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You H, Wang X, Ma L, Zhang F, Zhang H, Wang Y, Pan X, Zheng K, Kong F, Tang R. Insights into the impact of hepatitis B virus on hepatic stellate cell activation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:70. [PMID: 37041599 PMCID: PMC10088164 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatic fibrosis is a serious pathological condition caused by virus-induced liver damage. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a central event in the occurrence and progression of liver fibrosis. Although accumulating evidence has shown that HBV directly stimulates HSC activation, whether the virus infects and replicates in HSCs remains controversial. Inflammation is one of the obvious characteristics of chronic HBV infection, and it has been demonstrated that persistent inflammation has a predominant role in triggering and maintaining liver fibrosis. In particular, the regulation of HSC activation by HBV-related hepatocytes via various inflammatory modulators, including TGF-β and CTGF, in a paracrine manner has been reported. In addition to these inflammation-related molecules, several inflammatory cells are essential for the progression of HBV-associated liver fibrosis. Monocytes, macrophages, Th17 cells, NK cells, as well as NKT cells, participate in the modulation of HBV-related liver fibrosis by interacting with HSCs. This review summarizes current findings on the effects of HBV and the relevant molecular mechanisms involved in HSC activation. Because HSC activation is essential for liver fibrosis, targeting HSCs is an attractive therapeutic strategy to prevent and reverse hepatic fibrosis induced by HBV infection. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Huanyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Lai X, Li C, Xiang C, Pan Z, Zhang K, Wang L, Xie B, Cao J, Shi J, Deng J, Lu S, Deng H, Zhuang H, Li T, Shi Y, Xiang K. Generation of functionally competent hepatic stellate cells from human stem cells to model liver fibrosis in vitro. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2531-2547. [PMID: 36270282 PMCID: PMC9669405 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed understanding of fibrogenesis has been hampered by a lack of important functional quiescence characteristics and an in vitro model to recapitulate hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. In our study, we establish robust endoderm- and mesoderm-sourced quiescent-like induced HSCs (iHSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Notably, iHSCs present features of mature HSCs, including accumulation of vitamin A in the lipid droplets and maintained quiescent features. In addition, iHSCs display a fibrogenic response and secrete collagen I in response to hepatoxicity caused by thioacetamide, acetaminophen, and hepatitis B and C virus infection. Antiviral therapy attenuated virally induced iHSC activation. Interestingly, endoderm- and mesoderm-derived iHSCs showed similar iHSC phenotypes. Therefore, we provide a novel and robust method to efficiently generate functional iHSCs from hESC and iPSC differentiation, which could be used as a model for hepatocyte toxicity prediction, anti-liver-fibrosis drug screening, and viral hepatitis-induced liver fibrosis. Generation of endoderm- and mesoderm-derived quiescent hepatic stellate cells (qHSCs) Induced qHSC-like cells can be activated into myofibroblasts in vitro Induced qHSC-like cells can respond to hepatoxicity from thioacetamide treatment Hepatitis B and C virus infection can convert qHSC-like cells into activated HSCs
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Chromatin organizer SATB1 controls the cell identity of CD4 + CD8 + double-positive thymocytes by regulating the activity of super-enhancers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5554. [PMID: 36138028 PMCID: PMC9500044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ and CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes play a crucial role in T cell development in the thymus. DP cells rearrange the T cell receptor gene Tcra to generate T cell receptors with TCRβ. DP cells differentiate into CD4 or CD8 single-positive (SP) thymocytes, regulatory T cells, or invariant nature kill T cells (iNKT) in response to TCR signaling. Chromatin organizer SATB1 is highly expressed in DP cells and is essential in regulating Tcra rearrangement and differentiation of DP cells. Here we explored the mechanism of SATB1 orchestrating gene expression in DP cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows that Satb1 deletion changes the cell identity of DP thymocytes and down-regulates genes specifically and highly expressed in DP cells. Super-enhancers regulate the expressions of DP-specific genes, and our Hi-C data show that SATB1 deficiency in thymocytes reduces super-enhancer activity by specifically decreasing interactions among super-enhancers and between super-enhancers and promoters. Our results reveal that SATB1 plays a critical role in thymocyte development to promote the establishment of DP cell identity by globally regulating super-enhancers of DP cells at the chromatin architectural level.
