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Han T, Xu Y, Sun L, Hashimoto M, Wei J. Microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1241-1248. [PMID: 37905870 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cellular senescence and chronic inflammation in response to aging are considered to be indicators of brain aging; they have a great impact on the aging process and are the main risk factors for neurodegeneration. Reviewing the microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases will help understand the importance of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the origin and function of microglia and focuses on the role of different states of the microglial response to aging and chronic inflammation on the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, and Parkinson's disease. This review also describes the potential benefits of treating neurodegenerative diseases by modulating changes in microglial states. Therefore, inducing a shift from the neurotoxic to neuroprotective microglial state in neurodegenerative diseases induced by aging and chronic inflammation holds promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Han
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Department of Basic Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
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2
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Duchateau L, Wawrzyniak N, Sleegers K. The ABC's of Alzheimer risk gene ABCA7. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3629-3648. [PMID: 38556850 PMCID: PMC11095487 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing problem worldwide. Since ABCA7's identification as a risk gene, it has been extensively researched for its role in the disease. We review its recently characterized structure and what the mechanistic insights teach us about its function. We furthermore provide an overview of identified ABCA7 mutations, their presence in different ancestries and protein domains and how they might cause AD. For ABCA7 PTC variants and a VNTR expansion, haploinsufficiency is proposed as the most likely mode-of-action, although splice events could further influence disease risk. Overall, the need to better understand expression of canonical ABCA7 and its isoforms in disease is indicated. Finally, ABCA7's potential functions in lipid metabolism, phagocytosis, amyloid deposition, and the interplay between these three, is described. To conclude, in this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion about the current knowledge on ABCA7 in AD, and what research questions remain. HIGHLIGHTS: Alzheimer's risk-increasing variants in ABCA7 can be found in up to 7% of AD patients. We review the recently characterized protein structure of ABCA7. We present latest insights in genetics, expression patterns, and functions of ABCA7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Duchateau
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease group, VIB‐UAntwerp Center for Molecular NeurologyWilrijkAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkAntwerpBelgium
| | - Nicole Wawrzyniak
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease group, VIB‐UAntwerp Center for Molecular NeurologyWilrijkAntwerpBelgium
- Chávez‐Gutiérrez Lab, VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease group, VIB‐UAntwerp Center for Molecular NeurologyWilrijkAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkAntwerpBelgium
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3
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Villa M, Wu J, Hansen S, Pahnke J. Emerging Role of ABC Transporters in Glia Cells in Health and Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2024; 13:740. [PMID: 38727275 PMCID: PMC11083179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role for the efflux of a wide range of substrates across different cellular membranes. In the central nervous system (CNS), ABC transporters have recently gathered significant attention due to their pivotal involvement in brain physiology and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glial cells are fundamental for normal CNS function and engage with several ABC transporters in different ways. Here, we specifically highlight ABC transporters involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis and their implications in its metabolic regulation. We also show new aspects related to ABC transporter function found in less recognized diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Understanding both their impact on the physiological regulation of the CNS and their roles in brain diseases holds promise for uncovering new therapeutic options. Further investigations and preclinical studies are warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between glial ABC transporters and physiological brain functions, potentially leading to effective therapeutic interventions also for rare CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villa
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jingyun Wu
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefanie Hansen
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine (INUM)/Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck (UzL) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia (LU), Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Tel Aviv IL-6997801, Israel
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4
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Butler CA, Mendoza Arvilla A, Milinkeviciute G, Da Cunha C, Kawauchi S, Rezaie N, Liang HY, Javonillo D, Thach A, Wang S, Collins S, Walker A, Shi KX, Neumann J, Gomez-Arboledas A, Henningfield CM, Hohsfield LA, Mapstone M, Tenner AJ, LaFerla FM, Mortazavi A, MacGregor GR, Green KN. The Abca7 V1613M variant reduces Aβ generation, plaque load, and neuronal damage. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38506634 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in ABCA7, a member of the ABC transporter superfamily, have been associated with increased risk for developing late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). METHODS CRISPR-Cas9 was used to generate an Abca7V1613M variant in mice, modeling the homologous human ABCA7V1599M variant, and extensive characterization was performed. RESULTS Abca7V1613M microglia show differential gene expression profiles upon lipopolysaccharide challenge and increased phagocytic capacity. Homozygous Abca7V1613M mice display elevated circulating cholesterol and altered brain lipid composition. When crossed with 5xFAD mice, homozygous Abca7V1613M mice display fewer Thioflavin S-positive plaques, decreased amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, and altered amyloid precursor protein processing and trafficking. They also exhibit reduced Aβ-associated inflammation, gliosis, and neuronal damage. DISCUSSION Overall, homozygosity for the Abca7V1613M variant influences phagocytosis, response to inflammation, lipid metabolism, Aβ pathology, and neuronal damage in mice. This variant may confer a gain of function and offer a protective effect against Alzheimer's disease-related pathology. HIGHLIGHTS ABCA7 recognized as a top 10 risk gene for developing Alzheimer's disease. Loss of function mutations result in increased risk for LOAD. V1613M variant reduces amyloid beta plaque burden in 5xFAD mice. V1613M variant modulates APP processing and trafficking in 5xFAD mice. V1613M variant reduces amyloid beta-associated damage in 5xFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Butler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Adrian Mendoza Arvilla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Giedre Milinkeviciute
