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Bai C, You Y, Liu X, Xia M, Wang W, Jia T, Pu T, Lu Y, Zhang C, Li X, Yin Y, Wang L, Zhou J, Niu L. A novel missense mutation in the gene encoding major intrinsic protein (MIP) in a Giant panda with unilateral cataract formation. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:100. [PMID: 33530927 PMCID: PMC7856726 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cataracts are defects of the lens that cause progressive visual impairment and ultimately blindness in many vertebrate species. Most cataracts are age-related, but up to one third have an underlying genetic cause. Cataracts are common in captive zoo animals, but it is often unclear whether these are congenital or acquired (age-related) lesions. Results Here we used a functional candidate gene screening approach to identify mutations associated with cataracts in a captive giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). We screened 11 genes often associated with human cataracts and identified a novel missense mutation (c.686G > A) in the MIP gene encoding major intrinsic protein. This is expressed in the lens and normally accumulates in the plasma membrane of lens fiber cells, where it plays an important role in fluid transport and cell adhesion. The mutation causes the replacement of serine with asparagine (p.S229N) in the C-terminal tail of the protein, and modeling predicts that the mutation induces conformational changes that may interfere with lens permeability and cell–cell interactions. Conclusion The c.686G > A mutation was found in a captive giant panda with a unilateral cataract but not in 18 controls from diverse regions in China, suggesting it is most likely a genuine disease-associated mutation rather than a single-nucleotide polymorphism. The mutation could therefore serve as a new genetic marker to predict the risk of congenital cataracts in captive giant pandas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07386-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | | | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yan Lu
- Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Jun Zhou
- , Chongqing Zoo, Chongqing, China
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Sun W, Xu J, Gu Y, Du C. The relationship between major intrinsic protein genes and cataract. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 41:375-387. [PMID: 32920712 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an essential role in the development of cataracts, and the major intrinsic protein (MIP) gene is a type of causative genes. Our study aims to discuss the current research progress of MIP genes responsible for cataractogenesis in DNA and protein levels, which is essential in achieving a response to the molecular deficiencies and pathophysiologic features of cataract. METHODS We developed a search strategy using a combination of the words "Cataract", "Mutation", "MIP gene", and "AQP0" to identify all articles from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to December 2019. To find more articles and to ensure that databases were thoroughly searched, the reference lists of selected items were also reviewed. RESULTS A total of 29 MIP gene mutations causing congenital cataract were obtained by searching these databases and analyzing the results of genetic mutation pathogenicity prediction software tools; most of them caused amino acid codon changes in the H4, H5, H6, C-TIDs, and loop C in the structure of the MIP protein. However, there was no clear causality between lens morphology, phenotypes, and genotypes. The genotype TC in polymorphism c.-4T > C and haplotype CCG of rs2269348, c.-4T > C, and rs74641138 in MIP may attach an additional genetic risk factor for age-related cataract. CONCLUSION These single-base mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms might be importantly involved in the pathogenesis of congenital cataract and age-related cataract, respectively. This review provides a significant reference for clinical trials and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangshun Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chixin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
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Li S, Zhang J, Cao Y, You Y, Zhao X. Novel mutations identified in Chinese families with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts by targeted next-generation sequencing. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:196. [PMID: 31842807 PMCID: PMC6915918 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Congenital cataract is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous visual impairment. The aim of this study was to identify causative mutations in five unrelated Chinese families diagnosed with congenital cataracts. Methods Detailed family history and clinical data were collected, and ophthalmological examinations were performed using slit-lamp photography. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of all available members. Thirty-eight genes associated with cataract were captured and sequenced in 5 typical nonsyndromic congenital cataract probands by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the functional effect of mutant genes. Results Results from the DNA sequencing revealed five potential causative mutations: c.154 T > C(p.F52 L) in GJA8 of Family 1, c.1152_1153insG(p.S385Efs*83) in GJA3 of Family 2, c.1804 G > C(p.G602R) in BFSP1 of Family 3, c.1532C > T(p.T511 M) in EPHA2 of Family 4 and c.356G > A(p.R119H) in HSF4 of Family 5. These mutations co-segregated with all affected individuals in the families and were not found in unaffected family members nor in 50 controls. Bioinformatics analysis from several prediction tools supported the possible pathogenicity of these mutations. Conclusions In this study, we identified five novel mutations (c.154 T > C in GJA8, c.1152_1153insG in GJA3, c.1804G > C in BFSP1, c.1532C > T in EPHA2, c.356G > A in HSF4) in five Chinese families with hereditary cataracts, respectively. NGS can be used as an effective tool for molecular diagnosis of genetically heterogeneous disorders such as congenital cataract, and the results can provide more effective clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling for the five families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- The No.4 hospital (eye hospital) of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou, 075000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi You
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Visual impairment leads to a decrease in quality of life. Cataract is the most commonly
observed ocular disease in humans that causes vision disorders. The risk factors
associated with cataract development include aging, infections, eye injuries,
environmental causes, such as radiation and exposure to ultraviolet rays in sunlight, and
genetic mutations. Additionally, several cataract patients display phenotypic
heterogeneity, suggesting the role of genetic modifiers in the modulation of severity and
onset time of cataractogenesis. However, the genetic modifiers associated with cataract
have not been identified in humans yet. In contrast, the identification and mapping of
genetic modifiers have been successfully carried out in mice and rats. In this review, we
focus on the genetic modifiers of cataract in the rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Wada
- Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan.,Mammalian Genetics Project, Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Shumpei P Yasuda
- Mammalian Genetics Project, Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kikkawa
