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Zheng L, Assane Hamidou A, Zhao X, Ouyang Z, Lin H, Li J, Zhang X, Luo K, Chen Y. Superoxide dismutase gene family in cassava revealed their involvement in environmental stress via genome-wide analysis. iScience 2023; 26:107801. [PMID: 37954140 PMCID: PMC10638475 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a crucial metal-containing enzyme that plays a vital role in catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide anions, converting them into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, essential for enhancing plant stress tolerance. We identified 8 SOD genes (4 CSODs, 2 FSODs, and 2 MSODs) in cassava. Bioinformatics analyses provided insights into chromosomal location, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, conserved motifs, and gene ontology annotations. MeSOD genes were classified into two groups through phylogenetic analysis, revealing evolutionary connections. Promoters of these genes harbored stress-related cis-elements. Duplication analysis indicated the functional significance of MeCSOD2/MeCSOD4 and MeMSOD1/MeMSOD2. Through qRT-PCR, MeCSOD2 responded to salt stress, MeMSOD2 to drought, and cassava bacterial blight. Silencing MeMSOD2 increased XpmCHN11 virulence, indicating MeMSOD2 is essential for cassava's defense against XpmCHN11 infection. These findings enhance our understanding of the SOD gene family's role in cassava and contribute to strategies for stress tolerance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Zheng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Abdoulaye Assane Hamidou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xuerui Zhao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhiwei Ouyang
- HNU-ASU Joint International Tourism College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongxin Lin
- Soil Fertilizer and Resources Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Kai Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
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Singh H, Grewal SK, Singh R, Bhardwaj RD. Induced defense responses in cultivated and wild chickpea genotypes against Helicoverpa armigera infestation. Biol Futur 2023:10.1007/s42977-022-00151-2. [PMID: 36609909 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Five desi (GL 12,021, GL 29,095, GL 29,078, H11 22 and CSJ 515) and three wild (GLW 22, GLW 58 and GLW 187) chickpea cultivars showed induced defense response against Helicoverpa armigera infestation as a result of enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tyrosine ammonia lyase in leaves, pod walls and seeds. Catalase activity increased in leaves of GL 12,021, H11 22, GL 29,095, CSJ 515, GLW 22, and GL 29,078 after infestation compared to resistant check; catalase and peroxidase activities in GL 29,095 and GL 29,078; ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in leaves of GLW 58. The increased activity of superoxide dismutase in pod wall of H1122; catalase in pod wall of 29,078, GL 29,095 and GL 22; ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in pod wall of GLW 58; phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase in pod wall of GLW 187, H11 22, GL 20,978, GLW 22 and GLW 58 after infestation as compared to resistant check might be responsible for mitigating infestation induced oxidative stress. MDA content decreased in leaves, pod wall and seeds of GLW 187 and GL 12,021 after infestation. Lower percent pod damage (9.58-12.44%) in GL 12,021, GLW 187, GL 29,095, H11 22, GL 29,078, GLW 22 and GLW 58 as compared to resistant (16.18%) and susceptible (21.50) checks might be attributed to differential induced defense mechanism in them. The identified desi and wild genotypes might be used in breeding program to develop cultivars with improved resistance to herbivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
| | - Satvir Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
| | - Rachana D Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
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Liang X, Chen Q, Liu Y, Wu C, Li K, Wu M, Yao X, Qiao Y, Zhang Y, Geng Y. Identification of cassava germplasms resistant to two-spotted spider mite in China: From greenhouse large-scale screening to field validation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1054909. [PMID: 36570903 PMCID: PMC9768451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1054909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Utilization of resistant germplasm is considered as an effective, economical and eco-friendly strategy for cassava pest management. Tetranychus urticae, known as the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), is a devastating pest in Asian cassava planting countries as well as in China. However, the resistant levels of abundant cassava germplasms to TSSM remains largely unknown. METHODS To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted screening of 202 cassava germplasm for resistance to TSSM in China based on the classification of mite damage phenotype, under both greenhouse and field conditions. RESULTS The three rounds of large-scale greenhouse experiments had identified two highly resistant (HR) varieties (C1115 and MIANDIAN), five resistant (R) varieties (SC5, SC9, SC15, COLUMBIA-4D and LIMIN) and five highly susceptible (HS) varieties (KU50, BREAD, SC205, TMS60444 and BRA900), besides, these 'HR' and 'R' varieties would significantly repress the normal development and reproduction of TSSM. In addition, the 12 cassava varieties selected from the greenhouse screening were further subjected to consecutive five years of field validation at Danzhou, Wuming and Baoshan. The seven resistant varieties not only exhibited stable TSSM-resistance performance across the three field environments, but also possessed the same resistant levels as the greenhouse identification, while the resistant varieties SC5 was an exception, which was identified as moderate resistant in Baoshan, indicating the variety-environment interaction may affect its resistance. Furthermore, regional yield estimation suggested that the higher the resistance level was, the better capacity in reducing the yield losses. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated that the TSSM-resistant varieties could be considered as ideal materials in mite control or in future breeding programme of mite-resistant cassava plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Chunling Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Kaimian Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Mufeng Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaowen Yao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Qiao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yue Geng
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
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Acaricidal Activity and Field Efficacy Analysis of the Potential Biocontrol Agent Bacillus vallismortis NBIF-001 against Spider Mites. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091750. [PMID: 36144351 PMCID: PMC9504962 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, spider mites have caused considerable economic losses to global agriculture. However, currently available management strategies are limited because of the rapid development of resistance. In this study, Bacillus vallismortis NBIF-001 was isolated and evaluated for its acaricidal activity. NBIF-001 exhibited a significant lethal effect on spider mites within 48 h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the culture powders (3.2 × 1010 CFU/g) was 50.2 µg/mL for Tetranychus urticae (red form), 18.0 µg/mL for T. urticae (green form), and 15.7 µg/mL for Panonychus citri (McGregor). Cultivation optimisation experiments showed that when the number of spores increased, fermentation toxicity also increased. Moreover, field experiments demonstrated that NBIF-001 performed well in the biocontrol of P. citri, which showed a similar corrected field efficacy with the chemical control (67.1 ± 7.9% and 71.1 ± 6.4% after 14 days). Genomics analysis showed that NBIF-001 contains 231 factors and seven gene clusters of metabolites that may be involved in its acaricidal activity. Further bioassays of the fermentation supernatants showed that 50× dilution treatments killed 72.5 ± 5.4% of the mites in 48 h, which was similar with those of the broth. Bioassays of the supernatant proteins confirmed that various proteins exhibited acaricidal activity. Five candidate proteins were expressed and purified successfully. The bioassays showed that the small protein BVP8 exhibited significant acaricidal activity with an LC50 of 12.4 μg/mL (T. urticae). Overall, these findings suggest that B. vallismortis NBIF-001 is a potential biocontrol agent for spider mite management.
