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Anta JA, Oskam G, Pistor P. The dual nature of metal halide perovskites. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:150901. [PMID: 38624112 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have brought about a disruptive shift in the field of third-generation photovoltaics. Their potential as remarkably efficient solar cell absorbers was first demonstrated in the beginning of the 2010s. However, right from their inception, persistent challenges have impeded the smooth adoption of this technology in the industry. These challenges encompass issues such as the lack of reproducibility in fabrication, limited mid- and long-term stability, and concerns over toxicity. Despite achieving record efficiencies that have outperformed even well-established technologies, such as polycrystalline silicon, these hurdles have hindered the seamless transition of this technology into industrial applications. In this Perspective, we discuss which of these challenges are rooted in the unique dual nature of metal halide perovskites, which simultaneously function as electronic and ionic semiconductors. This duality results in the intermingling of processes occurring at vastly different timescales, still complicating both their comprehensive investigation and the development of robust and dependable devices. Our discussion here undertakes a critical analysis of the field, addressing the current status of knowledge for devices based on halide perovskites in view of electronic and ionic conduction, the underlying models, and the challenges encountered when these devices are optoelectronically characterized. We place a distinct emphasis on the positive contributions that this area of research has not only made to the advancement of photovoltaics but also to the broader progress of solid-state physics and photoelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Anta
- Center for Nanoscience and Sustainable Technologies (CNATS), Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gerko Oskam
- Center for Nanoscience and Sustainable Technologies (CNATS), Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mérida, Yuc. 97310, Mexico
| | - Paul Pistor
- Center for Nanoscience and Sustainable Technologies (CNATS), Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Wu XG, Sun S, Song T, Zhang X, Wang C, Yang Y, Wang S, Zhong H. Revealing the vertical structure of in-situ fabricated perovskite nanocrystals films toward efficient pure red light-emitting diodes. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:362-368. [PMID: 38933501 PMCID: PMC11197484 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) relies strongly on the fabrication of perovskite films with rationally designed structures (grain size, composition, surface, etc.). Therefore, an understanding of structure-performance relationships is of vital importance for developing high-performance perovskite devices, particularly for devices with in-situ fabricated perovskite nanocrystal films. In this study, we reveal the vertical structure of an in-situ fabricated quasi-two-dimensional perovskite film. By combining time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, energy dispersive spectroscopy, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), and low-temperature photoluminescence spectra, we illustrate that the resulting in-situ fabricated DPPA2Csn-1Pbn(Br0.3I0.7)3n+1 (DPPA+: 3,3-diphenylpropylammonium) film has a gradient structure with a very thin layer of ligands on the surface, predominantly small-n domains at the top, and predominantly large-n domains at the bottom owing to the solubility difference of the precursors. In addition, GIWAXS measurements show that the domain of n = 2 on the top layer has an ordered in-plane alignment. Based on the understanding of the film structure, we developed an in-situ fabrication process with ligand exchange to achieve efficient pure red PeLEDs at 638 nm with an average external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.4%. The optimized device had a maximum luminance of 623 cd/m2 with a peak EQE of 9.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-gang Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shipei Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tinglu Song
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Shuangpeng Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Agbaoye RO, Adebambo PO, Kenmoe S, Adebayo GA. Stabilizing tetramethylammonium lead iodide perovskite and exploring its electronic and optical absorption for solar cell absorber application. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23012-23023. [PMID: 37599589 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01823g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Modeling perovskites as solar cell absorbers has become popular due to the breakthrough of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3). In this study, we modeled a tetramethylammonium lead iodide (CH3)4NPbI3 structure. We further confirmed the stability of the structure by determining the phonon dispersion using density functional perturbation theory. We calculated the spin-orbit and non-spin-orbit coupling-based electronic structure using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional within the generalized gradient approximation of the density functional theory and the self-consistent GW quasiparticle methods. Similarly, the absorption spectra were calculated from the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric tensor obtained from solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation using the GW quasiparticle database. The solar cell absorber spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency was calculated at 293.15 K. The self-consistent GW method without spin-orbit coupling reported bandgaps of 2.63 eV and 2.89 eV for GW0 and GW methods, respectively, in agreement with experimental reports. The phonon dispersion showed positive phonon modes across the high symmetry point, which attest to its thermodynamic stability. The absorption coefficient on the order of 105 was reported along the ultraviolet region. The standard limited maximum efficiency between 7% and 12% was recorded at 293.15 K between 0.01 and 100 μm absorber thicknesses. The thermodynamic stability, high absorption coefficient, and low transmittance indicated exciting prospects for a non-transparent (CH3)4NPbI3 solar cell absorber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan O Agbaoye
- Donostia International Physics Centre, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián (Gipuzkoa), Spain.
