1
|
Zhu L, Zhou C, Li X, Liu Z, Tong Y, Yang S. Global burden and trends in female premenstrual syndrome study during 1990-2019. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:369-382. [PMID: 38280031 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is prevalent worldwide and considered a crucial issue regarding women's health. In the present study, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 dataset was utilized to assess the distributional trends in PMS burden and prevalence in regional, national, and sociodemographic index (SDI) categories. METHODS The analytical methods and approaches used in the 2019 GBD study were adopted to investigate the incidence rates and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) related to PMS in 204 countries or regions. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UI), and annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated from the data. RESULTS The global incidence and disability-adjusted life years of PMS exhibited a declining trend in the year 2019. Regions with medium-low SDI had the greatest burden of PMS, with the regions of South Asia (ASR = 7337.9 per 10,000) exhibiting the greatest Age-standardized incidence rates, while the high-income North American states presented the fastest upward trends in Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rates. At the national level, 107 nations exhibited a decreasing trend in PMS incidence ASR, while 97 nations exhibited an increasing trend, with the United States presenting the greatest increase. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlighted that even though the global PMS incidence and disability-adjusted life years have decreased from the year 1990 to 2019, PMS remains a prevalent health concern for women worldwide. While addressing preventive measures and treatment, it is also important to consider the regional and national differences in PMS to develop further effective and targeted health policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138#, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chengyu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138#, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xuhong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138#, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhaoxue Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138#, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138#, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138#, Changsha, 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qin R, Mao C, Li G, Zhao D, Kong L, Li P. Network structure of complex interactions of premenstrual syndrome and influencing factors in young adult women. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:199-205. [PMID: 38484889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the transition phase from adolescence to adulthood, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs more commonly, with a variety of symptoms. The occurrence of PMS may be the result of a combination of demographic, physiological, psychological and sociological factors. This study aimed to identify the central symptoms of PMS, and explored the complex influencing factors especially the one-to-one inter-relationships factors with specific symptoms. METHOD This is a cross-sectional study conducted in mainland China. 3458 young adult women were assessed. Using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) to assess the PMS, and PSS score was over 6 divided into PMS group, and vice versa. Influencing factors were assessed by a set of self-reported questionnaire. Network analysis was used to examined the interplay of PMS, whilst also considering the influencing factors of PMS. RESULTS In summary, 1479 participants were in PMS group. Anxiety had the highest strength centrality (1.12/1.09), shown higher centrality in the both network. Swelling of the hands or feet also shown higher strength centrality (0.89) in PMS group. PMS is associated with a higher history of dysmenorrhea, and neurotic personality. Neurotic personality - depressed mood/nervousness (0.27/0.23), history of dysmenorrhea - abdominal distension (0.21), had significantly higher weight than other edges in PMS group. CONCLUSION Anxiety was the most central symptom in the network, and was closely associated with other symptoms like depressed mood, which provided additional evidence for the centrality of emotional features in PMS. Moreover, the influencing factors of PMS combined demographic, physiological, psychological, and sociological factors. According to the central symptoms and factors affecting the specific PMS symptoms in young adult women, targeted intervention is helpful to prevent and alleviate PMS. LIMITATION Cross-sectional design cannot infer the directionality of the associations between variables. All data is self-reported with recall bias and the edge weights across the constructs of influencing factors and PMS were fairly small.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cui Mao
- Department of Science and Technology Management, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guopeng Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Di Zhao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linghua Kong
