1
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Ng N, Gibriel HAY, Halang L, Jirström E, Ioana JA, Burke M, Byrne MM, Prehn JHM. tRNA-derived fragments are altered in diabetes. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15258. [PMID: 37935454 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) is a rare form of adult-onset diabetes that can be difficult to diagnose due to its variable clinical phenotype. Transfer RNA-derived small fragments are a novel, emerging class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that have significant potential as serum biomarkers due to their stress-induced generation, abundance, stability and ease of detection. METHODS We investigated the levels of tiRNA 5'ValCAC (alone and in combination with miR-23b-3p) identified from small RNA sequencing studies in serum samples from healthy controls, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and MIDD subjects. RESULTS Serum levels of 5'ValCAC were reduced in MIDD and type 2 diabetes subjects compared to controls. Type 2 diabetes subjects had higher serum levels of miR-23b-3p compared to all other subjects. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis showed the potential of 5'ValCAC and miR-23b-3p as MIDD biomarkers, with the combination showing excellent separation from type 2 diabetes subjects. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing altered serum levels of tiRNAs in diabetes subjects. The combined use of 5'ValCAC and miR-23b-3p as serum biomarkers could potentially differentiate between MIDD subjects and type 2 diabetes subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ng
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - H A Y Gibriel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - L Halang
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - E Jirström
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J A Ioana
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - M Burke
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - M M Byrne
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - J H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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2
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Shayota BJ. Biomarkers of mitochondrial disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00325. [PMID: 38295557 PMCID: PMC10903091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders with a wide range of clinical manifestations, most classically resulting in neurological, muscular, and metabolic abnormalities, but having the potential to affect any organ system. Over the years, substantial progress has been made in identifying and characterizing various biomarkers associated with mitochondrial diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mitochondrial biomarkers based on a literature review and discusses the evidence behind their use in clinical practice. A total of 13 biomarkers were thoroughly reviewed including lactate, pyruvate, lactate:pyruvate ratio, creatine kinase, creatine, amino acid profiles, glutathione, malondialdehyde, GDF-15, FGF-21, gelsolin, neurofilament light-chain, and circulating cell-free mtDNA. Most biomarkers had mixed findings depending on the study, especially when considering their utility for specific mitochondrial diseases versus mitochondrial conditions in general. However, in large biomarker comparison studies, GDF-15 followed by FGF-21, seem to have the greatest value though they are still not perfect. As such, additional studies are needed, especially in light of newer biomarkers that have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Understanding the landscape of biomarkers in mitochondrial diseases is crucial for advancing early detection, improving patient management, and developing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Shayota
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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3
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Kobayashi A, Takeiwa T, Ikeda K, Inoue S. Roles of Noncoding RNAs in Regulation of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119414. [PMID: 37298366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) plays an essential role in energy production by inducing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to drive numerous biochemical processes in eukaryotic cells. Disorders of ETC and OXPHOS systems are associated with mitochondria- and metabolism-related diseases, including cancers; thus, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ETC and OXPHOS systems is required. Recent studies have indicated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play key roles in mitochondrial functions; in particular, some ncRNAs have been shown to modulate ETC and OXPHOS systems. In this review, we introduce the emerging roles of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), transfer-RNA-derived fragments (tRFs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), in the mitochondrial ETC and OXPHOS regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takeiwa
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka 350-1241, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
- Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka 350-1241, Japan
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4