| | - Paul O Adebambo
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Alabata Road, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Stephane Kenmoe
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitatstr. 2, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Gboyega A Adebayo
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata Road, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
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Kammlander B, Svanström S, Kühn D, Johansson FOL, Sinha S, Rensmo H, Fernández AG, Cappel UB. Thermal degradation of lead halide perovskite surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13523-13526. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The thermal degradation temperature of perovskite single crystal surfaces (MAPbI3, MAPbBr3, FAPbBr3) depends more on the halide than on the organic cation. However, different solid degradation products form depending on the cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kammlander
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Svanström
- Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Danilo Kühn
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research PS-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fredrik O. L. Johansson
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research PS-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Swarnshikha Sinha
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research PS-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Alberto García Fernández
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Ute B. Cappel
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
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Lin W, Guo WT, Yao L, Li J, Lin L, Zhang JM, Chen S, Chen G. Zn(O,S) Buffer Layer for in Situ Hydrothermal Sb 2S 3 Planar Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45726-45735. [PMID: 34520174 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal deposition is emerging as a highly potential route for antimony-based solar cells, in which the Sb2(S,Se)3 is typically in situ grown on a common toxic CdS buffer layer. The narrow band gap of CdS causes a considerable absorption in the short-wavelength region and then lowers the current density of the device. Herein, TiO2 is first evaluated as an alternative Cd-free buffer layer for hydrothermally derived Sb2S3 solar cells. But it suffers from a severely inhomogeneous Sb2S3 coverage, which is effectively eliminated by inserting a Zn(O,S) layer. The surface atom of sulfur in Zn(O,S) uniquely provides a chemical bridge to enable the quasi-epitaxial deposition of Sb2S3 thin film, confirming by both morphology and binding energy analysis using DFT. Then the results of the first-principles calculations also show that Zn(O,S)/Sb2S3 has a more stable structure than TiO2/Sb2S3. The resultant perfect Zn(O,S)/Sb2S3 junction, with a suitable band alignment and excellent interface contact, delivers a remarkably enhanced JSC and VOC for Sb2S3 solar cells. The device efficiency with the TiO2/Zn(O,S) buffer layer boosts from 0.54% to 3.70% compared with the counterpart of TiO2, which has a champion efficiency of Cd-free Sb2S3 solar cells with a structure of ITO/TiO2/Zn(O,S)/Sb2S3/Carbon/Ag by in situ hydrothermal deposition. This work provides a guideline for the hydrothermal deposition of antimony-based films upon a nontoxic buffer layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Wen-Ti Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Liquan Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Limei Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Shuiyuan Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
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Investigation of Opto-Electronic Properties and Stability of Mixed-Cation Mixed-Halide Perovskite Materials with Machine-Learning Implementation. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14175431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of mixed-cation mixed-halogen perovskites of formula AxA’1−xPbXyX’zX”3−y−z is analyzed from the perspective of structural stability, opto-electronic properties and possible degradation mechanisms. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations aided by machine-learning (ML) methods, the structurally stable compositions are further evaluated for the highest absorption and optimal stability. Here, the role of the halogen mixtures is demonstrated in tuning the contrasting trends of optical absorption and stability. Similarly, binary organic cation mixtures are found to significantly influence the degradation, while they have a lesser, but still visible effect on the opto-electronic properties. The combined framework of high-throughput calculations and ML techniques such as the linear regression methods, random forests and artificial neural networks offers the necessary grounds for an efficient exploration of multi-dimensional compositional spaces.