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Li WZ, Zhu T, Zhou JJ, Shang SQ. Effects of short-term heat stress on the activity of three antioxidant enzymes of predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri (acari, phytoseiidae). Front Physiol 2022; 13:937033. [PMID: 36060679 PMCID: PMC9428459 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.937033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the physiological mechanisms of Neoseiulus barkeri in response to short-term heat stress, the eggs and the emerged adults were exposed to 38, 40, and 42°C, 85% ± 5%RH,16 h:8 h (L:D) for 2, 4, and 6 h. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) as well as the protein content of N. barkeri were examined. All treatments caused significant different changes compared to the untreated control. The protein content increased as the temperature increased, while it showed different changing trends with the prolongation of exposure duration. The enzymatic activity of SOD, CAT, and POD was significantly affected by the temperature treatment. Both the maximum and minimum level of the three enzymes after a short-term heat stress differed significantly to the control group (p < 0.05). The highest values of three enzymatic activities were all obtained at 40°C-4 h. Person correlation analysis indicates that the high temperature was the primary factor affecting the enzymatic activity, while the exposure duration of the heat stress was the secondary factor. In general, the short-term heat stress increased the protein content of Neoseiulus barkeri and up-regulated the expression of SOD, CAT, and POD activities as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, and Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Su-Qin Shang
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Su-Qin Shang,
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Zameer R, Fatima K, Azeem F, ALgwaiz HIM, Sadaqat M, Rasheed A, Batool R, Shah AN, Zaynab M, Shah AA, Attia KA, AlKahtani MDF, Fiaz S. Genome-Wide Characterization of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Genes in Daucus carota: Novel Insights Into Structure, Expression, and Binding Interaction With Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2O 2) Under Abiotic Stress Condition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:870241. [PMID: 35783965 PMCID: PMC9246500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.870241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins are important antioxidant enzymes that help plants to grow, develop, and respond to a variety of abiotic stressors. SOD gene family has been identified in a number of plant species but not yet in Daucus carota. A total of 9 DcSOD genes, comprising 2 FeSODs, 2 MnSODs, and 5 Cu/ZnSODs, are identified in the complete genome of D. carota, which are dispersed in five out of nine chromosomes. Based on phylogenetic analysis, SOD proteins from D. carota were categorized into two main classes (Cu/ZnSODs and MnFeSODs). It was predicted that members of the same subgroups have the same subcellular location. The phylogenetic analysis was further validated by sequence motifs, exon-intron structure, and 3D protein structures, with each subgroup having a similar gene and protein structure. Cis-regulatory elements responsive to abiotic stresses were identified in the promoter region, which may contribute to their differential expression. Based on RNA-seq data, tissue-specific expression revealed that DcCSD2 had higher expression in both xylem and phloem. Moreover, DcCSD2 was differentially expressed in dark stress. All SOD genes were subjected to qPCR analysis after cold, heat, salt, or drought stress imposition. SODs are antioxidants and play a critical role in removing reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). DcSODs were docked with H2O2 to evaluate their binding. The findings of this study will serve as a basis for further functional insights into the DcSOD gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Zameer
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Fatima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hussah I. M. ALgwaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sadaqat
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asima Rasheed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Batool
- Department of Botany, GC Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Zaynab
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneera D. F. AlKahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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The Roles of Cassava in Marginal Semi-Arid Farming in East Nusa Tenggara—Indonesia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Risk and uncertainty in grain crop production are common in marginal semi-arid environments, such as East Nusa Tenggara province. Growing root and tuber crops in a mixed-cropping system is one of the strategies developed by smallholder farmers to substitute food grains and minimize risk. Nevertheless, root and tuber crops are not prioritized for food production systems since food crops in Indonesia are based more on grain and wetland rice production systems. This paper reviews cassava crops, which are widely cultivated by smallholder farmers. This paper contributes to understanding the roles of cassava for smallholder farmers, the diversity of the cassava germ plasm, the progress made to increase cassava productivity, and the potency of cassava crops to improve farmers’ incomes. This paper highlights that, in the low and erratic rainfall of dominant semi-arid regions, the development of cassava is pivotal to secure the harvest of food crops or food availability and income generation for marginal farmers.