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xing J, Wu H, Wang X, Yi S, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Hu X. Psychological, physiological, and biochemical correlations after negative emotional videos in college students with and without premenstrual syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1228276. [PMID: 37649559 PMCID: PMC10463732 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1228276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) suffer heavily from emotional problems, the pathogenesis of which is believed to be related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, autonomic nervous system (ANS) and central nervous system (CNS). We took into account all 3 aspects to observed the psychological, physiological and biochemical correlations under anger and sadness in college students with and without PMS. Methods 33 students with PMS and 24 healthy students participated in the emotion induction experiment, and were required to fill out self-report scales. Their salivary cortisol (SCort), skin conductivity level (SCL), heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP) and electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected at the resting stage and 10-15 minutes after each video. Results Compared to healthy controls, students with PMS showed lower SCort level and higher VLF at rest, and no statistic difference in activities of ANS and HPA axis after emotional videos, but different results in EEG in all conditions. The decreases in SBP during angry video, SCort after angry and neutral videos, and increases in θ band power during sad video were moderately correlated with increases in PMS score. No intergroup differences were found in self-report emotions. Discussion Students with PMS had lower activity of HPA axis and possibly higher activity of PNS at rest, and different response patterns in CNS in all conditions. Several EEG frequencies, especially θ band, in specific encephalic regions during emotional videos, as well as declined HPA activities in dealing with angry and neutral stressors, in which γ activity in frontal lobe may play a role, showed moderate correlations with more severe PMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xing
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Medical Department, Huguosi Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Chemical Industry Press Co., LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wei
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingang Hu
- Internal Encephalopathy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nayman S, Beddig T, Reinhard I, Kuehner C. Effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on mood and cortisol in daily life in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5342-5352. [PMID: 35979813 PMCID: PMC10476072 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological risk factors of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are not fully understood, but initial evidence points to a potential role of unfavorable cognitive emotion regulation (ER-) strategies. Given the symptom cyclicity of PMDD, ambulatory assessment is ideally suited to capture psychological and physiological processes across the menstrual cycle. Our study examines habitual ER-strategies in women with PMDD and their predictive value for the course of mood and basal cortisol across the cycle in affected women. METHODS Women with and without PMDD (n = 61 each) were compared regarding habitual mindfulness, reappraisal, and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). Momentary affect and cortisol output were assessed over two consecutive days per cycle phase (menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, late luteal). RESULTS Women with PMDD reported lower mindfulness, less use of reappraisal and stronger RNT than controls (ps < 0.035). In women with PMDD, higher mindfulness and reappraisal and lower RNT predicted decreased negative and increased positive affect across the menstrual cycle (ps < 0.027). However, women using more favorable ER-strategies displayed stronger mood cyclicity, resulting in stronger mood deterioration in the late luteal phase, thereby resembling women with more unfavorable ER-strategies toward the end of the cycle. Lower mindfulness predicted lower cortisol in the menstrual phase. CONCLUSIONS Protective ER-strategies seem to be generally linked to better momentary mood in women with PMDD, but do not appear to protect affected women from premenstrual mood deterioration. Habitual mindfulness, in turn, seems to buffer blunted cortisol activity in women with PMDD, especially in the menstrual phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Nayman
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Theresa Beddig
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alenezi A, Hamed W, Elhehe I, El-Etreby R. Association between Facebook Addiction, Depression, and Emotional Regulation among Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1701. [PMID: 37372819 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Facebook has grown to be one of the most widely used communication platforms. A new condition linked with widespread use has emerged with its expanding popularity: Facebook addiction. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used in the current study, in two randomly selected villages (Elmanial and Batra) and one town (Talkha city) affiliated with Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. Data were collected from women only through using a self-administered socio-demographic questionnaire, Facebook addiction scale, Beck depression inventory-II, and emotional regulation scale. The study found 83.7% of the studied women reported moderate emotional regulation; 27.9% had moderate Facebook addiction, and 23.9% reported mild depression. The study concluded there was a significant negative correlation between Facebook addiction and emotional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atallah Alenezi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Warda Hamed
- Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan 82812, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Elhehe
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rania El-Etreby
- Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akın Ö, Erbil N. Investigation of coping behaviors and premenstrual syndrome among university students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37359568 PMCID: PMC9970851 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in university students and their coping behaviors. 452 female students were included in this descriptive and correlational study. The data were collected using a descriptive information form, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and the Premenstrual Change Coping Inventory (PMS-Cope). PMS symptoms were found in 80.5% of students. Seeking positive affect-inducing activities to cope with PMS was found to be a significant predictor of reducing the severity of PMS (β =-0.265, p < .001). In coping with PMS, it is necessary to consider the perceptions of taking medication, seeking social support, or seeking positive affect-inducing activities as a coping method to determine the social and cultural beliefs of university students and control PMS. PMS is a significant health problem and raising awareness of the issue alone may not be enough. It should also be noted that the severity of PMS can vary markedly between ethnic groups, and women's strategies for coping with symptoms and their effectiveness may differ between cultures. It is pivotal to develop strategies for university students to cope with PMS and provide personalized care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Akın
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, 53100 Turkey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Nülüfer Erbil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu C, Duan G, Zhang S, Wei Y, Liang L, Geng B, Piao R, Xu K, Li P, Zeng X, Deng D, Liu P. Altered functional connectivity density and structural covariance networks in women with premenstrual syndrome. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:835-851. [PMID: 36819237 PMCID: PMC9929399 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a menstrual-related disorder, characterized by physical, emotional, behavioral and cognitive symptoms. However, the neuropathological mechanisms of PMS remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the frequency-specific functional connectivity density (FCD) and structural covariance in PMS. Methods Functional and T1-weighted structural data were obtained from 35 PMS patients and 36 healthy controls (HCs). This study was a cross-sectional and prospective design. The local/long-range FCD (LFCD/LRFCD) across slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) and slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz) bands were computed, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to ascertain the main effects of group and interaction effects between group and frequency band. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to investigate reliable biomarkers for identifying PMS from HCs. Based on the ROC results, characterized the changes of whole-brain structural covariance patterns of striatum subregions in two groups. Correlation analysis was applied to examine relationships between the clinical symptoms and abnormal brain regions. Results Compared with HCs, PMS patients exhibited: (I) aberrant functional communication in the middle cingulate cortex and precentral gyrus; (II) significant frequency band-by-group interaction effects of the striatum, thalamus and orbitofrontal cortex; (III) the better classification ability of the LFCD in the striatum in ROC analysis (slow-5); (IV) decreased gray matter volumes in the caudate subregions and decreased structural associations of between the caudate subregions and frontal cortex; (V) the LFCD value in thalamus were significantly negatively correlated with the sleep problems (slow-5). Conclusions Based on multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, this study might imply the aberrant emotional regulation and cognitive function related to menstrual cycle in PMS and improve our understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanism in PMS from novel perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gaoxiong Duan
- Department of Radiology, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yichen Wei
- Department of Radiology, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Lingyan Liang
- Department of Radiology, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Bowen Geng
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruiqing Piao
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao Zeng
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Demao Deng
- Department of Radiology, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China;,Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mitsuhashi R, Sawai A, Kiyohara K, Shiraki H, Nakata Y. Factors Associated with the Prevalence and Severity of Menstrual-Related Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010569. [PMID: 36612891 PMCID: PMC9819475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify factors associated with the prevalence and severity of menstrual-related symptoms. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021208432). We conducted literature searches of PubMed and Ichushi-Web and used the Jonna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist to assess the quality. Of the 77 studies included in the meta-analysis, significant odds ratios (ORs) were obtained for eight factors associated with primary dysmenorrhea (PD): age ≥ 20 years (OR: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04−1.34), body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.01−2.26), longer menstrual periods (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.04−0.28), irregular menstrual cycle (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.13−1.45), family history of PD (OR: 3.80; 95% CI: 2.18−6.61), stress (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.30−2.72), sleeping hours < 7 h (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.04−1.35), and bedtime after 23:01 (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.16−1.45). Two factors were associated with severity of PD (moderate vs. severe): BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.01−3.54) and smoking (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.08−3.47). PD severity (mild vs. severe) and prevalence of premenstrual syndrome were associated with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.04−3.50) and smoking (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.31−2.66), respectively. The identified risk factors could be utilized to construct an appropriate strategy to improve menstrual symptoms and support women’s health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Mitsuhashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Akemi Sawai