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Ye T, Kocherga M, Sun YY, Nesmelov A, Zhang F, Oh W, Huang XY, Li J, Beasock D, Jones DS, Schmedake TA, Zhang Y. II-VI Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanostructures with Greatly Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties, Perfectly Ordered Structures, and Shelf Stability of Over 15 Years. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10565-10576. [PMID: 34038098 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrids may offer material properties not available from their inorganic components. However, they are typically less stable and disordered. Long-term stability study of the hybrid materials, over the anticipated lifespan of a real-world electronic device, is practically nonexistent. Disordering, prevalent in most nanostructure assemblies, is a prominent adversary to quantum coherence. A family of perfectly ordered II-VI-based hybrid nanostructures has been shown to possess many unusual properties and potential applications. Here, using a prototype structure β-ZnTe(en)0.5-a hybrid superlattice-and applying an array of optical, structural, surface, thermal, and electrical characterization techniques, in conjunction with density-functional theory calculations, we have performed a comprehensive and correlative study of the crystalline quality, structural degradation, electronic, optical, and transport properties on samples from over 15 years old to the recently synthesized. The findings show that not only do they exhibit an exceptionally high level of crystallinity in both macroscopic and microscopic scale, comparable to high-quality binary semiconductors; and greatly enhanced material properties, compared to those of the inorganic constituents; but also, some of them over 15 years old remain as good in structure and property as freshly made ones. This study reveals (1) what level of structural perfectness is achievable in a complex organic-inorganic hybrid structure or a man-made superlattice, suggesting a nontraditional strategy to make periodically stacked heterostructures with abrupt interfaces; and (2) how the stability of a hybrid material is affected differently by its intrinsic attributes, primarily formation energy, and extrinsic factors, such as surface and defects. By correlating the rarely found long-term stability with the calculated relatively large formation energy of β-ZnTe(en)0.5 and contrasting with the case of hybrid perovskite, this work illustrates that formation energy can serve as an effective screening parameter for the long-term stability potential of hybrid materials. The results of the prototype II-VI hybrid structures will, on one hand, inspire directions for future exploration of the hybrid materials, and, on the other hand, provide metrics for assessing the structural perfectness and long-term stability of the hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Ye
- Nanoscale Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Margaret Kocherga
- Nanoscale Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Yi-Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Andrei Nesmelov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Wanseok Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Damian Beasock
- Nanoscale Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Daniel S Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Thomas A Schmedake
- Nanoscale Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Nanoscale Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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8
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Cordero F, Craciun F, Paoletti AM, Zanotti G. Structural Transitions and Stability of FAPbI 3 and MAPbI 3: The Role of Interstitial Water. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061610. [PMID: 34207485 PMCID: PMC8234660 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We studied the influence of water on the structural stability and transformations of MAPI and FAPI by anelastic and dielectric spectroscopies under various temperature and H2O partial pressure protocols. Before discussing the new results in terms of interstitial water in MAPI and FAPI, the literature is briefly reviewed, in search of other studies and evidences on interstitial water in hybrid halide perovskites. In hydrated MAPI, the elastic anomaly between the cubic α and tetragonal β phases may be depressed by more than 50%, demonstrating that there are H2O molecules dispersed in the perovskite lattice in interstitial form, that hinder the long range tilting of the PbI6 octahedra. Instead, in FAPI, interstitial water accelerates in both senses the reconstructive transformations between 3D α and 1D δ phases, which is useful during the crystallization of the α phase. On the other hand, the interstitial H2O molecules increase the effective size of the MA and FA cations to which are bonded, shifting the thermodynamic equilibrium from the compact perovskite structure to the open δ and hydrated phases of loosely bonded chains of PbI6 octahedra. For this reason, when fabricating devices based on hybrid metal-organic halide perovskites, it is important to reduce the content of interstitial water as much as possible before encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cordero
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma, Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Floriana Craciun
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma, Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Paoletti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo Scalo, I-00015 Rome, Italy; (A.M.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gloria Zanotti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo Scalo, I-00015 Rome, Italy; (A.M.P.); (G.Z.)