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Chen Q, Liang X, Wu C, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhao H, Li K, Chen S, Wang H, Han Z, Wu M, Yao X, Shui J, Qiao Y, Zhan X, Zhang Y. Overexpression of leucoanthocyanidin reductase or anthocyanidin reductase elevates tannins content and confers cassava resistance to two-spotted spider mite. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994866. [PMID: 36061805 PMCID: PMC9433999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) is a destructive cassava pest. Intensive demonstration of resistance mechanism greatly facilitates the creation of TSSM-resistant cassava germplasm. Gene to metabolite network plays a crucial role in modulating plant resistance, but little is known about the genes and related metabolites which are responsible for cassava resistance to TSSM. Here, a highly resistant (HR) and a highly susceptible (HS) cassava cultivar were used, integrative and comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses between these two cultivars after TSSM infestation revealed that several genes and metabolites were closely related and significantly different in abundance. In particular, the expression of leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) genes showed a high positive correlation with most of the metabolites in the tannin biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, transgenic cassava lines overexpressing either of the genes elevated tannin concentrations and conferred cassava resistance to TSSM. Additionally, different forms of tannins possessed distinct bioactivity on TSSM, of which total condensed tannins (LC50 = 375.68 mg/l) showed maximum lethal effects followed by procyanidin B1 (LC50 = 3537.10 mg/l). This study accurately targets LAR, ANR and specific tannin compounds as critical genes and metabolites in shaping cassava resistance to TSSM, which could be considered as biomarkers for evaluation and creation of pest-resistant cassava germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Chen,
| | - Xiao Liang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Xiao Liang,
| | - Chunling Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Huiping Zhao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Kaimian Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Songbi Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiling Han
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Mufeng Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaowen Yao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Shui
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Qiao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xue Zhan
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Academy, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan, China
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Hu W, Ji C, Liang Z, Ye J, Ou W, Ding Z, Zhou G, Tie W, Yan Y, Yang J, Ma L, Yang X, Wei Y, Jin Z, Xie J, Peng M, Wang W, Guo A, Xu B, Guo J, Chen S, Wang M, Zhou Y, Li X, Li R, Xiao X, Wan Z, An F, Zhang J, Leng Q, Li Y, Shi H, Ming R, Li K. Resequencing of 388 cassava accessions identifies valuable loci and selection for variation in heterozygosity. Genome Biol 2021; 22:316. [PMID: 34784936 PMCID: PMC8594203 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heterozygous genomes are widespread in outcrossing and clonally propagated crops. However, the variation in heterozygosity underlying key agronomic traits and crop domestication remains largely unknown. Cassava is a staple crop in Africa and other tropical regions and has a highly heterozygous genome. Results We describe a genomic variation map from 388 resequenced genomes of cassava cultivars and wild accessions. We identify 52 loci for 23 agronomic traits through a genome-wide association study. Eighteen allelic variations in heterozygosity for nine candidate genes are significantly associated with seven key agronomic traits. We detect 81 selective sweeps with decreasing heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity, harboring 548 genes, which are enriched in multiple biological processes including growth, development, hormone metabolisms and responses, and immune-related processes. Artificial selection for decreased heterozygosity has contributed to the domestication of the large starchy storage root of cassava. Selection for homozygous GG allele in MeTIR1 during domestication contributes to increased starch content. Selection of homozygous AA allele in MeAHL17 is associated with increased storage root weight and cassava bacterial blight (CBB) susceptibility. We have verified the positive roles of MeTIR1 in increasing starch content and MeAHL17 in resistance to CBB by transient overexpression and silencing analysis. The allelic combinations in MeTIR1 and MeAHL17 may result in high starch content and resistance to CBB. Conclusions This study provides insights into allelic variation in heterozygosity associated with key agronomic traits and cassava domestication. It also offers valuable resources for the improvement of cassava and other highly heterozygous crops. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-021-02524-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China. .,Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China. .,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Changmian Ji
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiu Ye
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenjun Ou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zehong Ding
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Tie
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jinghao Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Liming Ma
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Anping Guo
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Biyu Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Songbi Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | | | - Yang Zhou
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoxi Li
- Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xinhui Xiao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhongqing Wan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Feifei An
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qingyun Leng
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yin Li
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Ray Ming
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Kaimian Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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10
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Resistance of Common Bean Genotypes to the Broad Mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Acari: Tarsonemidae): Offspring Development and Biochemical Basis. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100910. [PMID: 34680680 PMCID: PMC8540688 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The broad mite is a prominent pest, and its management is difficult due to its fast life cycle and farmers’ difficulty in detecting it before the damage is caused. Thus, the use of resistant plants is critical for an integrated pest management program for this mite species. Experiments were conducted to search for common bean varieties with resistance against the broad mite. With our findings, selected genotypes could be used for an integrated pest management program. Carioca Original, one of the most-used varieties in Brazil, had a lower yield, despite low numbers of broad mites. Broad mite populations did not jeopardize the yield of the Verdão and Negrão 11 varieties. Abstract The broad mite (BM) Polyphagotarsonemus latus is a pest of great prominence for several crops, including the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The objective of this study was to select resistant genotypes and to determine chemicals associated with resistance. In the first experiment, BM incidence was assessed for 36 genotypes in a greenhouse study. A group of 10 genotypes was selected according to the development of BM populations. Mite populations and phytometric and biochemical variables were then determined to study eventual differential genotypic responses to mite infestation. Lower numbers of mite mobile forms (larvae + adults) were found on Verdão, Negrão and Carioca Original genotypes. The magnitude of differences reached 5.4 times more BM in the IAC Alvorada than the Verdão genotype. Plant yields were reduced for the genotypes TAA Bola Cheia, IPR Sabiá, IPR Uirapuru, IAC Alvorada and Carioca Original when plants were infested with BM. The yields for LP 13833, BRS Esteio, Negrão 11, Verdão and MD 1133 were similar between infested and non-infested genotypes, indicating tolerance. Verdão and Negrão 11, besides the tolerance, exhibited low offspring development, indicating antibiosis and/or antixenosis. Higher phenolic compound levels were found in the Verdão genotype. Increased contents of catalase and peroxidase were detected for Negrão 11 genotype when infested with BM. This work allowed the detection of common bean genotypes that express resistance and tolerance to BM. These genotypes can be used in places with a history of BM infestation, or used in breeding programs to incorporate these characteristics in other genotypes.