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Paredes-Fuentes AJ, Oliva C, Urreizti R, Yubero D, Artuch R. Laboratory testing for mitochondrial diseases: biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:270-289. [PMID: 36694353 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2166013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The currently available biomarkers generally lack the specificity and sensitivity needed for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with mitochondrial diseases (MDs). In this group of rare genetic disorders (mutations in approximately 350 genes associated with MDs), all clinical presentations, ages of disease onset and inheritance types are possible. Blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid surrogates are well-established biomarkers that are used in clinical practice to assess MD. One of the main challenges is validating specific and sensitive biomarkers for the diagnosis of disease and prediction of disease progression. Profiling of lactate, amino acids, organic acids, and acylcarnitine species is routinely conducted to assess MD patients. New biomarkers, including some proteins and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA, with increased diagnostic specificity have been identified in the last decade and have been proposed as potentially useful in the assessment of clinical outcomes. Despite these advances, even these new biomarkers are not sufficiently specific and sensitive to assess MD progression, and new biomarkers that indicate MD progression are urgently needed to monitor the success of novel therapeutic strategies. In this report, we review the mitochondrial biomarkers that are currently analyzed in clinical laboratories, new biomarkers, an overview of the most common laboratory diagnostic techniques, and future directions regarding targeted versus untargeted metabolomic and genomic approaches in the clinical laboratory setting. Brief descriptions of the current methodologies are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J Paredes-Fuentes
- Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Oliva
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Urreizti
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Delia Yubero
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine-IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Non-coding RNAs in human health and disease: potential function as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:33. [PMID: 36625940 PMCID: PMC9838419 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human diseases have been a critical threat from the beginning of human history. Knowing the origin, course of action and treatment of any disease state is essential. A microscopic approach to the molecular field is a more coherent and accurate way to explore the mechanism, progression, and therapy with the introduction and evolution of technology than a macroscopic approach. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play increasingly important roles in detecting, developing, and treating all abnormalities related to physiology, pathology, genetics, epigenetics, cancer, and developmental diseases. Noncoding RNAs are becoming increasingly crucial as powerful, multipurpose regulators of all biological processes. Parallel to this, a rising amount of scientific information has revealed links between abnormal noncoding RNA expression and human disorders. Numerous non-coding transcripts with unknown functions have been found in addition to advancements in RNA-sequencing methods. Non-coding linear RNAs come in a variety of forms, including circular RNAs with a continuous closed loop (circRNA), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), and microRNAs (miRNA). This comprises specific information on their biogenesis, mode of action, physiological function, and significance concerning disease (such as cancer or cardiovascular diseases and others). This study review focuses on non-coding RNA as specific biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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6
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Meseguer S, Rubio MP. mt tRFs, New Players in MELAS Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:800171. [PMID: 35273517 PMCID: PMC8902416 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.800171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) is an OXPHOS disease mostly caused by the m.3243A>G mutation in the mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene. Recently, we have shown that the mutation significantly changes the expression pattern of several mitochondrial tRNA-derived small RNAs (mt tsRNAs or mt tRFs) in a cybrid model of MELAS and in fibroblasts from MELAS patients versus control cells. Among them are those derived from mt tRNA LeuUUR containing or not the m.3243A>G mutation (mt 5′-tRF LeuUUR-m.3243A>G and mt 5′-tRF LeuUUR), whose expression levels are, respectively, increased and decreased in both MELAS cybrids and fibroblasts. Here, we asked whether mt 5′-tRF LeuUUR and mt 5′-tRF LeuUUR-m.3243A>G are biologically relevant and whether these mt tRFs are detected in diverse patient samples. Treatment with a mimic oligonucleotide of mt tRNA LeuUUR fragment (mt 5′-tRF LeuUUR) showed a therapeutic potential since it partially restored mitochondrial respiration in MELAS cybrids. Moreover, these mt tRFs could be detected in biofluids like urine and blood. We also investigated the participation of miRNA pathway components Dicer and Ago2 in the mt tRFs biogenesis process. We found that Dicer and Ago2 localize in the mitochondria of MELAS cybrids and that immunoprecipitation of these proteins in cytoplasm and mitochondria fractions revealed an increased mt tRF/mt tRNA ratio in MELAS condition compared to WT. These preliminary results suggest an involvement of Dicer and Ago2 in the mechanism of mt tRF biogenesis and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Meseguer