- Research Institute of Physical Fitness, Japan Women’s College of Physical Education, 8-19-1 Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya-ku 157-8565, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kiyohara
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women’s University, 12 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku 102-8357, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiraki
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nakata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hou L, Chen L, Zhou R. Premenstrual syndrome is associated with an altered spontaneous electroencephalographic delta/beta power ratio across the menstrual cycle. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 181:64-72. [PMID: 36029920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome is associated with altered spontaneous brain activity in the late luteal phase, but the fluctuation patterns of brain activity throughout the menstrual cycle have not been revealed. Furthermore, it is also unknown whether the altered spontaneous brain activity during the whole menstrual cycle is further associated with their habitual use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Based on the two reasons, electroencephalogram data and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire from 32 women with high premenstrual symptoms (HPMS) and 33 women with low premenstrual symptoms (LPMS) were measured in the late luteal and follicular phases. Delta power, theta power, beta power, and the slow/fast wave ratios (SW/FW, including theta/beta power ratio [TBR] and delta/beta power ratio [DBR]) were calculated using both fixed frequency bands and individually adjusted frequency bands (based on the individual alpha peak frequency). The results showed that for the frontal and central DBR, as assessed both with fixed and individualized frequency bands, there was no difference between the two phases of the LPMS group, whereas there was a difference between the two phases of the HPMS group with a higher DBR in the late luteal phase than in the follicular phase. Further correlation results revealed that for women with HPMS in the late luteal phase, the frontal and central DBR values, as assessed both with fixed and individualized frequency bands, were positively correlated with self-blame and rumination. Consequently, HPMS was characterized by a fluctuation across the menstrual cycle in the DBR, which was further associated with maladaptive emotion regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence Production Technology and Systems, Beijing 100803, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ravichandran H, Janakiraman B. Effect of Aerobic Exercises in Improving Premenstrual Symptoms Among Healthy Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1105-1114. [PMID: 35996479 PMCID: PMC9392489 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s371193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premenstrual symptoms in women of reproductive age are associated with substantial distress and functional impairments. A healthy lifestyle is the first step to manage premenstrual symptoms. Recreational physical activities have been recommended as an alternative to medical management in easing premenstrual symptoms. Objective The objective of this systematic review is to analyze the effects of aerobic exercises in improving premenstrual symptoms among healthy women. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to February 2022, were searched using keywords in electronic databases such as, SCOPUS, PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane and web of science. RCTs published in English, comparing the effects of aerobic exercise with other interventions or controls were included. PEDro scale and Cochrane collaboration tool for risk of bias was used to assess the methodological quality of included trials. Data from the included study and the participant’s characteristics, interventions, outcome and results were extracted. Results Five RCTs with 492 participants were included in this systematic review. Methodological quality assessed by PEDro (4.8/10) and Cochrane collaboration tool for risk of bias were moderate. Allocation concealment, blinding of participants and outcome assessors were the most common bias in all included studies. Walking, swimming and running were the common aerobic exercises performed in the RCTs. Aerobic exercise is effective in improving physical physiological symptoms among women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Conclusion Aerobic exercises are effective in improving premenstrual symptoms. This review provides moderate evidence for improving hematological parameters during PMS. Further RCTs with long term follow up and quality of life would consolidate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hariharasudhan Ravichandran
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Balamurugan Janakiraman