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Qian XY, Tang YY, Zhou W, Shen Y, Guo ML, Li YQ, Tang JX. Strategies to Improve Luminescence Efficiency and Stability of Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Devices. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Qian
- School of Physics and Electronic Science Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Ying-Yi Tang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Ming-Lei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE) Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa 999078 Macau China
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Zhou W, Zheng Z, Lu Y, Sui M, Yin J, Yan H. Understanding liquefaction in halide perovskites upon methylamine gas exposure. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20423-20428. [PMID: 35479916 PMCID: PMC9033983 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01458g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylamine (CH3NH2, MA) gas-induced fabrication of organometal CH3NH3PbI3 based perovskite thin films are promising photovoltaic materials that transform the energy from absorbed sunlight into electrical power. Unfortunately, the low stability of the perovskites poses a serious hindrance for further development, compared to conventional inorganic materials. The solid-state perovskites are liquefied and recrystallized from CH3NH2. However, the mechanism of this phase transformation is far from clear. Employing first principles calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the formation energy of primary defects in perovskites and the liquefaction process in CH3NH2 vapor. The results indicated that defect-assisted surface dissolution leads to the liquefaction of perovskite thin films in CH3NH2 vapor. Two primary defects were studied: one is the Frenkel pair defect (including both negatively charged interstitial iodide ion (Ii−) and iodide vacancy (VI+) at the PbI2-termination surface, and the other is the Schottky defects (methylammonium vacancy, VMA) at the MAI-termination surface. Moreover, the defect-induced disorder in the microstructure reduces the degeneration of energy levels, which leads to a blue shift and broader absorption band gap, as compared to the clean perovskite surface. The mechanism of how defects impact the surface dissolution could be applied for the further design of high-stability perovskite solar cells. Methylamine (CH3NH2, MA) gas-induced fabrication of organometal CH3NH3PbI3 based perovskite thin films are promising photovoltaic materials that transform the energy from absorbed sunlight into electrical power.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Zhou
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Zilong Zheng
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Yue Lu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Manling Sui
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Jun Yin
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hui Yan
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
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11
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Opal-Like Photonic Structuring of Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Genetic Algorithm Approach. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10051783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Light management is an important area of photovoltaic research, but little is known about it in perovskite solar cells. The present work numerically studies the positive effect of structuring the photo-active layer of perovskite material. This structuration consists of a hybrid absorbing layer made of an uniform part and an opal-like part. A genetic algorithm approach allows us to determine the optimal combination among more than 1.4 × 10 9 potential combinations. The optimal combination provides an internal quantum efficiency of 98.1%, nearly 2% higher than for an equivalent unstructured photo-active layer. The robustness of the optimum against potential experimental deviations, as well as the angular dependency of the proposed structure, are examined in the present study.
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12
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Jancik J, Jancik Prochazkova A, Scharber MC, Kovalenko A, Másilko J, Sariciftci NS, Weiter M, Krajcovic J. Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Organo-Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystals. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2020; 20:1388-1393. [PMID: 32161515 PMCID: PMC7059302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of organo-lead halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices is dramatically lower for amorphous materials compared to highly crystalline ones. Therefore, it is challenging to optimize and scale up the production of large-sized single crystals of perovskite materials. Here, we describe a novel and original approach to preparing lead halide perovskite single crystals by applying microwave radiation during the crystallization. The microwave radiation primarily causes precise heating control in the whole volume and avoids temperature fluctuations. Moreover, this facile microwave-assisted method of preparation is highly reproducible and fully automated, it and can be applied for various different perovskite structures. In addition, this cost-effective method is expected to be easily scalable because of its versatility and low energy consumption. The crystallization process has low heat losses; therefore, only a low microwave reactor power of 8-15 W during the temperature changes and of less than 1 W during the temperature holding is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jancik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612
00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jancik Prochazkova
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612
00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells, Johannes Kepler University Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Clark Scharber
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells, Johannes Kepler University Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Alexander Kovalenko
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612
00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Másilko
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612
00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells, Johannes Kepler University Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Weiter
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612
00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Krajcovic
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612