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari-Paz Rubio
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
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7
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Choi G, Jeon J, Lee H, Zhou S, Lee YH. Genome-wide profiling of long non-coding RNA of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae during infection. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:132. [PMID: 35168559 PMCID: PMC8845233 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in developmental processes and disease development at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels across diverse taxa. However, only few studies have profiled fungal lncRNAs in a genome-wide manner during host infection. Results Infection-associated lncRNAs were identified using lncRNA profiling over six stages of host infection (e.g., vegetative growth, pre-penetration, biotrophic, and necrotrophic stages) in the model pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. We identified 2,601 novel lncRNAs, including 1,286 antisense lncRNAs and 980 intergenic lncRNAs. Among the identified lncRNAs, 755 were expressed in a stage-specific manner and 560 were infection-specifically expressed lncRNAs (ISELs). To decipher the potential roles of lncRNAs during infection, we identified 365 protein-coding genes that were associated with 214 ISELs. Analysis of the predicted functions of these associated genes suggested that lncRNAs regulate pathogenesis-related genes, including xylanases and effectors. Conclusions The ISELs and their associated genes provide a comprehensive view of lncRNAs during fungal pathogen-plant interactions. This study expands new insights into the role of lncRNAs in the rice blast fungus, as well as other plant pathogenic fungi. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08380-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobong Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jongbum Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunjun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Shenxian Zhou
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Center for Plant Microbiome Research, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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8
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Long Noncoding RNAs: Recent Insights into Their Role in Male Infertility and Their Potential as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413579. [PMID: 34948376 PMCID: PMC8708977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are composed of nucleotides located in the nucleus and cytoplasm; these are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and are greater than 200 nt in length. LncRNAs fulfill important functions in a variety of biological processes, including genome imprinting, cell differentiation, apoptosis, stem cell pluripotency, X chromosome inactivation and nuclear transport. As high throughput sequencing technology develops, a substantial number of lncRNAs have been found to be related to a variety of biological processes, such as development of the testes, maintaining the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells, and regulating spermatocyte meiosis. These indicate that lncRNAs can be used as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for male infertility. However, only a few comprehensive reviews have described the role of lncRNAs in male reproduction. In this paper, we summarize recent findings relating to the role of lncRNAs in spermatogenesis, their potential as biomarkers for male infertility and the relationship between reproductive arrest and transgenerational effects. Finally, we suggest specific targets for the treatment of male infertility from the perspective of lncRNAs.
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9
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Blood biomarkers for assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction: An expert review. Mitochondrion 2021; 62:187-204. [PMID: 34740866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although mitochondrial dysfunction is the known cause of primary mitochondrial disease, mitochondrial dysfunction is often difficult to measure and prove, especially when biopsies of affected tissue are not available. In order to identify blood biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction, we reviewed studies that measured blood biomarkers in genetically, clinically or biochemically confirmed primary mitochondrial disease patients. In this way, we were certain that there was an underlying mitochondrial dysfunction which could validate the biomarker. We found biomarkers of three classes: 1) functional markers measured in blood cells, 2) biochemical markers of serum/plasma and 3) DNA markers. While none of the reviewed single biomarkers may perfectly reveal all underlying mitochondrial dysfunction, combining biomarkers that cover different aspects of mitochondrial impairment probably is a good strategy. This biomarker panel may assist in the diagnosis of primary mitochondrial disease patients. As mitochondrial dysfunction may also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of multifactorial disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma, the panel may serve to assess mitochondrial dysfunction in complex multifactorial diseases as well and enable selection of patients who could benefit from therapies targeting mitochondria.