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen L, Hou L, Zhou R. Eye movement pattern of attention bias to emotional stimuli in women with high premenstrual symptoms. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2022; 74:101689. [PMID: 34753051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2021.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to a group of symptoms linked to the menstrual cycle. Women with PMS have cognitive mode of rumination, which leads to their attention bias to emotional stimuli. This study investigated the biases for emotional information in women with high premenstrual symptoms (HPMS) compared with women with low premenstrual symptoms (LPMS). METHODS A total of 38 women with HPMS and 44 women with LPMS completed self-report questionnaires and a free viewing task with eye-tracking technology. RESULTS The questionnaire results indicate that women in the HPMS group had higher levels of rumination than those in the LPMS group. The eye-tracking results show that women in the HPMS group had an orientation bias towards negative emotional stimuli in the early cognitive process. In the late cognitive process, women in the HPMS group had accelerated attentional disengagement to positive emotional stimuli and difficult attentional disengagement to negative emotional stimuli. Further correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between the scores of initial fixation latency bias of positive pictures in premenstrual phase and the scores of symptom rumination in both groups and between the scores of initial fixation latency bias of positive pictures in premenstrual phase and the scores of brooding in HPMS group. LIMITATIONS This study used a retrospective questionnaire to assess the symptoms of PMS. CONCLUSIONS Women with HPMS had impaired attentional engagement and disengagement to emotional stimuli compared with women with LPMS, and it may be related to their cognitive mode of rumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Chen
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao M, An L, Yu Y, Wang J, Hou Y, Xu Q, Ren L, Gao D. Brain Activation During Processing of Depression Emotion in College Students With Premenstrual Syndrome in China: Preliminary Findings. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:856443. [PMID: 35832597 PMCID: PMC9271695 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the neural substrates of processing depression emotion in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and healthy subjects of college students using blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI). METHODS During BOLD-fMRI scanning, 13 PMS patients and 15 healthy controls (HC) performed a picture visual stimulation task during luteal and follicular phases, in which participants and HC were asked to see pictures containing depression and non-depression emotions. Simultaneously, self-rating depression scales (SDS) were employed to evaluate the emotional status of participants. RESULTS Compared to HC, right inferior occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right lingual gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, cerebelum_crus1_R, cerebelum_6_R, culmen, the cerebellum anterior lobe, tuber, and cerebellar tonsil of PMS patients showed enhanced activation. In contrast, sub-lobar, sub-gyral, extra-nuclear, right orbit part of superior frontal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, right orbit part of inferior frontal gyrus, limbic lobe, right insula, bilateral anterior and adjacent cingulate gyrus, bilateral caudate, caudate head, bilateral putamen, and left globus pallidus exhibited decreased activation. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that abnormal functional regulation of brain regions such as occipital lobe and cerebellum leads to abnormal changes in emotional regulation, cognitive ability, and attention distribution in PMS patients, implying significant central pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Gao
- Team of Research and Innovation Focusing on Emotional Diseases and Syndromes, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Teaching and Research Office of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Scientific Research Achievements Transformation Department, Office of Academic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanjiao Hou
- Medical Teaching Center, Open University of China Press Jinan Branch, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuqi Xu
- Teaching and Research Office of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lvning Ren
- Teaching and Research Office of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Teaching and Research Office of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chaudhury S, Jadhav A, Saldanha D. A study of prevalence and psychological correlates of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_656_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
14
|
Patterns of premenstrual syndrome and depression symptoms in Chinese female university students: Results of a latent profile analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:64-70. [PMID: 34174472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and depression co-occur frequently; however, their relationship remains controversial. This study was conducted primarily to discern heterogeneous patterns of such co-occurring symptoms in Chinese female university students, using a latent profile analysis (LPA), a person-centered statistical approach. METHODS The PMS Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were used to examine self-reported PMS and depression symptoms in 701 Chinese female university students. LPA, multinomial logistical regression, and analyses of variance were adopted to investigate latent profiles and their validity. RESULTS The LPA results indicated that a four-class solution characterized by low symptoms (57.2%), predominantly PMS (11.3%), predominantly depression (23.7%), and combined PMS-depression (7.8%) patterns fitted the data best. Age, first menstrual experience, and personality factors were associated with differences in nonparallel profiles characteristic of menstrual attitude. LIMITATIONS Use of self-report measures can lead to response biases; the cross-sectional design at a single time point limits the examination of changes in symptom characteristics and members within the category over time; and the specific age group limits the generalizability of results. CONCLUSION These results confirm that PMS is independent from depression, rather than a variant of depression, and can be used to resolve the controversy regarding the relationship between PMS and depression. The current findings highlight the need for identifying women at high risk for PMS and depression, and promoting interventions individually tailored to their symptom presentations.