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Celia Da Cunha
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shimako Kawauchi
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Narges Rezaie
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Heidi Y Liang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dominic Javonillo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Annie Thach
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shuling Wang
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sherilyn Collins
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Amber Walker
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kai-Xuan Shi
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Neumann
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Caden M Henningfield
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lindsay A Hohsfield
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Grant R MacGregor
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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5
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Tayran H, Yilmaz E, Bhattarai P, Min Y, Wang X, Ma Y, Nelson N, Kassara N, Cosacak MI, Dogru RM, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Reddy JS, Qiao M, Flaherty D, Teich AF, Gunasekaran TI, Yang Z, Tosto G, Vardarajan BN, İş Ö, Ertekin-Taner N, Mayeux R, Kizil C. ABCA7-dependent Neuropeptide-Y signalling is a resilience mechanism required for synaptic integrity in Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573893. [PMID: 38260408 PMCID: PMC10802315 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a complex challenge characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Genetic variations have emerged as crucial players in the etiology of AD, enabling hope for a better understanding of the disease mechanisms; yet the specific mechanism of action for those genetic variants remain uncertain. Animal models with reminiscent disease pathology could uncover previously uncharacterized roles of these genes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we generated a knockout model for abca7, orthologous to human ABCA7 - an established AD-risk gene. The abca7 +/- zebrafish showed reduced astroglial proliferation, synaptic density, and microglial abundance in response to amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42). Single-cell transcriptomics revealed abca7 -dependent neuronal and glial cellular crosstalk through neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling. The abca7 knockout reduced the expression of npy, bdnf and ngfra , which are required for synaptic integrity and astroglial proliferation. With clinical data in humans, we showed reduced NPY in AD correlates with elevated Braak stage, predicted regulatory interaction between NPY and BDNF , identified genetic variants in NPY associated with AD, found segregation of variants in ABCA7, BDNF and NGFR in AD families, and discovered epigenetic changes in the promoter regions of NPY, NGFR and BDNF in humans with specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCA7 . These results suggest that ABCA7-dependent NPY signaling is required for synaptic integrity, the impairment of which generates a risk factor for AD through compromised brain resilience. Abstract Figure
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6
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Lameris R, Shahine A, Veth M, Westerman B, Godfrey DI, Lutje Hulsik D, Brouwer P, Rossjohn J, de Gruijl TD, van der Vliet HJ. Enhanced CD1d phosphatidylserine presentation using a single-domain antibody promotes immunomodulatory CD1d-TIM-3 interactions. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007631. [PMID: 38040419 PMCID: PMC10693867 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD1d is a monomorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecule that presents lipid antigens to distinct T-cell subsets and can be expressed by various malignancies. Antibody-mediated targeting of CD1d on multiple myeloma cells was reported to induce apoptosis and could therefore constitute a novel therapeutic approach. METHODS To determine how a CD1d-specific single-domain antibody (VHH) enhances binding of the early apoptosis marker annexin V to CD1d+ tumor cells we use in vitro cell-based assays and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing, and to determine the structure of the VHH1D17-CD1d(endogenous lipid) complex we use X-ray crystallography. RESULTS Anti-CD1d VHH1D17 strongly enhances annexin V binding to CD1d+ tumor cells but this does not reflect induction of apoptosis. Instead, we show that VHH1D17 enhances presentation of phosphatidylserine (PS) in CD1d and that this is saposin dependent. The crystal structure of the VHH1D17-CD1d(endogenous lipid) complex demonstrates that VHH1D17 binds the A'-pocket of CD1d, leaving the lipid headgroup solvent exposed, and has an electro-negatively charged patch which could be involved in the enhanced PS presentation by CD1d. Presentation of PS in CD1d does not trigger phagocytosis but leads to greatly enhanced binding of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing molecules (TIM)-1 to TIM-3, TIM-4 and induces TIM-3 signaling. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal the existence of an immune modulatory CD1d(PS)-TIM axis with potentially unexpected implications for immune regulation in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland Lameris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Myrthe Veth