00 Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Zhidkov IS, Poteryaev AI, Kukharenko AI, Finkelstein LD, Cholakh SO, Akbulatov AF, Troshin PA, Chueh CC, Kurmaev EZ. XPS evidence of degradation mechanism in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 hybrid perovskite. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:095501. [PMID: 31722319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab576f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the photo-/thermal degradation mechanism of hybrid perovskites by using x-ray photoelectron (XPS) valence band (VB) spectra coupling with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Herein, CH3NH3PbI3 is respectively subjected to irradiation with visible light and annealing at an exposure of 0-1000 h. It is found from XPS survey spectra that, in both cases (irradiation and annealing), a decrease in the I:Pb ratio is observed with aging time, which unambiguously indicates the formation of PbI2 as the product of photo/thermal degradation. The comparison of the XPS VB spectra of irradiated and annealed perovskites with the DFT calculations of CH3NH3PbI3 and PbI2 compounds have showed a systematic decrease in the contribution of I-5p states, which allows us to determine the respective threshold for degradation, which is 500 h for light irradiation and 200 h for annealing. This discrepancy might be due to the fact that the relaxation of thermal excitations of the system is carried out only by the phonons (which are non-radiative physical processes) while the radiative processes occurred during the photoexcitation will elastically or inelastically divert part of the external energy from the system to reduce its impact on perovskite degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Zhidkov
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19 Str., 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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14
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Safari Z, Zarandi MB, Nateghi MR. Improved environmental stability of HTM free perovskite solar cells by a modified deposition route. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Roy M, Vikram, Banerjee S, Mitra A, Alam A, Aslam M. Composition-Controlled Synthesis of Hybrid Perovskite Nanoparticles by Ionic Metathesis: Bandgap Engineering Studies from Experiments and Theoretical Calculations. Chemistry 2019; 25:9892-9901. [PMID: 30868665 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein a newly discovered non-polar solvent based synthesis of MAPbX3 hybrid perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) is presented, where MA=Methylammonium and X=I, Br and Cl, as well as their mixed halide counterparts. The methodology proposed is simple and uses low-cost commercial precursors. The conventional method of hybrid perovskite preparation requires methylammonium halide precursors and highly polar solvents. Mandatory use of polar solvents and a particular perovskite precursor makes an intermediate compound which then requires a non-polar solvent to recover the NPs. In contrast here, a whole range of mixed halide perovskite NPs is fabricated without using a methylammonium halide precursor and a polar solvent. In this method, a non-polar solvent is used, which provides a better platform for the particle recovery. Organic cations on the nanoparticle surface prevent degradation from water, due to their hydrophobic nature, and hence offer a stable colloidal suspension in toluene for more than three months. Ab-initio calculations within density functional theory (DFT) predict lower formation energies compared to previously reported values, confirming better chemical stability for this synthesis pathway. Through the halide compositional tuning, these NPs exhibit a variety of emission and absorption starting from ultraviolet to near infrared (IR). The absorption spectra of various halide perovskite show a sharp band edge over the visible wavelength with high absorption coefficient. High oscillator strengths due to high excitonic binding energies combined with the simulated finite dipole transition probabilities point towards the observed high absorption. The emission spectra of mixed halide perovskites vary from 400 to 750 nm, which covers the whole range of visible spectra with sharp full-width at half maxima. Different halide perovskite exhibit average recombination lifetime from 5 to 227 ns. Ambient synthesis, chemical robustness and tunability of emission with varying halide compositions make MAPbX3 (X=I, Br and Cl) NPs appealing for the optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sucheta Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Arijit Mitra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - M Aslam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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16
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Wu XG, Tang J, Jiang F, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Han D, Wang L, Zhong H. Highly luminescent red emissive perovskite quantum dots-embedded composite films: ligands capping and caesium doping-controlled crystallization process. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4942-4947. [PMID: 30834914 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are emerging as functional luminescence down-shifting materials for light conversion applications. The incorporation of PQDs into a polymeric matrix is a key step to improving their stability, thus facilitating device integration. Compared to the conventional way of mixing the pre-synthesized PQDs into a polymer, the in situ fabrication of perovskite quantum dots-embedded composite films (PQDCFs) is an efficient and cost-effective method, which yields enhanced photoluminescence properties. This method has been successfully developed for green emissive CH3NH3PbBr3 PQDCFs, whereas the red CH3NH3PbI3 PQDCFs only show the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) less than 15%. By means of combining transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and absorption spectrum analysis, we showed that the "perovskite red wall" in PQDCFs was mainly related to the phase separation, formation of large-sized particles and incomplete chemical conversion of precursors. These problems are caused by the solubility variance of perovskite precursors in the solvent as well as the solvation compatibility between perovskite precursors and the polymer during the crystallization process. Based on these findings, we introduced Cs+ as a dopant and 3,3-diphenylpropyamine (DPPA) as capping ligands, respectively, to decrease the solubility variance of the precursors and improve the compatibility between PQDs and the polymer. Consequently, highly luminescent red emissive PQDCFs with a PLQY of 91% were achieved with this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Gang Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, Haidian District, China.