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11
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Label-free quantitative proteomics of Sorghum bicolor reveals the proteins strengthening plant defense against insect pest Chilo partellus. Proteome Sci 2021; 19:6. [PMID: 33810819 PMCID: PMC8019186 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-021-00173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spotted stem borer- Chilo partellus - a Lepidopteran insect pest of Sorghum bicolor is responsible for major economic losses. It is an oligophagous pest, which bores through the plant stem, causing 'deadheart' and hampering the development of the main cob. We applied a label-free quantitative proteomics approach on three genotypes of S. bicolor with differential resistance/ susceptibility to insect pests, intending to identify the S. bicolor's systemic protein complement contributing to C. partellus tolerance. METHODS The proteomes of S. bicolor with variable resistance to insect pests, ICSV700, IS2205 (resistant) and Swarna (susceptible) were investigated and compared using label-free quantitative proteomics to identify putative leaf proteins contributing to resistance to C. partellus. RESULTS The multivariate analysis on a total of 967 proteins led to the identification of proteins correlating with insect resistance/susceptibility of S. bicolor. Upon C. partellus infestation S. bicolor responded by suppression of protein and amino acid biosynthesis, and induction of proteins involved in maintaining photosynthesis and responding to stresses. The gene ontology analysis revealed that C. partellus-responsive proteins in resistant S. bicolor genotypes were mainly involved in stress and defense, small molecule biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, catalytic and translation regulation activities. At steady-state, the resistant S. bicolor genotypes displayed at least two-fold higher numbers of unique proteins than the susceptible genotype Swarna, mostly involved in catalytic activities. Gene expression analysis of selected candidates was performed on S. bicolor by artificial induction to mimic C. partellus infestation. CONCLUSION The collection of identified proteins differentially expressed in resistant S. bicolor, are interesting candidates for further elucidation of their role in defense against insect pests.
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12
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Rajput VD, Harish, Singh RK, Verma KK, Sharma L, Quiroz-Figueroa FR, Meena M, Gour VS, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S. Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:267. [PMID: 33810535 PMCID: PMC8066271 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stationary life of plants has led to the evolution of a complex gridded antioxidant defence system constituting numerous enzymatic components, playing a crucial role in overcoming various stress conditions. Mainly, these plant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferases (GST), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which work as part of the antioxidant defence system. These enzymes together form a complex set of mechanisms to minimise, buffer, and scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently. The present review is aimed at articulating the current understanding of each of these enzymatic components, with special attention on the role of each enzyme in response to the various environmental, especially abiotic stresses, their molecular characterisation, and reaction mechanisms. The role of the enzymatic defence system for plant health and development, their significance, and cross-talk mechanisms are discussed in detail. Additionally, the application of antioxidant enzymes in developing stress-tolerant transgenic plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Harish
- Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India;
| | - Rupesh Kumar Singh
- Centro de Química de Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Lav Sharma
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Fitomejoramiento Molecular, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa (CIIDIR-IPN Unidad Sinaloa), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes no. 250, Col. San Joachín, C.P., 81101 Guasave, Mexico;
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India;
| | - Vinod Singh Gour
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, NH 11C, Kant Kalwar, Jaipur 303002, India;
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
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13
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Pant S, Huang Y. Elevated production of reactive oxygen species is related to host plant resistance to sugarcane aphid in sorghum. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1849523. [PMID: 33270502 PMCID: PMC7849690 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1849523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) is a phloem-feeding insect that severely affects the growth and productivity of sorghum and other related crops. While a growing body of knowledge is accumulating regarding plant, and insect interactions, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) against aphid infestation in sorghum has not been established yet. Here, the involvement of H2O2 and ROS detoxification enzymes in host plant resistance to sugarcane aphid in sorghum was demonstrated. The H2O2 accumulation and expression patterns of selected ROS scavenging enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in response to sugarcane aphid infestation at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days post infestation (dpi) in resistant (Tx2783) and susceptible (Tx7000) sorghum genotypes were assessed, respectively. A significant increase in H2O2 accumulation was observed in resistant genotypes at all time points studied as compared to susceptible plants. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that in responding to attack by sugarcane aphid, antioxidant genes were induced in both genotypes, but much stronger in the resistant line. Furthermore, aphid survival and fecundity were significantly inhibited in resistant plants compared to susceptible plants. Taken together, our results suggest that the elevated accumulation of H2O2 and the strong upregulation of the antioxidant genes in sorghum may have contributed to host plant resistance in Tx2783 against sugarcane aphid but the weak expression of those antioxidant genes in Tx7000 resulted in the failure of attempting defense against sugarcane aphid. This report also provides the experimental evidence for the role of ROS involvement in the early defensive response to an attack by sugarcane aphid in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Pant
- Plant Science Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Yinghua Huang
- Plant Science Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Stillwater, OK, USA
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14