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Westerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LAVA Therapeutics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Balasubramanian A, Sundrud MS. ATP-dependent transporters: emerging players at the crossroads of immunity and metabolism. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286696. [PMID: 38022644 PMCID: PMC10644303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 50 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are encoded by mammalian genomes. These transporters are characterized by conserved nucleotide-binding and hydrolysis (i.e., ATPase) domains, and power directional transport of diverse substrate classes - ions, small molecule metabolites, xenobiotics, hydrophobic drugs, and even polypeptides - into or out of cells or subcellular organelles. Although immunological functions of ABC transporters are only beginning to be unraveled, emerging literature suggests these proteins have under-appreciated roles in the development and function of T lymphocytes, including many of the key effector, memory and regulatory subsets that arise during responses to infection, inflammation or cancers. One transporter in particular, MDR1 (Multidrug resistance-1; encoded by the ABCB1 locus in humans), has taken center stage as a novel player in immune regulation. Although MDR1 remains widely viewed as a simple drug efflux pump in tumor cells, recent evidence suggests that this transporter fills key endogenous roles in enforcing metabolic fitness of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells. Here, we summarize current understanding of the physiological functions of ABC transporters in immune regulation, with a focus on the anti-oxidant functions of MDR1 that may shape both the magnitude and repertoires of antigen-specific effector and memory T cell compartments. While much remains to be learned about the functions of ABC transporters in immunobiology, it is already clear that they represent fertile new ground, both for the definition of novel immunometabolic pathways, and for the discovery of new drug targets that could be leveraged to optimize immune responses to vaccines and cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Balasubramanian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Mark S. Sundrud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- Center for Digestive Health, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
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8
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Qian XH, Chen SY, Liu XL, Tang HD. ABCA7-Associated Clinical Features and Molecular Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5548-5556. [PMID: 37322288 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Genetic factors are thought to account for a large proportion of the overall AD phenotypes. ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) is one of the most important risk gene for AD. Multiple forms of ABCA7 variants significantly increase the risk of AD, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms, premature termination codon variants, missense variants, variable number tandem repeat, mutations, and alternative splicing. AD patients with ABCA7 variants usually exhibit typical clinical and pathological features of traditional AD with a wide age of onset range. ABCA7 variants can alter ABCA7 protein expression levels and protein structure to affect protein functions such as abnormal lipid metabolism, amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, and immune cell function. Specifically, ABCA7 deficiency can cause neuronal apoptosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress through the PERK/eIF2α pathway. Second, ABCA7 deficiency can increase Aβ production by upregulating the SREBP2/BACE1 pathway and promoting APP endocytosis. In addition, the ability of microglia to phagocytose and degrade Aβ is destroyed by ABCA7 deficiency, leading to reduced clearance of Aβ. Finally, disturbance of lipid metabolism may also be an important method by which ABCA7 variants influence the incidence rate of AD. In the future, more attention should be given to different ABCA7 variants and ABCA7 targeted therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hang Qian
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yue Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui-Dong Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Chen L, Wang Y, Hu Q, Liu Y, Qi X, Tang Z, Hu H, Lin N, Zeng S, Yu L. Unveiling tumor immune evasion mechanisms: abnormal expression of transporters on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225948. [PMID: 37545500 PMCID: PMC10401443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial driving factor for tumor progression and it can hinder the body's immune response by altering the metabolic activity of immune cells. Both tumor and immune cells maintain their proliferative characteristics and physiological functions through transporter-mediated regulation of nutrient acquisition and metabolite efflux. Transporters also play an important role in modulating immune responses in the TME. In this review, we outline the metabolic characteristics of the TME and systematically elaborate on the effects of abundant metabolites on immune cell function and transporter expression. We also discuss the mechanism of tumor immune escape due to transporter dysfunction. Finally, we introduce some transporter-targeted antitumor therapeutic strategies, with the aim of providing new insights into the development of antitumor drugs and rational drug usage for clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuchen Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihua Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Haihong Hu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nengming Lin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lushan Yu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Gupta S, Krishnakumar V, Soni N, Rao EP, Banerjee A, Mohanty S. Comparative proteomic profiling of Small Extracellular vesicles derived from iPSCs and tissue specific mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2022; 420:113354. [PMID: 36126717 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small Extracellular vesicles (EV) are emerging as crucial intercellular messengers that contribute to the physiological processes. EVs contain numerous functional proteins and nucleic acids derived from their parent cells and have different roles depending on their origin. Functionally, EVs transfer these biological materials from the parent cell to the recipient and thus exhibits a novel therapeutic platform for delivering therapeutics molecules to the target tissue. In this regard, EVs derived from stem cells such as Mesenchymal Stem Cells and iPSCs have demonstrated a higher ability to benefit regenerative medicine. Even though these stem cells share some common properties, due to the differences in their origin (cell sources, the hierarchy of potency, etc) the EVs cargo profiling and functionality may vary. METHOD We used iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis to conduct a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of EVs derived from iPSCs and various tissue-specific MSCs in this study. Additionally, the data was analyzed using a variety of bioinformatic tools, including ProteinPilot for peptide and protein identification and quantification; Funrich, GO, Reactome, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) for pathway enrichment; the STRING database, and the inBio Discover tool for identifying known and predicted Protein-Protein networks. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed 223 differentially expressed proteins in these EVs; however, Wharton's jelly MSC-EV contained more exclusive proteins with higher protein expression levels. Additionally, 113 proteins were abundant in MSC-EVs, while others were shared between MSC-EVs and iPSC-EVs. Further, based on an in-depth examination of the proteins, their associated pathways, and their interactions with other proteins, it was determined that these proteins are involved in bone regeneration (9.3%), wound healing (4.4%), immune regulation (8.9%), cardiac regeneration (6.6%), neuro regeneration (8.9%), and hepatic regeneration (3.5%). CONCLUSION Overall, the results of our proteomic analysis indicate that EVs derived from MSCs have a more robust profile of proteins with higher expression levels than iPSCs. This is a significant finding, as it demonstrates the critical therapeutic role of EVs in a variety of diseases, as demonstrated by enrichment analysis, their versatility, and broad application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Gupta
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishnu Krishnakumar
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naina Soni
- Department of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - E Pranshu Rao
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Department of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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11
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Bossaerts L, Cacace R, Van Broeckhoven C. The role of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:31. [PMID: 35477481 PMCID: PMC9044696 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, clinically characterized by memory deficits and progressive cognitive decline. Despite decades of research effective therapies are lacking, and a large part of the genetic heritability remains unidentified. ABCA7 and ABCA1, members of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A (ABCA), were identified as AD risk genes in genome-wide association studies. Nevertheless, genetic and/or functional studies propose a link between AD and two other members of the ABCA subclass, i.e., ABCA2 and ABCA5. Main body Changes in expression or dysfunction of these transporters were found to increase amyloid β levels. This might be related to the common role of ABCA transporters in cellular cholesterol homeostasis, for which a prominent role in AD development has been suggested. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion on the contribution of the ABCA subfamily to the etiopathogenesis of AD. Conclusions A better understanding of the function and identification of disease-associated genetic variants in ABCA transporters can contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liene Bossaerts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rita Cacace
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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12
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Stepler KE, Gillyard TR, Reed CB, Avery TM, Davis JS, Robinson RA. ABCA7, a Genetic Risk Factor Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Risk in African Americans. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:5-19. [PMID: 35034901 PMCID: PMC10984370 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
African American/Black adults are twice as likely to have Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to non-Hispanic White adults. Genetics partially contributes to this disparity in AD risk, among other factors, as there are several genetic variants associated with AD that are more prevalent in individuals of African or European ancestry. The phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA7 (ABCA7) gene has stronger associations with AD risk in individuals with African ancestry than in individuals with European ancestry. In fact, ABCA7 has been shown to have a stronger effect size than the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele in African American/Black adults. ABCA7 is a transmembrane protein involved in lipid homeostasis and phagocytosis. ABCA7 dysfunction is associated with increased amyloid-beta production, reduced amyloid-beta clearance, impaired microglial response to inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This review explores the impact of ABCA7 mutations that increase AD risk in African American/Black adults on ABCA7 structure and function and their contributions to AD pathogenesis. The combination of biochemical/biophysical and 'omics-based studies of these variants needed to elucidate their downstream impact and molecular contributions to AD pathogenesis is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taneisha R. Gillyard
- Meharry Medical College Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Calla B. Reed
- Vanderbilt University Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tyra M. Avery
- Fisk University Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamaine S. Davis
- Meharry Medical College Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Renã A.S. Robinson
- Vanderbilt University Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
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13
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Thurm C, Schraven B, Kahlfuss S. ABC Transporters in T Cell-Mediated Physiological and Pathological Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179186. [PMID: 34502100 PMCID: PMC8431589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent a heterogeneous group of ATP-dependent transport proteins, which facilitate the import and/or export of various substrates, including lipids, sugars, amino acids and peptides, ions, and drugs. ABC transporters are involved in a variety of physiological processes in different human tissues. More recent studies have demonstrated that ABC transporters also regulate the development and function of different T cell populations, such as thymocytes, Natural Killer T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD4+ T helper cells, including regulatory T cells. Here, we review the current knowledge on ABC transporters in these T cell populations by summarizing how ABC transporters regulate the function of the individual cell types and how this affects the immunity to viruses and tumors, and the course of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, we provide a perspective on how a better understanding of the function of ABC transporters in T cells might provide promising novel avenues for the therapy of autoimmunity and to improve immunity to infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Thurm