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17
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Phung N, Abate A. The Impact of Nano- and Microstructure on the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802573. [PMID: 30295009 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have emerged recently as a promising candidate for the next generation of photovoltaics. Power conversion efficiencies for laboratory-scale devices surpass those of established technologies, such as multicrystalline silicon. However, perovskite solar cells lose their initial efficiency rapidly due to the convolution of several degradation factors, which hinder the process of industrialization. In this review, the important role of the nano- and microstructure of the perovskite layer in the performance and stability of the device are discussed. The defects located predominantly at the grain boundaries within the perovskite film and at the interface of the perovskite with the other materials can compromise the devices' stability. Thus, lowering the surface and interface concentration of defects is a key approach toward long-term stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Phung
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, 12489, Germany
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18
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Rajagopal A, Yao K, Jen AKY. Toward Perovskite Solar Cell Commercialization: A Perspective and Research Roadmap Based on Interfacial Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800455. [PMID: 29883006 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency and low-cost perovskite solar cells (PVKSCs) are an ideal candidate for addressing the scalability challenge of solar-based renewable energy. The dynamically evolving research field of PVKSCs has made immense progress in solving inherent challenges and capitalizing on their unique structure-property-processing-performance traits. This review offers a unique outlook on the paths toward commercialization of PVKSCs from the interfacial engineering perspective, relevant to both specialists and nonspecialists in the field through a brief introduction of the background of the field, current state-of-the-art evolution, and future research prospects. The multifaceted role of interfaces in facilitating PVKSC development is explained. Beneficial impacts of diverse charge-transporting materials and interfacial modifications are summarized. In addition, the role of interfaces in improving efficiency and stability for all emerging areas of PVKSC design are also evaluated. The authors' integral contributions in this area are highlighted on all fronts. Finally, future research opportunities for interfacial material development and applications along with scalability-durability-sustainability considerations pivotal for facilitating laboratory to industry translation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adharsh Rajagopal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Photovoltaics, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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19
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Ciccioli A, Latini A. Thermodynamics and the Intrinsic Stability of Lead Halide Perovskites CH 3NH 3PbX 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3756-3765. [PMID: 29901394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of thermodynamics in assessing the intrinsic instability of the CH3NH3PbX3 perovskites (X = Cl,Br,I) is outlined on the basis of the available experimental information. Possible decomposition/degradation pathways driven by the inherent instability of the material are considered. The decomposition to precursors CH3NH3X(s) and PbX2( s) is first analyzed, pointing out the importance of both the enthalpic and the entropic factor, the latter playing a stabilizing role making the stability higher than often asserted. For CH3NH3PbI3, the disagreement between the available calorimetric results makes the stability prediction uncertain. Subsequently, the gas-releasing decomposition paths are discussed, with emphasis on the discrepant results presently available, probably reflecting the predominance of thermodynamic or kinetic control. The competition between the formation of NH3(g) + CH3X(g), CH3NH2(g) + HX(g) or CH3NH3X(g) is analyzed, in comparison with the thermal decomposition of methylammonium halides. In view of the scarce and inconclusive thermodynamic studies to-date available, the need for further experimental data is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ciccioli
- Department of Chemistry , Sapienza - University of Rome , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Latini
- Department of Chemistry , Sapienza - University of Rome , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy
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20
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Zhidkov IS, Akbulatov AF, Kukharenko AI, Cholakh SO, Stevenson KJ, Troshin PA, Kurmaev EZ. Influence of halide mixing on thermal and photochemical stability of hybrid perovskites: XPS studies. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Holtus T, Helmbrecht L, Hendrikse HC, Baglai I, Meuret S, Adhyaksa GWP, Garnett EC, Noorduin WL. Shape-preserving transformation of carbonate minerals into lead halide perovskite semiconductors based on ion exchange/insertion reactions. Nat Chem 2018; 10:740-745. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Cao J, Tao SX, Bobbert PA, Wong CP, Zhao N. Interstitial Occupancy by Extrinsic Alkali Cations in Perovskites and Its Impact on Ion Migration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707350. [PMID: 29736912 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent success in achieving highly stable Rb-containing organolead halide perovskites has indicated the possibility of incorporating small monovalent cations, which cannot fit in the lead-halide cage with an appropriate tolerance factor, into the perovskite lattice while maintaining a pure stable "black" phase. In this study, through a combined experimental and theoretical investigation by density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the incorporation of extrinsic alkali cations (Rb+ , K+ , Na+ , and Li+ ) in perovskite materials, the size-dependent interstitial occupancy of these cations in the perovskite lattice is unambiguously revealed. Interestingly, DFT calculations predict the increased ion migration barriers in the lattice after the interstitial occupancy. To verify this prediction, ion migration behavior is characterized through hysteresis analysis of solar cells, electrical poling, temperature-dependent conductivity, and time-dependent photoluminescence measurements. The results collectively point to the suppression of ion migration after lattice interstitial occupancy by extrinsic alkali cations. The findings of this study provide new material design principles to manipulate the structural and ionic properties of multication perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Shu Xia Tao
- Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Bobbert
- Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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23
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Moyen E, Kanwat A, Cho S, Jun H, Aad R, Jang J. Ligand removal and photo-activation of CsPbBr 3 quantum dots for enhanced optoelectronic devices. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8591-8599. [PMID: 29696268 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite quantum dots have recently emerged as a promising light source for optoelectronic applications. However, integrating them into devices while preserving their outstanding optical properties remains challenging. Due to their ionic nature, perovskite quantum dots are extremely sensitive and degrade on applying the simplest processes. To maintain their colloidal stability, they are surrounded by organic ligands; these prevent efficient charge carrier injection in devices and have to be removed. Here we report on a simple method, where a moderate thermal process followed by exposure to UV in air can efficiently remove ligands and increase the photo-luminescence of the room temperature synthesized perovskite quantum dot thin films. Annealing is accompanied by a red shift of the emission wavelength, usually attributed to the coalescence and irreversible degradation of the quantum dots. We show that it is actually related to the relaxation of the quantum dots upon the ligand removal, without the creation of non-radiative recombining defects. The quantum dot surface, as devoid of ligands, is subsequently photo-oxidized and smoothened upon exposure to UV in air, which drastically enhances their photo-luminescence. This adequate combination of treatments improves by more than an order of magnitude the performances of perovskite quantum dot light emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Moyen
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC) Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
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24
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Ceratti DR, Rakita Y, Cremonesi L, Tenne R, Kalchenko V, Elbaum M, Oron D, Potenza MAC, Hodes G, Cahen D. Self-Healing Inside APbBr 3 Halide Perovskite Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1706273. [PMID: 29328524 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing, where a modification in some parameter is reversed with time without any external intervention, is one of the particularly interesting properties of halide perovskites. While there are a number of studies showing such self-healing in perovskites, they all are carried out on thin films, where the interface between the perovskite and another phase (including the ambient) is often a dominating and interfering factor in the process. Here, self-healing in perovskite (methylammonium, formamidinium, and cesium lead bromide (MAPbBr3 , FAPbBr3 , and CsPbBr3 )) single crystals is reported, using two-photon microscopy to create damage (photobleaching) ≈110 µm inside the crystals and to monitor the recovery of photoluminescence after the damage. Self-healing occurs in all three perovskites with FAPbBr3 the fastest (≈1 h) and CsPbBr3 the slowest (tens of hours) to recover. This behavior, different from surface-dominated stability trends, is typical of the bulk and is strongly dependent on the localization of degradation products not far from the site of the damage. The mechanism of self-healing is discussed with the possible participation of polybromide species. It provides a closed chemical cycle and does not necessarily involve defect or ion migration phenomena that are often proposed to explain reversible phenomena in halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yevgeny Rakita
- Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Llorenç Cremonesi
- Department of Physics and CIMAINA, University of Milan, 16 via Celoria, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Ron Tenne
- Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Michael Elbaum
- Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Dan Oron
- Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Gary Hodes
- Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Zheng C, Rubel O. Aziridinium Lead Iodide: A Stable, Low-Band-Gap Hybrid Halide Perovskite for Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:874-880. [PMID: 29390607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The low ionization energy of an A site molecule is a very important factor, which determines the thermodynamical stability of APbI3 hybrid halide perovskites, while the size of the molecule governs the stable phase at room temperature and, eventually, the band gap. It is challenging to achieve both a low ionization energy and the reasonable size for the PbI3 cage to circumvent the stability issue inherent to hybrid halide perovskites. Here we propose a new three-membered charged ring radical, which demonstrates a low ionization energy that renders a good stability for its corresponding perovskite and a reasonable cation size that translates into a suitable band gap for the photovoltaic application. We use ab initio calculations to evaluate a polymorphism of the crystal structure of the proposed hybrid halide perovskite, its stability, and electronic properties in comparison with the mainstream perovskites, such as the methylammonium and formamidinium lead iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Oleg Rubel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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