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Manzoor S, Qasim F, Ashraf MW, Tayyaba S, Tariq N, Herrera-May AL, Delgado-Alvarado E. Simulation and Analysis of Anodized Aluminum Oxide Membrane Degradation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9792. [PMID: 38139637 PMCID: PMC10747657 DOI: 10.3390/s23249792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based filter with microchannels enables the removal of various microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria, from fluids. Membranes with porous channels can be used as filtration interfaces in MEMS hemofilters or mini-dialyzers. The main problems associated with the filtration process are optimization of membrane geometry and fouling. A nanoporous aluminum oxide membrane was fabricated using an optimized two-step anodization process. Computational strength modeling and analysis of the membrane with specified parameters were performed using the ANSYS structural module. A fuzzy simulation was performed for the numerical analysis of flux through the membrane. The membrane was then incorporated with the prototype for successive filtration. The fluid flux and permeation analysis of the filtration process have been studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of membranes have been obtained before and after the filtration cycles. The SEM results indicate membrane fouling after multiple cycles, and thus the flux is affected. This type of fabricated membrane and setup are suitable for the separation and purification of various fluids. However, after several filtration cycles, the membrane was degraded. It requires a prolonged chemical cleaning. High-density water has been used for filtration purposes, so this MEMS-based filter can also be used as a mini-dialyzer and hemofilter in various applications for filtration. Such a demonstration also opens up a new strategy for maximizing filtration efficiency and reducing energy costs for the filtration process by using a layered membrane setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Manzoor
- Department of Electronics, Institute of Physics, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.M.); (F.Q.)
| | - Faheem Qasim
- Department of Electronics, Institute of Physics, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.M.); (F.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Waseem Ashraf
- Department of Electronics, Institute of Physics, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.M.); (F.Q.)
| | - Shahzadi Tayyaba
- Department of Information Sciences, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Tariq
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, The Superior University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Agustín L. Herrera-May
- Micro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Rio 94294, Mexico; (A.L.H.-M.); (E.D.-A.)
| | - Enrique Delgado-Alvarado
- Micro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Rio 94294, Mexico; (A.L.H.-M.); (E.D.-A.)
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Qasim F, Ashraf MW, Tayyaba S, Tariq MI, Herrera-May AL. Simulation, Fabrication and Microfiltration Using Dual Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membrane. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:825. [PMID: 37887997 PMCID: PMC10608613 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have gained subsequent attention due to their controlled manipulation of fluid for various biomedical applications. These devices can be used to study the behavior of fluid under several micrometer ranges within the channel. The major applications are the filtration of fluid, blood filtration and bio-medical analysis. For the filtration of water, as well as other liquids, the micro-filtration based microfluidic devices are considered as potential candidates to fulfill the desired conditions and requirements. The micro pore membrane can be designed and fabricated in such a way that it maximizes the removal of impurities from fluid. The low-cost micro-filtration method has been reported to provide clean fluid for biomedical applications and other purposes. In the work, anodic-aluminum-oxide-based membranes have been fabricated with different pore sizes ranging from 70 to 500 nm. A soft computing technique like fuzzy logic has been used to estimate the filtration parameters. Then, the finite-element-based analysis system software has been used to study the fluid flow through the double membrane. Then, filtration is performed by using a dual membrane and the clogging of the membrane has been studied after different filtration cycles using characterization like a scanning electron microscope. The filtration has been done to purify the contaminated fluid which has impurities like bacteria and protozoans. The membranes have been tested after each cycle to verify the results. The decrease in permeance with respect to the increase in the velocity of the fluid and the permeate volume per unit clearly depicts the removal of containments from the fluid after four and eight cycles of filtration. The results clearly show that the filtration efficiency can be improved by increasing the number of cycles and adding a dual membrane in the micro-fluidic device. The results show the potential of dual anodic aluminum oxide membranes for the effective filtration of fluids for biomedical applications, thereby offering a promising solution to address current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Qasim
- Department of Electronics, Institute of Physics, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem Ashraf
- Department of Electronics, Institute of Physics, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzadi Tayyaba