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (C.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (C.T.); (B.S.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (C.T.); (B.S.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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ABCA7 links sterol metabolism to the host defense system: Molecular background for potential management measure of Alzheimer's disease. Gene 2020; 768:145316. [PMID: 33221536 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A7 is a membrane protein that belongs to the large family of ABC transporters. It is 54% homologous in amino acid residue sequence to ABCA1 which mediates biogenesis of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) from cellular phospholipid and cholesterol with extracellular helical apolipoproteins such as apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. When transfected and expressed, ABCA7 also mediates generation of HDL-like particles but small and of less cholesterol content. However, endogenous ABCA7 is unlikely involved in HDL biogenesis and rather to regulate the host-defense system such as phagocytotic function of the cells. ABCA1 expression is regulated by cellular cholesterol levels, positively by the liver X receptor (LXR) in extrahepatic peripheral cells. However, it is modulated dually in the liver being relevant to transport of cholesterol for its catabolism; positively by LXR and negatively by sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) or hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α). In contrast, ABCA7 expression was shown to be regulated negatively by the SREBP system so that decrease of cell cholesterol enhances ABCA7 function such as cellular phagocytotic reaction, suggesting that it links cholesterol metabolism to the host defense system. The interest is being build up in ABCA7 as its genomic diversity has been found related to a risk for late-onset Alzheimer's diseases. More recent findings indicate that ABCA7 is involved in metabolism of amyloid β peptide including its phagocytotic clearance. Accordingly, modulation of ABCA7 activity by manipulating cholesterol metabolism may open a new path for management of Alzheimer's disease.
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15
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Discover novel disease-associated genes based on regulatory networks of long-range chromatin interactions. Methods 2020; 189:22-33. [PMID: 33096239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes and non-coding genetic variants that are genetically associated with complex diseases and the underlying mechanisms is one of the most important questions in functional genomics. Due to the limited statistical power and the lack of mechanistic modeling, traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is restricted to fully address this question. Based on multi-omics data integration, cell-type specific regulatory networks can be built to improve GWAS analysis. In this study, we developed a new computational infrastructure, APRIL, to incorporate 3D chromatin interactions into regulatory network construction, which can extend the networks to include long-range cis-regulatory links between non-coding GWAS SNPs and target genes. Combinatorial transcription factors that co-regulate groups of genes are also inferred to further expand the networks with trans-regulation. A suite of machine learning predictions and statistical tests are incorporated in APRIL to predict novel disease-associated genes based on the expanded regulatory networks. Important features of non-coding regulatory elements and genetic variants are prioritized in network-based predictions, providing systems-level insights on the mechanisms of transcriptional dysregulation associated with complex diseases.
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16
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Ye Z, Lu Y, Wu T. The impact of ATP-binding cassette transporters on metabolic diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 32774439 PMCID: PMC7398066 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, many people worldwide suffer from metabolic diseases caused by heredity and external factors, such as diet. One of the symptoms of metabolic diseases is abnormal lipid metabolism. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest transport protein superfamilies that exist in nearly all living organisms and are mainly located on lipid-processing cells. ABC transporters have been confirmed to be closely related to the pathogenesis of diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer and Alzheimer's disease based on their transport abilities. Notably, the capability to transport lipids makes ABC transporters critical in metabolic diseases. In addition, gene polymorphism in ABC transporters has been reported to be a risk factor for metabolic diseases, and it has been reported that relevant miRNAs have significant roles in regulating ABC transporters. In this review, we integrate recent studies to examine the roles of ABC transporters in metabolic diseases and aim to build a network with ABC transporters as the core, linking their transport abilities with metabolic and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Ye
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road 1200, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road 1200, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Tao Wu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road 1200, Shanghai, 201203 China
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17
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Wu A, Wojtowicz K, Savary S, Hamon Y, Trombik T. Do ABC transporters regulate plasma membrane organization? Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:37. [PMID: 32647530 PMCID: PMC7336681 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) spatiotemporal organization is one of the major factors controlling cell signaling and whole-cell homeostasis. The PM lipids, including cholesterol, determine the physicochemical properties of the membrane bilayer and thus play a crucial role in all membrane-dependent cellular processes. It is known that lipid content and distribution in the PM are not random, and their transversal and lateral organization is highly controlled. Mainly sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich lipid nanodomains, historically referred to as rafts, are extremely dynamic “hot spots” of the PM controlling the function of many cell surface proteins and receptors. In the first part of this review, we will focus on the recent advances of PM investigation and the current PM concept. In the second part, we will discuss the importance of several classes of ABC transporters whose substrates are lipids for the PM organization and dynamics. Finally, we will briefly present the significance of lipid ABC transporters for immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambroise Wu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Stephane Savary