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Costa EN, Martins LO, Reis LC, Fernandes MG, de Paula Quintão Scalon S. Resistance of Cowpea Genotypes to Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Its Relationship to Resistance-Related Enzymes. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2521-2529. [PMID: 32841343 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) can attack cowpea plants (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) (Fabales: Fabaceae) in any growth stage but attacks primarily in the first days after plant emergence, when the plants are more sensitive to defoliation. This study was carried out to evaluate the resistance to S. frugiperda in six cowpea genotypes, of which four were cultivars (BRS Tapahium, BRS Tumucumaque, Fradinho, and Miranda), and two were landraces (Juti and Nioaque), in three different experiments. In the first experiment, adult emergence, adult weight, adult longevity, larva to adult period, numbers of injured leaves per plant canopy (upper, middle, and lower), and reduction in plant dry matter were assessed. In the second experiment, the oviposition preference of S. frugiperda for the different cowpea genotypes was evaluated under free-choice conditions. In the third experiment, levels of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and protein content in cowpea leaves were assessed. Insects fed on landrace Juti plants showed low adult emergence, yielded a lower fitness index, and caused less plant dry matter reduction. In addition, plants of landrace Juti were less preferred for oviposition. Overall, Juti plants showed higher resistance levels in all three resistance categories and higher levels of POD and SOD in S. frugiperda injured leaves, in addition to a lower protein content. Juti will be tested in field conditions, followed by molecular characterization. This will provide additional information about its potential as an S. frugiperda resistance source in plant breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Neves Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias
| | - Lucas Ortega Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Lucas Coutinho Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias
| | - Marcos Gino Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
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15
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Liang X, Chen Q, Wu C, Liu Y, Fang Y. Reference gene validation in Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (Acari: Tetranychidae) feeding on mite-susceptible and mite-resistant rubber tree germplasms. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:211-228. [PMID: 32886259 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reliable reference genes are quite important in calculating gene transcript levels by using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR). Eotetranychus sexmaculatus is known as a dangerous mite causing significant yield reduction of rubber tree latex; however, selection of appropriate reference genes for validation of target gene expression in E. sexmaculatus has not been conducted yet. In the present study, nine candidate reference genes were analyzed for their expression stability in different life stages of E. sexmaculatus by using common algorithms including comparative ΔCq method, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. In addition, a comprehensive analysis software (RefFinder) was used to assign an overall final rank for each candidate gene. The results showed that β-actin and β-TUB were the best two reference genes and were subjected to evaluate expression of two protective enzyme genes (EsCu/ZnSOD and EsCAT1) in E. sexmaculatus. We found that the expression of EsCu/ZnSOD and EsCAT1 in E. sexmaculatus feeding on mite-resistant rubber tree germplasm was significantly lower compared with those feeding on mite-susceptible germplasm. These results will facilitate research in revealing molecular mechanisms underlying rubber tree resistance to the spider mite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, China
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, China.
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
| | - Chunling Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, China
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, China
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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16
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Augustyniak A, Pawłowicz I, Lechowicz K, Izbiańska-Jankowska K, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Rapacz M, Perlikowski D, Kosmala A. Freezing Tolerance of Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea Introgression Forms is Associated with the High Activity of Antioxidant System and Adjustment of Photosynthetic Activity under Cold Acclimation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165899. [PMID: 32824486 PMCID: PMC7460622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Though winter-hardiness is a complex trait, freezing tolerance was proved to be its main component. Species from temperate regions acquire tolerance to freezing in a process of cold acclimation, which is associated with the exposure of plants to low but non-freezing temperatures. However, mechanisms of cold acclimation in Lolium-Festuca grasses, important for forage production in Europe, have not been fully recognized. Thus, two L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms with distinct freezing tolerance were used herein as models in the comprehensive research to dissect these mechanisms in that group of plants. The work was focused on: (i) analysis of cellular membranes' integrity; (ii) analysis of plant photosynthetic capacity (chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes of the Calvin cycle); (iii) analysis of plant antioxidant capacity (reactive oxygen species generation; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes); and (iv) analysis of Cor14b accumulation, under cold acclimation. The more freezing tolerant introgression form revealed a higher integrity of membranes, an ability to cold acclimate its photosynthetic apparatus and higher water use efficiency after three weeks of cold acclimation, as well as a higher capacity of the antioxidant system and a lower content of reactive oxygen species in low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Augustyniak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Izabela Pawłowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Lechowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Karolina Izbiańska-Jankowska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.I.-J.); (M.A.-J.)
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.I.-J.); (M.A.-J.)
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Dawid Perlikowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Defense Response in Chickpea Pod Wall due to Simulated Herbivory Unfolds Differential Proteome Profile. Protein J 2020; 39:240-257. [PMID: 32356273 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pod wall of legumes is known to protect the developing seeds from pests and pathogens. However, the mechanism of conferring defense against insects has not yet been deciphered. Here, we have utilized 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to identify over expressed proteins in the pod wall of two different cultivars (commercial cultivar: JG 11 and tolerant cultivar: ICC 506-EB) of chickpea after 12 h of application of Helicoverpa armigera oral secretions (simulated herbivory). The assays were performed with a view that larvae are a voracious feeder and cause substantial damage to the pod within 12 h. A total of 600 reproducible protein spots were detected on gels, and the comparative analysis helped identify 35 (12 up-regulated, 23 down-regulated) and 20 (10 up-regulated, 10 down-regulated) differentially expressed proteins in JG 11 and ICC 506-EB, respectively. Functional classification of protein spots of each cultivar after MS/MS indicated that the differentially expressed proteins were associated with various metabolic activities. Also, stress-related proteins such as mannitol dehydrogenase (MADH), disease resistance-like protein-CSA1, serine/threonine kinase (D6PKL2), endoglucanase-19 etc. were up-regulated due to simulated herbivory. The proteins identified with a possible role in defense were further analyzed using the STRING database to advance our knowledge on their interacting partners. It decoded the involvement of several reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and other proteins involved in cell wall reinforcement. The biochemical analysis also confirmed the active role of ROS scavengers during simulated herbivory. Thus, our study provides valuable new insights on chickpea-H.armigera interactions at the protein level.