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Deng W, Chen F, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Lin J, Zhang F, Xiao G, Liu C, Liu C, Xu L. Hepatitis B Virus Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Synergistically With Hepatic Stellate Cells via Facilitating the Expression and Secretion of ENPP2. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:745990. [PMID: 34805271 PMCID: PMC8602366 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.745990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor causing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, but the molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. It has been reported that virus infection induces ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase-phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2) expression, the latter participates in tumor progression. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether HBV induced HCC malignancy via ENPP2. Methods: HCC patient clinical data were collected and prognosis was analyzed. Transient transfection and stable ectopic expression of the HBV genome were established in hepatoma cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining, RT-qPCR, western blot, and ELISA assays were used to detect the expression and secretion of ENPP2. Finally, CCK-8, colony formation, and migration assays as well as a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model were used to investigate the influence of HBV infection, ENPP2 expression, and activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) on HCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Results: The data from cancer databases indicated that the level of ENPP2 was significant higher in HCC compared within normal liver tissues. Clinical relevance analysis using 158 HCC patients displayed that ENPP2 expression was positively correlated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Statistical analysis revealed that compared to HBV-negative HCC tissues, HBV-positive tissues expressed a higher level of ENPP2. In vitro, HBV upregulated ENPP2 expression and secretion in hepatoma cells and promoted hepatoma cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration via enhancement of ENPP2; downregulation of ENPP2 expression or inhibition of its function suppressed HCC progression. In addition, aHSCs strengthened hepatoma cell proliferation, migration in vitro, and promoted tumorigenesis synergistically with HBV in vivo; a loss-function assay further verified that ENPP2 is essential for HBV/aHSC-induced HCC progression. Conclusion: HBV enhanced the expression and secretion of ENPP2 in hepatoma cells, combined with aHSCs to promote HCC progression via ENPP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Deng
- Department of Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- Department of Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yipei Huang
- Department of Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junlong Lin
- Department of Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fapeng Zhang
- Department of Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leibo Xu
- Department of Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang X, Fang W, Zeng L, Liu F. Huge solitary necrotic nodule of the liver: a rare case report with review of literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:1065-1068. [PMID: 34760044 PMCID: PMC8569308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solitary necrotic nodule of the liver (SNNL) is an uncommon disease in clinical practice, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Here, we report the case of a 35-year-old woman. After physical examination, the patient was found to have a liver neoplasm, and there were no other physical complaints. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed the presence of a hypodense lesion. The patient opted for surgery to eliminate the lesion. Pathologic examination revealed an isolated necrotic nodular lesion with a size of 12 cm×10 cm×10 cm. The patient had a history of hepatitis B infection. To our knowledge, this is the largest SNNL ever reported and the first case with a history of hepatitis B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Weilan Fang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Liangtao Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Fanrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
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6
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Ahodantin J, Lekbaby B, Bou Nader M, Soussan P, Kremsdorf D. Hepatitis B virus X protein enhances the development of liver fibrosis and the expression of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and tumor progenitor cells. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:358-367. [PMID: 31175830 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) has pleiotropic biological effects, which underlies its potential role in cell transformation. However, its involvement in hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we wanted to clarify, in vivo, the role of HBx protein in the development of liver fibrosis. Mice transgenic for the full-length HBx (FL-HBx) were used. To create liver fibrosis, FL-HBx transgenic and control mice were chronically exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Modulation of the expression of proteins involved in matrix remodeling, hepatic metabolism and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were investigated. In transgenic mice, FL-HBx expression potentiates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis with increased expression of proteins involved in matrix remodeling (Collagen1a, α-Sma, PdgfR-β, MMP-13). In FL-HBx transgenic mice, an increase in EMT was observed with a higher transcription of two inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and TGF-β) and a decrease of glutamine synthetase expression level. This was associated with a sustained cell cycle and hepatocyte polyploidy alteration consistent with p38 and ERK1/2 overactivation, increase of PLK1 transcription, accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 protein and increase expression of Beclin-1. This correlates with a higher expression of tumor progenitor cell markers (AFP, Ly6D and EpCam), indicating a higher risk of progression from fibrosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the presence of FL-HBx protein. In conclusion, our results show that FL-HBx protein enhances the development of liver fibrosis and contributes to the progression of liver disease from chronic hepatitis to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ahodantin
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR1135), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR1135), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Bouchra Lekbaby
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR1135), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR1135), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Bou Nader
- Team Proliferation Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Genome and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Unversité, USPC, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR1135), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR1135), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Dina Kremsdorf
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR1135), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR1135), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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7
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Kuo CY, Chiu V, Hsieh PC, Huang CY, Huang SJ, Tzeng IS, Tsai FM, Chen ML, Liu CT, Chen YR. Chrysophanol attenuates hepatitis B virus X protein-induced hepatic stellate cell fibrosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:172-182. [PMID: 32811746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are critical for liver fibrosis development. Anti-fibrosis occurs via reversion to quiescent-type HSCs or clearance of HSCs via apoptosis or ferroptosis. We aimed to elucidate the role of chrysophanol in rat HSC-T6 cells expressing HBx and investigate whether chrysophanol (isolated from Rheum palmatum rhizomes) influences cell death via ferroptosis in vitro. Analysis of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), Bip, CHOP, p-IRE1α, GPX4, SLC7A11, α-SMA, and CTGF showed that chrysophanol attenuated HBx-repressed cell death. Chrysophanol can impair HBx-induced activation of HSCs via endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and ferroptosis-dependent and GPX4-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Valeria Chiu
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - S Joseph Huang
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, USA.
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Ming Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Mao-Liang Chen
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ting Liu
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Roehlen N, Crouchet E, Baumert TF. Liver Fibrosis: Mechanistic Concepts and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040875. [PMID: 32260126 PMCID: PMC7226751 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis due to viral or metabolic chronic liver diseases is a major challenge of global health. Correlating with liver disease progression, fibrosis is a key factor for liver disease outcome and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite different mechanism of primary liver injury and disease-specific cell responses, the progression of fibrotic liver disease follows shared patterns across the main liver disease etiologies. Scientific discoveries within the last decade have transformed the understanding of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis. Removal or elimination of the causative agent such as control or cure of viral infection has shown that liver fibrosis is reversible. However, reversal often occurs too slowly or too infrequent to avoid life-threatening complications particularly in advanced fibrosis. Thus, there is a huge unmet medical need for anti-fibrotic therapies to prevent liver disease progression and HCC development. However, while many anti-fibrotic candidate agents have shown robust effects in experimental animal models, their anti-fibrotic effects in clinical trials have been limited or absent. Thus, no approved therapy exists for liver fibrosis. In this review we summarize cellular drivers and molecular mechanisms of fibrogenesis in chronic liver diseases and discuss their impact for the development of urgently needed anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Roehlen
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (E.C.)
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques U1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Crouchet
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (E.C.)
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques U1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (E.C.)
