PMID: 28957118 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A silicon-on-insulator microring with three superimposed gratings is proposed and characterized as a device enabling 3×3 optical switching based on orbital angular momentum and wavelength as switching domains. Measurements show penalties with respect to the back-to-back of <1 dB at a bit error rate of 10-9 for OOK traffic up to 20 Gbaud. Different switch configuration cases are implemented, with measured power penalty variations of less than 0.5 dB at bit error rates of 10-9. An analysis is also carried out to highlight the dependence of the number of switch ports on the design parameters of the multigrating microring.
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