- Lab. Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yannick Hamon
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Tomasz Trombik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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18
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Age-of-onset information helps identify 76 genetic variants associated with allergic disease. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008725. [PMID: 32603359 PMCID: PMC7367489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors that contribute to inter-individual differences in the age-of-onset of allergic diseases are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify genetic risk variants associated with the age at which symptoms of allergic disease first develop, considering information from asthma, hay fever and eczema. Self-reported age-of-onset information was available for 117,130 genotyped individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank study. For each individual, we identified the earliest age at which asthma, hay fever and/or eczema was first diagnosed and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of this combined age-of-onset phenotype. We identified 50 variants with a significant independent association (P<3x10-8) with age-of-onset. Forty-five variants had comparable effects on the onset of the three individual diseases and 38 were also associated with allergic disease case-control status in an independent study (n = 222,484). We observed a strong negative genetic correlation between age-of-onset and case-control status of allergic disease (rg = -0.63, P = 4.5x10-61), indicating that cases with early disease onset have a greater burden of allergy risk alleles than those with late disease onset. Subsequently, a multivariate GWAS of age-of-onset and case-control status identified a further 26 associations that were missed by the univariate analyses of age-of-onset or case-control status only. Collectively, of the 76 variants identified, 18 represent novel associations for allergic disease. We identified 81 likely target genes of the 76 associated variants based on information from expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and non-synonymous variants, of which we highlight ADAM15, FOSL2, TRIM8, BMPR2, CD200R1, PRKCQ, NOD2, SMAD4, ABCA7 and UBE2L3. Our results support the notion that early and late onset allergic disease have partly distinct genetic architectures, potentially explaining known differences in pathophysiology between individuals. So far, genetic studies of allergic disease have investigated the presence of the disease rather than the age at which the first allergic symptoms develop. We aimed to identify genetic risk variants associated with the age at which symptoms of allergic disease first develop, considering information from asthma, hay fever and eczema by examining 117,130 genotyped individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank study. We identified 50 variants with a significant independent association (P<3x10-8) with age-of-onset. Forty-five variants had comparable effects on the onset of the three individual diseases and 38 were also associated with allergic disease case-control status in an independent study (n = 222,484). We then performed a multivariate GWAS of age-of-onset and case-control status identified a further 26 associations that were missed by the univariate analyses of age-of-onset or case-control status only. 18 of 76 variants identified represent novel associations for allergic disease. We identified 81 likely target genes of the 76 genetic variants, including ADAM15, FOSL2, TRIM8, BMPR2, CD200R1, PRKCQ, NOD2, SMAD4, ABCA7 and UBE2L3. Our results support the notion that early and late onset allergic disease have partly distinct genetic architectures, potentially explaining known differences in pathophysiology between individuals.
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19
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Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors in fungi. These receptors have an important role in the transduction of extracellular signals into intracellular sites in response to diverse stimuli. They enable fungi to coordinate cell function and metabolism, thereby promoting their survival and propagation, and sense certain fundamentally conserved elements, such as nutrients, pheromones, and stress, for adaptation to their niches, environmental stresses, and host environment, causing disease and pathogen virulence. This chapter highlights the role of GPCRs in fungi in coordinating cell function and metabolism. Fungal cells sense the molecular interactions between extracellular signals. Their respective sensory systems are described here in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Department of Genetics Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- AgroBioSciences and Chemical & Biochemical Sciences Department, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
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20
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ABCA7 haplodeficiency disturbs microglial immune responses in the mouse brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23790-23796. [PMID: 31690660 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908529116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carrying premature termination codons in 1 allele of the ABCA7 gene is associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the primary function of ABCA7 is to regulate the transport of phospholipids and cholesterol, ABCA7 is also involved in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system. Since inflammatory pathways causatively or consequently participate in AD pathogenesis, we studied the effects of Abca7 haplodeficiency in mice on brain immune responses under acute and chronic conditions. When acute inflammation was induced through peripheral lipopolysaccharide injection in control or heterozygous Abca7 knockout mice, partial ABCA7 deficiency diminished proinflammatory responses by impairing CD14 expression in the brain. On breeding to App NL-G-F knockin mice, we observed increased amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and abnormal endosomal morphology in microglia. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ABCA7 loss of function may contribute to AD pathogenesis by altering proper microglial responses to acute inflammatory challenges and during the development of amyloid pathology, providing insight into disease mechanisms and possible treatment strategies.