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Hussain A, AlJabr AM. Potential Synergy between Spores of Metarhizium anisopliae and Plant Secondary Metabolite, 1-Chlorooctadecane for Effective Natural Acaricide Development. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081900. [PMID: 32326009 PMCID: PMC7221990 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Date palm dust mites are important pests severely infesting valuable nutritious fruits (dates) of date palm. In search of an alternative to acaricides, joint action of Metarhizium anisopliae EBCL 02049 spores and 1-Chlorooctadecane was evaluated as a potential candidate for the management of Oligonychus afrasiaticus through natural products. In this regard, in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the interaction of M. anisopliae spores with multiple doses of 1-Chlorooctadecane (0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 mg/mL). Compatibility bioassay results evidenced from vegetative growth (77.7–84.40 mm), sporulation (5.50–7.30 × 106 spores/mL), and germination (96.70–98.20%), revealed that all the tested doses are compatible (biological index > 82) with the spores of M. anisopliae. The impact of combined treatment of spores with 1-Chlorooctadecane in different proportions (Scheme I, II, III, and IV) compared to their sole application against O. afrasiaticus was evaluated by concentration–mortality response bioassays. Results showed that all the combined treatments revealed high mortality compared to the sole application, which showed relatively slow mortality response over time. Toxicity recorded from Scheme IV combinations (80% 1-Chlorooctadecane: 20% Spores), exhibited strong synergistic interaction (joint toxicity = 713). Furthermore, potent interactions have overcome the host antioxidant defense at the final stage of infection by tremendously reducing catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities. These experiments demonstrated fungal–toxin joint synergistic interaction as a promising date palm dust mite management option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- Laboratory of Bio-Control and Molecular Biology, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
- Research and Consulting Institute, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohammed AlJabr
- Laboratory of Bio-Control and Molecular Biology, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +9-6650-691-4442
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Zehra A, Hashmi MZ, Khan AM, Malik T, Abbas Z. Biphasic Dose-Response Induced by PCB150 and PCB180 in HeLa Cells and Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820910040. [PMID: 32206047 PMCID: PMC7076582 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820910040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and their dose-dependent toxicities studies are not well-established. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of PCB150 and PCB180 in HeLa cells were studied. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that the cell proliferation was stimulated at low doses (10−3 and 10−2 µg/mL for 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours) and inhibited at high doses (10 and 15 µg/mL for 24, 48, and 72 hours) for both PCBs. Increase in reactive oxygen species formation was observed in the HeLa cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase showed increased levels at high concentrations of PCBs over the time. Glutathione peroxidase expression was downregulated after PCBs exposure, suggested that both PCB congeners may attributable to cytotoxicity. Comet assay elicited a significant increase in genotoxicity at high concentrations of PCBs as compared to low concentrations indicating genotoxic effects. PCB150 and PCB180 showed decrease in the activity of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase at high concentrations after 12 and 48 hours. These findings may contribute to understanding the mechanism of PCBs-induced toxicity, thereby improving the risk assessment of toxic compounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainy Zehra
- Department of Zoology, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Tariq Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Chen Q, Liang X, Wu C, Gao J, Chen Q, Zhang Z. Density threshold-based acaricide application for the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on cassava: from laboratory to the field. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2634-2641. [PMID: 30706630 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD The red spider mite Tetranychus urticae is known as a worldwide pest in cassava production which can caused serious economic losses. Because no threshold levels are established for T. urticae in cassava cropping, many growers in China are applying excessive chemical applications per cassava cropping period. This is not only expensive, but also results in lower yields because of severe leaf damage and development of resistance. This study aims to develop an immediate threshold level for T. urticae control which could be determined in the laboratory and fit the field application requirements. RESULTS The mite density of 25 mites/leaf was the threshold which caused significant decrease of photosynthetic pigment contents and protective enzyme activities in cassava leaves in the laboratory. Moreover, 25 mites/leaf was also the threshold density which resulted in significantly lower leaf damage and higher yield levels compared with a higher level of mites/leaf where calendar sprays were used. CONCLUSION The mite density threshold that brought about significant physiological and biochemical changes in the laboratory basically coincided with the threshold that resulted in significant yield loss in the field. It is therefore concluded that the optimum threshold acaricide spray for T. urticae on cassava is 25 mites/leaf. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chunling Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jintao Gao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Farci D, Guadalupi G, Bierła K, Lobinski R, Piano D. The Role of Iron and Copper on the Oligomerization Dynamics of DR_2577, the Main S-Layer Protein of Deinococcus radiodurans. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1450. [PMID: 31333601 PMCID: PMC6615493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface (S)-layers are cryptic structures that coat the external surface of the bacterial cell in many species. The paracrystalline regularity of the S-layer is due to the self-assembling of one or more protein units. The property of self-assembling seems to be mediated by specific topologies of the S-layer proteins as well as the presence of specific ions that provide support in building and stabilizing the bi-dimensional S-layer organization. In the present study, we have investigated the self-assembling mechanism of the main S-layer protein of Deinococcus radiodurans (DR_2577) finding an unusual role played by Fe3+ and Cu2+ in the oligomerization of this protein. These findings may trace a structural and functional metallo-mediated convergence between the role of these metals in the assembling of the S-layer and their well-known roles in protecting against oxidative stress in D. radiodurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Farci
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Bierła
- Laboratory of Analitycal and Bioinorganic Chemistry and Environment, UMR5254 Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), Pau, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Laboratory of Analitycal and Bioinorganic Chemistry and Environment, UMR5254 Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), Pau, France
| | - Dario Piano