Collapse
|
15
|
Premenstrual Syndrome: The Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies and Trait Meta-Mood. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-021-00412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
Prasad D, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Kidd KN, de Azevedo Cardoso T, Frey BN. Suicidal Risk in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1693-1707. [PMID: 34415776 PMCID: PMC8721500 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) experience substantial functional impairment and decreased quality of life. While previous research has highlighted a relationship between premenstrual disturbances and suicide risk, no meta-analysis has been conducted to quantitatively assess the findings. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching the literature in three databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE) on July 15, 2020. Studies that assessed the relationship between suicidality (attempt, ideation, and/or plan) and premenstrual disturbance (PMDD, PMS, and/or premenstrual symptoms) were included. Results: Thirteen studies were included in the qualitative review (n = 10 included in meta-analysis). Results revealed that women with PMDD are almost seven times at higher risk of suicide attempt (OR: 6.97; 95% CI: 2.98-16.29, p < 0.001) and almost four times as likely to exhibit suicidal ideation (OR: 3.95; 95% CI: 2.97-5.24, p < 0.001). Similarly, women with PMS are also at increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR: 10.06; 95% CI: 1.32 to -76.67, p = 0.03), but not for suicide attempt (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 0.77 to -4.46, p = 0.17). Conclusions: Women with PMDD and PMS are at higher risk of suicidality compared with women without premenstrual disturbances. These findings support routine suicidal risk assessments for women who suffer from moderate-to-severe premenstrual disturbance. Furthermore, psychosocial treatments for women diagnosed with PMS/PMDD should consider and target suicidality to minimize risk and improve well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Prasad
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bianca Wollenhaupt-Aguiar
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Katrina N Kidd
- Biology & Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour Honours Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meng Y, Huang D, Hou L, Zhou R. Hypoactivation of autonomtic nervous system-related orbitofrontal and motor cortex during acute stress in women with premenstrual syndrome. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100357. [PMID: 34258334 PMCID: PMC8252112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ney LJ, Felmingham KL, Nichols D. Reproducibility of saliva progesterone measured by immunoassay compared to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2020; 610:113984. [PMID: 33039429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassay overestimates progesterone in blood, but no studies have tested whether this occurs in saliva. We measured progesterone in saliva using immunoassay and mass spectrometry. We tested the immunoassay for cross reactivity with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP). Progesterone was significantly higher in immunoassay compared to mass spectrometry. Immunoassay progesterone levels increased in when incremental levels of 17α-OHP standard was added. This effect was not observed with the addition of DHEA-S. Research using salivary progesterone immunoassay techniques should be wary, particularly with individuals taking steroid supplementation or with high levels of progesterone metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Ney
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hou L, Han ZR, Meng Y, Huang D, Zhou R. Neural evidence of dysfunction of reward processing in women with premenstrual syndrome. Neuropsychologia 2020; 149:107669. [PMID: 33160966 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on the mechanism behind premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have focused on negative emotional overreaction, but little evidence exists regarding the weakening of positive emotions. Given the close relationship between positive emotions and reward processing, the aim of this study is to investigate the dysfunction of reward processing in women with PMS. METHOD Seventeen women with PMS and seventeen healthy women were scanned during a card guessing task in the late luteal phase. By selecting bilateral caudate and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as seed regions, region-of-interest (ROI) analysis and functional connectivity (psycho-physiological interaction [PPI]) analysis were conducted to compare the difference between two groups. Exploratory whole brain analysis was also conducted to examine the group differences in other reward-related brain regions. RESULTS ROI analysis revealed that healthy women showed stronger activation at the bilateral caudate and OFC when gains were contrasted to losses feedback, whereas women with PMS showed no significant difference between these two conditions. Whole brain analysis indicated that healthy women showed stronger activation at the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) when gains were contrasted to losses feedback, whereas women with PMS showed no significant difference between these two conditions. Furthermore, separate analysis on healthy