- Department of Information Sciences, Division of Science and Technology, Township Campus, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Imran Tariq
- Department of Computer Science, Superior University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Agustín L. Herrera-May
- Micro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, Mexico;
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Lee J, Hong J, Lee J, Lee C, Kim T, Jeong Y, Kim K, Jung I. Precise Filtration of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells by an Ultrathin Microporous Membrane with Backflushing to Minimize Fouling. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:707. [PMID: 37623768 PMCID: PMC10456395 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A cell filtration platform that affords accurate size separation and minimizes fouling was developed. The platform features an ultra-thin porous membrane (UTM) filter, a pumping head filtration with backflush (PHF), and cell size measurement (CSM) software. The UTM chip is an ultrathin free-standing membrane with a large window area of 0.68 mm2, a pore diameter of 5 to 9 μm, and a thickness of less than 0.9 μm. The PHF prevents filter fouling. The CSM software analyzes the size distributions of the supernatants and subnatants of isolated cells and presents the data visually. The D99 particle size of cells of the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) line K562 decreased from 22.2 to 17.5 μm after passage through a 5-μm filter. K562 cells could be separated by careful selection of the pore size; the recovery rate attained 91.3%. The method was compared to conventional blocking models by evaluating the mean square errors (MSEs) between the measured and calculated filtering volumes. The filtering rate was fitted by a linear regression model with a significance that exceeded 0.99 based on the R2 value. The platform can be used to separate various soft biomaterials and afford excellent stability during filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyuk Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea;
- R&D Center, Metapore Co., Ltd., Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology 8F, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (T.K.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jeongpyo Hong
- R&D Center, Metapore Co., Ltd., Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology 8F, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (T.K.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jungwon Lee
- R&D Center, Metapore Co., Ltd., Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology 8F, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (T.K.); (Y.J.)
| | - Changgyu Lee
- R&D Center, Metapore Co., Ltd., Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology 8F, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (T.K.); (Y.J.)
| | - Tony Kim
- R&D Center, Metapore Co., Ltd., Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology 8F, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (T.K.); (Y.J.)
| | - Young Jeong
- R&D Center, Metapore Co., Ltd., Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology 8F, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (T.K.); (Y.J.)
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- National NanoFab Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - Inhwa Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea;
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Biosynthesis of Bixa orellana seed extract mediated silver nanoparticles with moderate antioxidant, antibacterial and antiproliferative activity. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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Pasichnyk M, Gaálová J, Minarik P, Václavíková M, Melnyk I. Development of polyester filters with polymer nanocomposite active layer for effective dye filtration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:973. [PMID: 35046424 PMCID: PMC8770467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic dyes such as methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) are widely used in different industries and have become one of the leading emerging water contaminants. The purpose of the current research is to develop new polymer nanocomposite filters for the effective elimination of the dyes, which are non-biodegradable and not efficiently removed by traditional treatment methods. New padded and covered filters were produced applying polystyrene-acrylic/ZnO nanocomposite on the polyester surface by blade coating and one-bath pad methods. Principal results determined by SEM analysis confirm that functionalised layer can create unprecedented function of filter textile material depending on the way of treatment. Due to the modification, the surface area increased from 5.9 for untreated polyester to 85.2 (padded), 44.6 (covered) m2/g. The measured pore size of produced filters is around 3.4 nm, which corresponds to the mesoporous structure. Our study reported effective filters with the rate of MB and MO removal efficiencies up to 60%. Moreover, a colourless reduced form of MB-leuco-methylene blue (LMB) could be created. The functionalised layer of the developed filters through hydrogen bonding between the -OH groups of styrene-acrylic molecules and the -N(CH3)2 groups on LMB can stabilise LMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Pasichnyk
- V.O. Sukhomlynskyi National University of Mykolaiv, 24, Nikolska, Mykolaiv, 54030, Ukraine. .,Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., 135, Rozvojova, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Gaálová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., 135, Rozvojova, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Minarik
- Charles University, 5, Ke Karlovu, Prague, 12116, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Václavíková