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Yang J, Wang GQ, Zhou Q, Lu W, Ma JQ, Huang JH. Transcriptomic and proteomic response of Manihot esculenta to Tetranychus urticae infestation at different densities. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2019; 78:273-293. [PMID: 31168751 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an extremely serious cassava (Manihot esculenta) pest. Building a genomic resource to investigate the molecular mechanisms of cassava responses to T. urticae is vital for characterizing cassava resistance to mites. Based on the tolerance of cassava varieties to mite infestation (focusing on mite development rate, fecundity and physiology), cassava variety SC8 was selected to analyze transcriptomic and proteomic changes after 5 days of T. urticae feeding. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 698 and 2140 genes with significant expression changes under low and high mite infestation, respectively. More defense-related genes were found in the enrichment pathways at high mite density than at low density. In addition, iTRAQ-labeled proteomic analysis revealed 191 proteins with significant expression changes under low mite infestation. Differentially expressed genes and proteins were mainly found in the following defense-related pathways: flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism under low-density mite feeding and plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction pathways under high-density mite feeding. The plant hormone signal transduction network, involving ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid transduction pathways, was explored in relation to the M. esculenta response to T. urticae. Correlation analysis of the transcriptome and proteome generated a Pearson correlation coefficients of R = 0.2953 (P < 0.01), which might have been due to post-transcriptional or post-translational regulation resulting in many genes being inconsistently expressed at both the transcript and protein levels. In summary, the M. esculenta transcriptome and proteome changed in response to T. urticae, providing insight into the general activation of plant defense pathways in response to mite infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Guo-Quan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun-Qing Ma
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Hua Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Verma D, Lakhanpal N, Singh K. Genome-wide identification and characterization of abiotic-stress responsive SOD (superoxide dismutase) gene family in Brassica juncea and B. rapa. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:227. [PMID: 30890148 PMCID: PMC6425617 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abiotic stresses like drought, heat, cold and salinity cause major productivity loss in the rapeseed-mustard crops (Brassica). Major efforts have been made in the past to identify genes that provide resistance against such stresses. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins, member of the metallo-enzyme family play vital role in protecting plants against abiotic stresses. In the present study, genome-wide analysis of abiotic stress responsive SOD gene family has been done in B. juncea and B. rapa. Results A total of 29 and 18 SOD genes were identified in B. juncea and B. rapa respectively and chromosome location mapping indicated their wide distribution across genome. On the basis of domain composition, the SODs were phylogenetically classified into sub-groups which was also substantiated by the gene structure and sub-cellular locations of SOD proteins. Functional annotation of SODs was also done by Gene Ontology (GO) mapping and the result was corroborated by the identified cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region of SOD genes. Based on FPKM analysis of SRA data available for drought, heat and salt stress, we identified 14 and 10 abiotic stress responsive SOD genes in B. rapa and B. juncea respectively. The differential expression analysis under drought and heat stress of identified abiotic-stress responsive SOD genes was done through quantitative Real Time PCR. Conclusion We identified abiotic-stress responsive genes that could help in improving the plant tolerance against abiotic stresses. This was the first study to describe the genome-wide analysis of SOD gene family in B. rapa and B. juncea, and the results will help in laying basic ground for future work of cloning and functional validation of SOD genes during abiotic stresses leading to Brassica crop improvement. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5593-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block I, Panjab University, Sector 25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neha Lakhanpal
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block I, Panjab University, Sector 25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block I, Panjab University, Sector 25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles induced expression of pathogenesis-related proteins genes enhances biotic stress tolerance in tomato. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:948-954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Enebe MC, Babalola OO. The impact of microbes in the orchestration of plants' resistance to biotic stress: a disease management approach. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9-25. [PMID: 30315353 PMCID: PMC6311197 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The struggle for survival is a natural and a continuous process. Microbes are struggling to survive by depending on plants for their nutrition while plants on the other hand are resisting the attack of microbes in order to survive. This interaction is a tug of war and the knowledge of microbe-plant relationship will enable farmers/agriculturists improve crop health, yield, sustain regular food supply, and minimize the use of agrochemicals such as fungicides and pesticides in the fight against plant pathogens. Although, these chemicals are capable of inhibiting pathogens, they also constitute an environmental hazard. However, certain microbes known as plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) aid in the sensitization and priming of the plant immune defense arsenal for it to conquer invading pathogens. PGPM perform this function by the production of elicitors such as volatile organic compounds, antimicrobials, and/or through competition. These elicitors are capable of inducing the expression of pathogenesis-related genes in plants through induced systemic resistance or acquired systemic resistance channels. This review discusses the current findings on the influence and participation of microbes in plants' resistance to biotic stress and to suggest integrative approach as a better practice in disease management and control for the achievement of sustainable environment, agriculture, and increasing food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chekwube Enebe
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
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Zhang D, He JY, Haddadi P, Zhu JH, Yang ZH, Ma L. Genome sequence of the potato pathogenic fungus Alternaria solani HWC-168 reveals clues for its conidiation and virulence. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:176. [PMID: 30400851 PMCID: PMC6219093 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternaria solani is a known air-born deuteromycete fungus with a polycyclic life cycle and is the causal agent of early blight that causes significant yield losses of potato worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the conidiation and pathogenicity remain largely unknown. RESULTS We produced a high-quality genome assembly of A. solani HWC-168 that was isolated from a major potato-producing region of Northern China, which facilitated a comprehensive gene annotation, the accurate prediction of genes encoding secreted proteins and identification of conidiation-related genes. The assembled genome of A. solani HWC-168 has a genome size 32.8 Mb and encodes 10,358 predicted genes that are highly similar with related Alternaria species including Alternaria arborescens and Alternaria brassicicola. We identified conidiation-related genes in the genome of A. solani HWC-168 by searching for sporulation-related homologues identified from Aspergillus nidulans. A total of 975 secreted protein-encoding genes, which might act as virulence factors, were identified in the genome of A. solani HWC-168. The predicted secretome of A. solani HWC-168 possesses 261 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy), 119 proteins containing RxLx[EDQ] motif and 27 secreted proteins unique to A. solani. CONCLUSIONS Our findings will facilitate the identification of conidiation- and virulence-related genes in the genome of A. solani. This will permit new insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the A. solani-potato pathosystem and will add value to the global fungal genome database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Zhang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Jia-Yu He
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Parham Haddadi
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N0X2 Canada
| | - Jie-Hua Zhu
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Lisong Ma
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