women revealed significant clusters of greater activation to gains minus losses that included the bilateral caudate, right middle temporal gyrus, and left inferior occipital gyrus; conversely, no significant clusters of activations to gains minus losses were observed in women with PMS. PPI analysis results revealed that women with PMS exhibited lower functional connectivity between the right caudate and the right cerebellum than healthy women when experiencing gains versus losses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide one of the first evidence that PMS is related to dysfunction in reward processing, which could be associated with the weakening of positive emotions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhuo Rachel Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meers JM, Bower JL, Alfano CA. Poor sleep and emotion dysregulation mediate the association between depressive and premenstrual symptoms in young adult women. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020; 23:351-359. [PMID: 31214782 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-019-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A large portion of reproductive-aged women report experiencing distressing premenstrual symptoms. These symptoms can be exacerbated by concurrent mood problems and contribute to long-term depressive risk. However, difficulty sleeping and regulating emotional responses are also associated with the premenstrual phase and represent additional, well-established risk factors for depression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether habitual sleep problems and emotion regulation strategies serve to mediate the relationship between mood and premenstrual symptoms in non-treatment-seeking young women. Participants included 265 adult women between the ages of 18 and 25 who provided retrospective self-reports of depressive symptoms, habitual sleep quality, and premenstrual symptoms for the past month. Trait-based difficulties in regulating emotions were also assessed. Greater depressive symptoms significantly predicted greater premenstrual symptoms and both poor sleep and ineffective emotion regulation were shown to mediate this relationship. Poor sleep may enhance experience of premenstrual symptoms via its well-established impact on physical, cognitive, and/or affective functioning. Similarly, an inability to effectively regulate emotional responses in general may exacerbate experience or perception of somatic and mood symptoms during the premenstrual period, contributing to mood disturbances and risk. Findings require replication in future studies using prospective designs and more diverse samples of women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Meers
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77004, USA.
| | - Joanne L Bower
- Department of Psychology, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Candice A Alfano
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zaehringer J, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Schmahl C, Ende G, Paret C. Psychophysiological Effects of Downregulating Negative Emotions: Insights From a Meta-Analysis of Healthy Adults. Front Psychol 2020; 11:470. [PMID: 32372993 PMCID: PMC7177019 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing psychophysiological responses of emotion regulation is a cost-efficient way to quantify emotion regulation and to complement subjective report that may be biased. Previous studies have revealed inconsistent results complicating a sound interpretation of these findings. In the present study, we summarized the existing literature through a systematic search of articles. Meta-analyses were used to evaluate effect sizes of instructed downregulation strategies on common autonomic (electrodermal, respiratory, cardiovascular, and pupillometric) and electromyographic (corrugator activity, emotion-modulated startle) measures. Moderator analyses were conducted, with moderators including study design, emotion induction, control instruction and trial duration. We identified k = 78 studies each contributing multiple sub-samples and performed 23 meta-analyses for combinations of emotion regulation strategy and psychophysiological measure. Overall, results showed that effects of reappraisal and suppression on autonomic measures were highly inconsistent across studies with rather small mean effect sizes. Electromyography (startle and corrugator activity) showed medium effect sizes that were consistent across studies. Our findings highlight the diversity as well as the low level of standardization and comparability of research in this area. Significant moderation of effects by study design, trial duration, and control condition emphasizes the need for better standardization of methods. In addition, the small mean effect sizes resulting from our analyses on autonomic measures should be interpreted with caution. Findings corroborate the importance of multi-channel approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zaehringer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Jennen-Steinmetz
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriele Ende
- Department Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Paret
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Sagol Brain Institute, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lulu HOU, Lirong CHEN, Renlai ZHOU. Altered reward processing in women with premenstrual syndrome: Evidence from ERPs and time-frequency analysis. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HOU Lulu