- Mammalian Genetics Project, Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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Long X, Huang Y, Tan H, Li Z, Zhang R, Linpeng S, Lv W, Cao Y, Li H, Liang D, Wu L. Identification of a novel MIP frameshift mutation associated with congenital cataract in a Chinese family by whole-exome sequencing and functional analysis. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32:1359-1364. [PMID: 29695758 PMCID: PMC6085365 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To detect the underlying pathogenesis of congenital cataract in a four-generation Chinese family. Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of family members (III:4, IV:4, and IV:6) was performed. Sanger sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were subsequently conducted. Full-length WT-MIP or K228fs-MIP fused to HA markers at the N-terminal was transfected into HeLa cells. Next, quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning were performed. Results The age of onset for nonsyndromic cataracts in male patients was by 1-year old, earlier than for female patients, who exhibited onset at adulthood. A novel c.682_683delAA (p.K228fs230X) mutation in main intrinsic protein (MIP) cosegregated with the cataract phenotype. The instability index and unfolded states for truncated MIP were predicted to increase by bioinformatics analysis. The mRNA transcription level of K228fs-MIP was reduced compared with that of WT-MIP, and K228fs-MIP protein expression was also lower than that of WT-MIP. Immunofluorescence images showed that WT-MIP principally localized to the plasma membrane, whereas the mutant protein was trapped in the cytoplasm. Conclusions Our study generated genetic and primary functional evidence for a novel c.682_683delAA mutation in MIP that expands the variant spectrum of MIP and help us better understand the molecular basis of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xigui Long
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yanru Huang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hu Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Siyuan Linpeng
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Weigang Lv
- Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yingxi Cao
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Haoxian Li
- Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China. .,Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China. .,Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, PR China.
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Wang L, Liu S, Zhang H, Hu S, Wei Y. Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: Identification of desmosomal gene variations and desmosomal protein expression in variation carriers. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2255-2262. [PMID: 29456632 PMCID: PMC5795771 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is an inherited disorder that is predominantly present in the right ventricular myocardium. Mutations in the genes encoding the desmosomal protein are thought to underlie the pathogenesis of AC. Since AC is genetically heterogeneous and phenotypically diverse, modifier genes and environmental factors have an important role in disease expression. The aim of the present study was to identify AC-associated desmosomal gene variations, and examine the expression levels of intercalated disc proteins in AC patients who carry the variations (DSG2 p.Leu797Gln, PKP2 p.Ser249Thr and p.E808fsX30). The results of the present investigation provided information on the search for modifier genes and desmosomal gene mutations, and improved our understanding of the mechanism underlying these AC mutations. Genetic screening of five desmosomal genes (DSG2, DSC2, JUP, PKP2, and DSP) in 23 patients with AC who underwent heart transplantation was performed and the expression levels and localizations of intercalated disc proteins were assessed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The results enabled the identification of three desmosomal gene variations (DSG2 L797Q, PKP2 S249T, and E808fsX30), two of which are reported for the first time. DSG2 L797Q was identified in one patient. The protein expression levels of DSG2 in the L797Q carrier were unchanged compared with the healthy controls, and the expression levels of the other proteins (JUP and Cx43) in the intercalated disc were also similar between the healthy controls, the variation carrier and the case controls. Two variations (S249T and E808fsX30) in PKP2 were identified in one patient, the protein expression levels of PKP2 in this patient were significantly decreased, and the expression levels of the other proteins in the intercalated disc was also decreased. The data suggest that there may be modifier genes and other AC-associated mutations requiring identification, in order to further our understanding of the disease mechanism induced by these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China.,First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Shenghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
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Zhao J, Wu X, Wu D, Yu Y, Yu Y, Wang Y, Fu Q, Zhang J, Yao K. Embryonic Surface Ectoderm-specific Mitofusin 2 Conditional Knockout Induces Congenital Cataracts in Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1522. [PMID: 29367651 PMCID: PMC5784114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited mitochondrial mutations can result in mitochondrial dysfunction or stochastic oxidative damage. Cumulative mitochondrial damage is an important factor in age-related disorders, such as cataracts and macular degeneration. Mfn2 mediates the fusion of mitochondria and contribute to the dynamic balance between fusion and fission that determines mitochondria morphology. We report here that conditional loss of Mfn2 function in the head surface ectoderm leads to a range of congenital eye defects, including small, opacified lens and small eyeball in the most severe phenotypes. The Le-Cre transgenic mouse line and Mfn2 flox mouse line were used in this study to generate Mfn2 conditional knockout mice. Our study revealed Mfn2 gene function in lens development and addressed the relationship between the mitochondria and lens transparency. Conditional loss of Mfn2 affected lens epithelium cell proliferation, apoptosis and ultrastructure of mitochondria. We conclude that proper development of the lens and lens transparency depend on normal Mfn2 gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyue Zhao
- The Department of ophthalmology, Eye center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,The Department of ophthalmology of the 4th Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110005, China
| | - Xinwei Wu
- The Department of ophthalmology of the 4th Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110005, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yinhui Yu
- The Department of ophthalmology, Eye center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yibo Yu
- The Department of ophthalmology, Eye center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yao Wang
- The Department of ophthalmology, Eye center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qiuli Fu
- The Department of ophthalmology, Eye center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- The Department of ophthalmology of the 4th Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110005, China
| | - Ke Yao
- The Department of ophthalmology, Eye center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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