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Yang R, Lv M, Xu H. Synthesis of Piperine Analogs Containing Isoxazoline/Pyrazoline Scaffold and Their Pesticidal Bioactivities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11254-11264. [PMID: 30295024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In continuation of our program to discover new potential pesticidal agents, thirty-one piperine analogs containing isoxazoline/pyrazoline scaffold were prepared, and confirmed by infrared spectra, proton/carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and high-resolution mass spectra. The structures of compounds VIIb and VIIIc were further determined by 1H-1H COSY spectra. Especially the configuration of compound VIIIc was unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their pesticidal activities were evaluated against three serious and typically crop-threatening agricultural pests, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval (spider mite), Mythimna separata Walker (Oriental armyworm), and Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (diamondback moth). Compounds VIIIb and VIIIc exhibited greater than 40-fold more potent acaricidal activity than the lead compound piperine against T. cinnabarinus. Notably, compounds VIa-c exhibited more pronounced oral toxicity against P. xylostella than toosendanin; compounds VIb and VIc displayed more promising growth inhibitory activity against M. separata than toosendanin. It demonstrated that the methylenedioxy and isoxazoline scaffolds were important for the oral toxicity and growth inhibitory activity against P. xylostella and M. separata, respectively; the ethylenedioxy and isoxazoline scaffolds were vital for the acaricidal activity against T. cinnabarinus. Moreover, compounds VIb, VIIf, and VIIIc showed very low toxicity against NRK-52E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruige Yang
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy/Plant Protection , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Min Lv
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy/Plant Protection , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy/Plant Protection , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , Shaanxi Province , China
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Lin Q, Dong L, Xu Y, Di G. Studies on effects of static electric field exposure on liver in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15507. [PMID: 30341322 PMCID: PMC6195622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of ultra-high-voltage direct-current transmission, the intensity of static electric field (SEF) under transmission lines increased, which has aroused public attention on its potential health effects. In order to examine effects of SEF exposure on liver, institute of cancer research mice were exposed to SEF with intensities of 27.5 kV/m, 34.7 kV/m and 56.3 kV/m, respectively. In each intensity of SEF exposure, a corresponding sham exposure group was used. Several indices relating to liver function (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA)) were tested after exposure of 7, 14, 21 and 35 days. Results showed that exposure to SEF with intensities of 27.5 kV/m and 34.7 kV/m for 35 days did not significantly influence any detected indices above. Under SEF exposure with intensity of 56.3 kV/m, the SOD activity in liver was significantly increased after exposure of 7 and 14 days. However, no significant increase was found in MDA content as well as the activities of AST and ALT between exposure group and sham exposure group during SEF exposure of 56.3 kV/m. It suggested that from three SEF intensities, only exposure to SEF with intensity of 56.3 kV/m (7 and 14 days) caused a temporary oxidative stress response in liver expressed by the increase in activity of SOD, but it did not produce oxidative damage. This biological effect may be related to the increase of mitochondrial membrane potential of hepatocytes caused by SEF exposure. When the membrane potential exceeds a threshold, Q cycle in mitochondria will be affected, which will result in an increase of superoxide anion concentration and ultimately an oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhao Lin
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Li Dong
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | | | - Guoqing Di
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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Czarnocka W, Karpiński S. Friend or foe? Reactive oxygen species production, scavenging and signaling in plant response to environmental stresses. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:4-20. [PMID: 29331649 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the natural environment, plants are exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stress conditions that trigger rapid changes in the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The production and scavenging of ROS is compartmentalized, which means that, depending on stimuli type, they can be generated and eliminated in different cellular compartments such as the apoplast, plasma membrane, chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. Although the accumulation of ROS is generally harmful to cells, ROS play an important role in signaling pathways that regulate acclimatory and defense responses in plants, such as systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, high accumulations of ROS can also trigger redox homeostasis disturbance which can lead to cell death, and in consequence, to a limitation in biomass and yield production. Different ROS have various half-lifetimes and degrees of reactivity toward molecular components such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Thus, they play different roles in intra- and extra-cellular signaling. Despite their possible damaging effect, ROS should mainly be considered as signaling molecules that regulate local and systemic acclimatory and defense responses. Over the past two decades it has been proven that ROS together with non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), hormones, Ca2+ waves, and electrical signals are the main players in SAA and SAR, two physiological processes essential for plant survival and productivity in unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) - National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland.
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Sperotto RA, Buffon G, Schwambach J, Ricachenevsky FK. Crops Responses to Mite Infestation: It's Time to Look at Plant Tolerance to Meet the Farmers' Needs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:556. [PMID: 29740472 PMCID: PMC5928466 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul A. Sperotto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley, Lajeado, Brazil
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, University of Taquari Valley, Lajeado, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Raul A. Sperotto
| | - Giseli Buffon
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Joséli Schwambach
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe K. Ricachenevsky
- Graduate Program in Agrobiology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Liang X, Chen Q, Lu H, Wu C, Lu F, Tang J. Increased activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enhance cassava resistance to Tetranychus urticae. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 71:195-209. [PMID: 28405840 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the function of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in cassava resistance to spider mites, we tested the changes of transcription levels and activities of these two protective enzymes in both cassava and Tetranychus urticae (=T. cinnabarinus) during the interaction. The results showed that after damage of the mite-susceptible cassava cultivar BRA900 by T. urticae for 1 and 8 days, the transcription levels of MePOD and MePPO and the activities of POD and PPO showed no significant difference compared with those in undamaged leaves. However, the corresponding transcription levels and activities in 1- and 8-day-damaged leaves of mite-resistant cassava cultivar C1115 increased to a significant level of approximately twofold. When T. urticae fed on BRA900 for 1 and 8 days, the transcription levels of TcPPO and TcPOD and the activities of PPO and POD showed no significant difference compared with those before feeding. However, the corresponding transcription levels and activities of these two protective enzymes in T. urticae feeding on C1115 significantly decreased by about half. This study preliminarily validates the function of POD and PPO in cassava resistance to T. urticae, and provides candidate gene resource for molecular breeding of spider mite-resistant cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
- Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Hui Lu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Chunling Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Jihong Tang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
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