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - CHEN Lirong
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - ZHOU Renlai
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hou L, Chang L, Chen L, Zhou R. Reduced Reward Responsiveness in Women With Moderate - to - Severe Premenstrual Syndrome: Evidence From a Probabilistic Reward Task. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:28. [PMID: 32116845 PMCID: PMC7031199 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 50% of women of reproductive age worldwide experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Women with PMS exhibit low positive affect and low frontal electroencephalography asymmetry scores, both of which are associated with reward processing. These findings suggest that women with PMS may exhibit deficiencies in reward processing. A probabilistic reward task based on signal detection approach was used to assess reward responsiveness in 30 women with moderate-to-severe PMS and 31 controls without PMS. The results revealed that in the late luteal phase, the women with moderate-to-severe PMS exhibited lower response bias and lower hit rate toward more frequently rewarded stimuli (rich stimuli) than the controls. By contrast, the response bias and hit rate did not differ between the two groups in the follicular phase. The group differences still remained after controlling for anhedonic symptoms. Furthermore, trial-by-trial probability analyses revealed that women with moderate-to-severe PMS exhibited a trend of having a higher miss rate for rich stimuli than the controls. In particular, when a rich stimulus was preceded by an infrequently rewarded stimulus (a rewarded lean stimulus), participants in the PMS group exhibited a trend for higher miss rate than those in the control group in the late luteal and follicular phases. However, group differences in the probability analyses were nonsignificant after controlling for anhedonic symptoms. These results provide preliminary evidence that women with moderate-to-severe PMS exhibit dysfunctional reward responsiveness and impaired ability to modulate their behavior as a function of prior reinforcement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed stress-induced dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). So far, however, the results about the relationship between HPA axis dysregulation and PMS are mixed. To this end, it is necessary to investigate the basal activity of the HPA axis in women with PMS instead of only assessing a certain stressor. Therefore, this study evaluated the relationship between the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and PMS. Thirty-two women with PMS (mean age 22.47 ± 2.20 years) and 36 healthy controls (mean age 22.28 ± 2.43 years) were included in this study. Saliva samples of our participants were collected successively at 0, 30, 45, and 60 min after awakening to assess CAR during each of two phases of the menstrual cycle (the mid-follicular phase and the late luteal phase). The results showed a significantly attenuated CAR in women with PMS compared with the healthy controls, especially at 45 and 60 min after awakening, regardless of the menstrual cycle phases. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between PMS severity as measured by PMS scale and AUCi (i.e. the Area Under the Curve with respect to increase) in the mid-follicular phase. Our findings suggested that an attenuated CAR activity profile may be an important risk factor for the development of PMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yamei Huang
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology , Beijing , China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cortical and subcortical changes in patients with premenstrual syndrome. J Affect Disord 2018; 235:191-197. [PMID: 29656266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by a series of emotional, physical and behavioral symptoms. Although PMS is related to dysfunctions of the central nervous system, the neuropathological mechanism of PMS still has not been clearly established. The aim of this study is to evaluate potential differences in both cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in PMS patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Twenty PMS patients and twenty HCs underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan and clinical assessment. Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were computed using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite. Relationships between cortical thickness/subcortical volumes and the daily rating of severity of problems (DRSP) score were then measured in patients. RESULTS Compared to HCs, PMS patients exhibited reduced cortical thickness in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and insula, and increased subcortical volumes of the amygdala, thalamus and pallidum. Furthermore, negative correlations were detected between the DRSP and cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. LIMITATIONS The study is limited by a small sample size and narrow age range of participants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the abnormal morphological changes are mainly implicated in emotional regulation and visceral perception in PMS patients. We hope that our study may contribute to a better understanding of PMS.
Collapse
|