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques U1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle Hepato-digestif, Institut Hopitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-366853703
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9
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Yu DY. Relevance of reactive oxygen species in liver disease observed in transgenic mice expressing the hepatitis B virus X protein. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:6. [PMID: 32206612 PMCID: PMC7081669 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects approximately 240 million people worldwide, causing chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver cancer. Although numerous studies have been performed to date, unfortunately there is no conclusive drug or treatment for HBV induced liver disease. The hepatitis B virus X (HBx) is considered a key player in inducing CLD and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We generated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing HBx protein, inducing HCC at the age of 11–18 months. The incidence of histological phenotype, including liver tumor, differed depending on the genetic background of HBx Tg mice. Fatty change and tumor generation were observed much earlier in livers of HBx Tg hybrid (C57BL/6 and CBA) (HBx-Tg hybrid) mice than in HBx Tg C57BL/6 (HBx-Tg B6) mice. Inflammation was also enhanced in the HBx-Tg B6 mice as compared to HBx-Tg hybrid mice. HBx may be involved in inducing and promoting hepatic steatosis, glycemia, hepatic fibrosis, and liver cancer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was remarkably increased in livers of HBx Tg young mice compared to young wild type control mice. Previous studies on HBx Tg mice indicate that the HBx-induced ROS plays a role in inducing and promoting CLD and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yeul Yu
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806 South Korea
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10
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Locostatin Alleviates Liver Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Mice. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:2570-2580. [PMID: 30874989 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver fibrosis is featured with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia. The specific inhibitor of Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein, locostatin, inhibits the migration of hepatic stellate cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of locostatin on liver fibrosis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce liver fibrosis in mice, and locostatin was injected intraperitoneally. Liver fibrosis was assessed by Masson and Sirius red staining, hydroxyproline (HYP) assay, and collagen percentage area. Collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. The levels of MMP-13, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were estimated by ELISA. Liver inflammation was evaluated by HE staining and immunohistochemistry; liver myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were measured by ELISA; and cytokines were by Mouse Cytokine Array Q4000. RESULTS Compared to the CCl4 group, HYP (208.56 ± 6.12) µg/g, percentage of total collagen at overall region (1.91 ± 0.13), MMP-13/TIMP-1 (0.19 ± 0.01), MPO (1.45 ± 0.04) U/g, TGF-β (2652 ± 91.20), PDGF-AA (3897 ± 290.69), and E-selectin (1569 ± 66.48) in the liver tissues were decreased significantly in the locostatin-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Locostatin mitigated liver fibrosis and inflammation induced by CCl4. The mechanism is via inhibition inflammatory cytokines, TGF-β, PDGF-AA, and E-selectin.
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11
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Li Y, Wang J, Yu M, Wang Y, Zhang H, Yin J, Li Z, Li T, Yan H, Li F, Wang X. SNF5 deficiency induces apoptosis resistance by repressing SATB1 expression in Sézary syndrome. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2405-2413. [PMID: 29334836 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1422861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SNF5, is a core member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. It's deficiency leads to multiple types of aggressive cancer. Sézary syndrome, a leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, is characterized by its resistance to apoptosis. Although the cause of apoptosis resistance is still poorly understood, recent evidence has revealed the importance of SATB1 in the apoptosis resistance of Sézary syndrome. In this study, we show that SNF5 is an upstream regulator of SATB1 in several conditions and that both are deficient in Sézary cells. Additionally, SNF5 not only controls the expression of SATB1, but also utilizes SATB1 to recruit itself to specific sites. Overexpression of SNF5 induces SATB1 expression and partially reverse apoptosis resistance phenotype in Sézary cells. These results suggest that both SNF5 and SATB1 may regulate apoptosis-related genes in Sézary syndrome. Thus, targeting SWI/SNF complex may represent a promising approach for Sézary syndrome therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- a Department of Cell Biology , 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jin Wang
- a Department of Cell Biology , 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Minghang Yu
- a Department of Cell Biology , 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Yang Wang
- b Department of Dermatology and Venerology , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- c Departments of Lymphoma , Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy , Tianjin , China
| | - Jie Yin
- a Department of Cell Biology , 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Zexing Li
- a Department of Cell Biology , 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Ting Li
- a Department of Cell Biology , 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Han Yan
- a Department of Cell Biology , 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Fajin Li
- d School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Xi Wang
- a Department of Cell Biology , 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,e Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Capital Medical University , Beijing , P. R. China
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