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21
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Pasello M, Giudice AM, Scotlandi K. The ABC subfamily A transporters: Multifaceted players with incipient potentialities in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:57-71. [PMID: 31605751 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is a cause of drug resistance in a plethora of tumors. More recent evidence indicates additional contribution of these transporters to other processes, such as tumor cell dissemination and metastasis, thereby extending their possible roles in tumor progression. While the role of some ABC transporters, such as ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2, in multidrug resistance is well documented, the mechanisms by which ABC transporters affect the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of cancer cells are still poorly defined and are frequently controversial. This review, summarizes recent advances that highlight the role of subfamily A members in cancer. Emerging evidence highlights the potential value of ABCA members as biomarkers of risk and response in different tumors, but information is disperse and very little is known about their possible mechanisms of action. The only clear evidence is that ABCA members are involved in lipid metabolism and homeostasis. In particular, the relationship between ABCA1 and cholesterol is becoming evident in different fields of biology, including cancer. In parallel, emerging findings indicate that cholesterol, the main component of cell membranes, can influence many physiological and pathological processes, including cell migration, cancer progression and metastasis. This review aims to link the dispersed knowledge regarding the relationship of ABCA members with lipid metabolism and cancer in an effort to stimulate and guide readers to areas that the writers consider to have significant impact and relevant potentialities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pasello
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Giudice
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
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22
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De Roeck A, Van Broeckhoven C, Sleegers K. The role of ABCA7 in Alzheimer's disease: evidence from genomics, transcriptomics and methylomics. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:201-220. [PMID: 30903345 PMCID: PMC6660495 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) originally identified ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 7 (ABCA7), as a novel risk gene of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since then, accumulating evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and human-based studies has corroborated and extended this association, promoting ABCA7 as one of the most important risk genes of both early-onset and late-onset AD, harboring both common and rare risk variants with relatively large effect on AD risk. Within this review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the literature on ABCA7, with a focus on AD-related human -omics studies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, and methylomics). In European and African American populations, indirect ABCA7 GWAS associations are explained by expansion of an ABCA7 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), and a common premature termination codon (PTC) variant, respectively. Rare ABCA7 PTC variants are strongly enriched in AD patients, and some of these have displayed inheritance patterns resembling autosomal dominant AD. In addition, rare missense variants are more frequent in AD patients than healthy controls, whereas a common ABCA7 missense variant may protect from disease. Methylation at several CpG sites in the ABCA7 locus is significantly associated with AD. Furthermore, ABCA7 contains many different isoforms and ABCA7 splicing has been shown to associate with AD. Besides associations with disease status, these genetic and epigenetic ABCA7 markers also showed significant correlations with AD endophenotypes; in particular amyloid deposition and brain morphology. In conclusion, human-based –omics studies provide converging evidence of (partial) ABCA7 loss as an AD pathomechanism, and future studies should make clear if interventions on ABCA7 expression can serve as a valuable therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne De Roeck
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Verbeke R, Lentacker I, Breckpot K, Janssens J, Van Calenbergh S, De Smedt SC, Dewitte H. Broadening the Message: A Nanovaccine Co-loaded with Messenger RNA and α-GalCer Induces Antitumor Immunity through Conventional and Natural Killer T Cells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1655-1669. [PMID: 30742405 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA encoding tumor antigens has the potential to evoke effective antitumor immunity. This study reports on a nanoparticle platform, named mRNA Galsomes, that successfully co-delivers nucleoside-modified antigen-encoding mRNA and the glycolipid antigen and immunopotentiator α-galactosylceramide (α-GC) to antigen-presenting cells after intravenous administration. By co-formulating low doses of α-GC, mRNA Galsomes induce a pluripotent innate and adaptive tumor-specific immune response in mice, with invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) as a driving force. In comparison, mRNA Galsomes exhibit advantages over the state-of-the-art cancer vaccines using unmodified ovalbumin (OVA)-encoding mRNA, as we observed up to seven times more tumor-infiltrating antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, combined with a strong iNKT cell and NK cell activation. In addition, the presence of suppressive myeloid cells (myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages) in the tumor microenvironment was significantly lowered. Owing to these antitumor effects, OVA mRNA Galsomes significantly reduced tumor growth in established E.G7-OVA lymphoma, with a complete tumor rejection in 40% of the animals. Moreover, therapeutic vaccination with mRNA Galsomes enhanced the responsiveness to treatment with a PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor in B16-OVA melanoma, as evidenced by a synergistic reduction of tumor outgrowth and a significantly prolonged median survival. Taken together, these data show that intravenously administered mRNA Galsomes can provide controllable, multifaceted, and effective antitumor immunity, especially when combined with checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Jette 1090 , Belgium
| | - Jonas Janssens
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Heleen Dewitte
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Jette 1090 , Belgium
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24