- Institute of Geotechnics Slovak Academy of Sciences, 45, Watsonova, Kosice, 04001, Slovak Republic
| | - Inna Melnyk
- Institute of Geotechnics Slovak Academy of Sciences, 45, Watsonova, Kosice, 04001, Slovak Republic
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Huang X, Mutlu H, Theato P. A CO 2-gated anodic aluminum oxide based nanocomposite membrane for de-emulsification. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21316-21324. [PMID: 33073829 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04248j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A carbon-dioxide-responsive organic-inorganic nanocomposite membrane based on a through-hole anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template was constructed. The composite was prepared via a surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization strategy to achieve the grafting of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) brushes on the AAO membrane. The grafted polymer chain length could be controlled based on the feed ratio between the free chain transfer agent (CTA) and reactive monomer, e.g., methyl methacrylate and 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, resulting in a membrane that features adjustable water permeability. Importantly, the membrane pore size and surface wettability could be switched from hydrophobic to hydrophilic upon the introduction of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases. This allowed for the nanocomposite membrane to be utilized for controlled water flux and oil/water emulsion separation. The simple fabrication methodology as well as sustainable gaseous stimulus will be useful for the construction of future smart membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Huang
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.18, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. and Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG 3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG 3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.18, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. and Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG 3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Huang X, Mutlu H, Théato P. The toolbox of porous anodic aluminum oxide–based nanocomposites: from preparation to application. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates have been intensively investigated during the past decades and have meanwhile been widely applied through both sacrificial and non-sacrificial pathways. In numerous non-sacrificial applications, the AAO membrane is maintained as part of the obtained composite materials; hence, the template structure and topography determine to a great extent the potential applications. Through-hole isotropic AAO features nanochannels that promote transfer of matter, while anisotropic AAO with barrier layer exhibits nanocavities suitable as independent and homogenous containers. By combining the two kinds of AAO membranes with diverse organic and inorganic materials through physical interactions or chemical bonds, AAO composites are designed and applied in versatile fields such as catalysis, drug release platform, separation membrane, optical appliances, sensors, cell culture, energy, and electronic devices. Therefore, within this review, a perspective on exhilarating prospect for complementary advancement on AAO composites both in preparation and application is provided.
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Yunus S, Sefa-Ntiri B, Anderson B, Kumi F, Mensah-Amoah P, Sonko Sackey S. Quantitative Pore Characterization of Polyurethane Foam with Cost-Effective Imaging Tools and Image Analysis: A Proof-Of-Principle Study. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111879. [PMID: 31739426 PMCID: PMC6918242 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the pore characterization of polyurethane (PU) foam as a necessary step in water filtration membrane fabrication. Porous material characterization is essential for predicting membrane performance, strength, durability, surface feel, and to understand the transport mechanisms using modeling and simulations. Most existing pore characterization techniques are relatively costly, time-consuming, subjective, and have cumbersome sample preparations. This study focused on using three relatively inexpensive imaging systems: a black box, Canon camera (EOS760D), and LaserJet scanner (M1132 MFP). Two standard, state-of-the-art imaging systems were used for comparison: a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope. Digital images produced by the imaging systems were used with a MATLAB algorithm to determine the surface porosity, pore area, and shape factor of the polyurethane foam in an efficient manner. The results obtained established the compatibility of the image analysis algorithm with the imaging systems. The black box results were found to be more comparable to both the stereomicroscope and SEM systems than those of the Canon camera and scanner imaging systems. Indeed, the current research effort demonstrates the possibility of substrate characterization with inexpensive imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemmira Yunus
- Department of Physics, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Ghana
| | | | | | - Francis Kumi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Ghana
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Sutisna B, Musteata V, Pulido B, Puspasari T, Smilgies DM, Hadjichristidis N, Nunes SP. High flux membranes, based on self-assembled and H-bond linked triblock copolymer nanospheres. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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