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Shissler SC, Webb TJ. The ins and outs of type I iNKT cell development. Mol Immunol 2018; 105:116-130. [PMID: 30502719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that bridge the gap between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Like innate immune cells, they have a mature, effector phenotype that allows them to rapidly respond to threats, compared to adaptive cells. NKT cells express T cell receptors (TCRs) like conventional T cells, but instead of responding to peptide antigen presented by MHC class I or II, NKT cell TCRs recognize glycolipid antigen in the context of CD1d. NKT cells are subdivided into classes based on their TCR and antigen reactivity. This review will focus on type I iNKT cells that express a semi invariant Vα14Jα18 TCR and respond to the canonical glycolipid antigen, α-galactosylceramide. The innate-like effector functions of these cells combined with their T cell identity make their developmental path quite unique. In addition to the extrinsic factors that affect iNKT cell development such as lipid:CD1d complexes, co-stimulation, and cytokines, this review will provide a comprehensive delineation of the cell intrinsic factors that impact iNKT cell development, differentiation, and effector functions - including TCR rearrangement, survival and metabolism signaling, transcription factor expression, and gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah C Shissler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St. HSF-1 Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St. HSF-1 Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Mrp1 is involved in lipid presentation and iNKT cell activation by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4279. [PMID: 30323255 PMCID: PMC6189046 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are activated by lipid antigens presented by CD1d, but the pathway leading to lipid antigen presentation remains incompletely characterized. Here we show a whole-genome siRNA screen to elucidate the CD1d presentation pathway. A majority of gene knockdowns that diminish antigen presentation reduced formation of glycolipid-CD1d complexes on the cell surface, including members of the HOPS and ESCRT complexes, genes affecting cytoskeletal rearrangement, and ABC family transporters. We validated the role in vivo for the multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1) in CD1d antigen presentation. Mrp1 deficiency reduces surface clustering of CD1d, which decreased iNKT cell activation. Infected Mrp1 knockout mice show decreased iNKT cell responses to antigens from Streptococcus pneumoniae and were associated with increased mortality. Our results highlight the unique cellular events involved in lipid antigen presentation and show how modification of this pathway can lead to lethal infection. The CD1d pathway present lipid antigens resulting in the activation of iNKT cells but the complete pathway remains to be fully elucidated. Here, Chandra et al. use an siRNA screen and identify Mrp1 as crucial for CD1d lipid presentation and activation of iNKT in the context of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
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26
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Tau and neuroinflammation: What impact for Alzheimer's Disease and Tauopathies? Biomed J 2018; 41:21-33. [PMID: 29673549 PMCID: PMC6138617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia (60–80% of cases). In 2016, nearly 44 million people were affected by AD or related dementia. AD is characterized by progressive neuronal damages leading to subtle and latter obvious decline in cognitive functions including symptoms such as memory loss or confusion, which ultimately require full-time medical care. Its neuropathology is defined by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide into amyloid plaques, and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) consisting of aggregated hyper- and abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein. The latter, identified also as Tau pathology, is observed in a broad spectrum of neurological diseases commonly referred to as “Tauopathies”. Besides these lesions, sustained neuroinflammatory processes occur, involving notably micro- and astro-glial activation, which contribute to disease progression. Recent findings from genome wide association studies further support an instrumental role of neuroinflammation. While the interconnections existing between this innate immune response and the amyloid pathogenesis are widely characterized and described as complex, elaborated and evolving, only few studies focused on Tau pathology. An adaptive immune response takes place conjointly during the disease course, as indicated by the presence of vascular and parenchymal T-cell in AD patients' brain. The underlying mechanisms of this infiltration and its consequences with regards to Tau pathology remain understudied so far. In the present review, we highlight the interplays existing between Tau pathology and the innate/adaptive immune responses.
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27
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Aikawa T, Holm ML, Kanekiyo T. ABCA7 and Pathogenic Pathways of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E27. [PMID: 29401741 PMCID: PMC5836046 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) reporter family functions to regulate the homeostasis of phospholipids and cholesterol in the central nervous system, as well as peripheral tissues. ABCA7 belongs to the A subfamily of ABC transporters, which shares 54% sequence identity with ABCA1. While ABCA7 is expressed in a variety of tissues/organs, including the brain, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified ABCA7 gene variants as susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). More important, subsequent genome sequencing analyses have revealed that premature termination codon mutations in ABCA7 are associated with the increased risk for AD. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, where the accumulation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides cleaved from amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the brain trigger the pathogenic cascade of the disease. In consistence with human genetic studies, increasing evidence has demonstrated that ABCA7 deficiency exacerbates Aβ pathology using in vitro and in vivo models. While ABCA7 has been shown to mediate phagocytic activity in macrophages, ABCA7 is also involved in the microglial Aβ clearance pathway. Furthermore, ABCA7 deficiency results in accelerated Aβ production, likely by facilitating endocytosis and/or processing of APP. Taken together, current evidence suggests that ABCA7 loss-of-function contributes to AD-related phenotypes through multiple pathways. A better understanding of the function of ABCA7 beyond lipid metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions becomes increasingly important to explore AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Aikawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Marie-Louise Holm
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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