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10
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Meseguer S. MicroRNAs and tRNA-Derived Small Fragments: Key Messengers in Nuclear-Mitochondrial Communication. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:643575. [PMID: 34026824 PMCID: PMC8138316 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.643575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are not only important as energy suppliers in cells but also participate in other biological processes essential for cell growth and survival. They arose from α-proteobacterial predecessors through endosymbiosis and evolved transferring a large part of their genome to the host cell nucleus. Such a symbiotic relationship has been reinforced over time through increasingly complex signaling mechanisms between the host cell and mitochondria. So far, we do not have a complete view of the mechanisms that allow the mitochondria to communicate their functional status to the nucleus and trigger adaptive and compensatory responses. Recent findings place two classes of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and tRNA-derived small fragments, in such a scenario, acting as key pieces in the mitochondria-nucleus cross-talk. This review highlights the emerging roles and the interrelation of these sncRNAs in different signaling pathways between mitochondria and the host cell. Moreover, we describe in what way alterations of these complex regulatory mechanisms involving sncRNAs lead to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. In turn, these discoveries provide novel prognostic biomarker candidates and/or potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Meseguer
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
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11
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Zhu Y, Sun J, Yan M, Lian S, Hu B, Lv S, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yan X. The biological characteristics of the canine adenovirus type 1 from fox and the transcriptome analysis of the infected MDCK cell. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:936-947. [PMID: 33382191 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is the etiologic agent of fox encephalitis, and a virus strain from fox encephalitis is isolated and related research are conducted. In this experiment, the results showed that the F1301 strain was confirmed to be the CAdV-1. The whole genome of the CAdV-1 F1301 strain isolated from fox was 30,535 bp and had higher homology to the other reported CAdV-1 strains. After 0, 12, and 36 h of CAdV-1 infection, the difference gene of the 592 long noncoding RNA and 11,215 microRNA were involved in cell responses to CAdV-1 infection through the PI3K-AKT, Wnt, Herpes simplex, hepatitis C, and Epstein-Barr virus infection pathway in Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line (MDCK). The results indicate that the biological characterization of the CAdV-1 and the MDCK cell-CAdV-1 interaction are clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Minghao Yan
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yali Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xijun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Sinovet Biopharm. Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China
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12
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Gul M, Azari Jafari A, Shah M, Mirmoeeni S, Haider SU, Moinuddin S, Chaudhry A. Molecular Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Related Disorders: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6020. [PMID: 32825639 PMCID: PMC7547375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) which can lead to severe disability. Several diseases can mimic the clinical manifestations of MS. This can often lead to a prolonged period that involves numerous tests and investigations before a definitive diagnosis is reached. As well as the possibility of misdiagnosis. Molecular biomarkers can play a unique role in this regard. Molecular biomarkers offer a unique view into the CNS disorders. They help us understand the pathophysiology of disease as well as guiding our diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic approaches in CNS disorders. This review highlights the most prominent molecular biomarkers found in the literature with respect to MS and its related disorders. Based on numerous recent clinical and experimental studies, we demonstrate that several molecular biomarkers could very well aid us in differentiating MS from its related disorders. The implications of this work will hopefully serve clinicians and researchers alike, who regularly deal with MS and its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gul
- Precision Rheumatology INC, 2050 South Euclid Street, Anaheim, CA 92802, USA
| | - Amirhossein Azari Jafari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud 3614773947, Iran; (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Muffaqam Shah
- Deccan College of Medical Sciences, P.O. Kanchanbagh, DMRL ‘X’ Road, Santhosh Nagar, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana State, India;
| | - Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud 3614773947, Iran; (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Safee Ullah Haider
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical College, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sadia Moinuddin
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Antonio Regional Medical Center, 999 San Bernardino Rd, Upland, CA 91786, USA;
| | - Ammar Chaudhry
- Department of Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
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13
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Ala U. Competing Endogenous RNAs, Non-Coding RNAs and Diseases: An Intertwined Story. Cells 2020; 9:E1574. [PMID: 32605220 PMCID: PMC7407898 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, are responsible for RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They can mediate a fine-tuned crosstalk among coding and non-coding RNA molecules sharing miRNA response elements (MREs). In a suitable environment, both coding and non-coding RNA molecules can be targeted by the same miRNAs and can indirectly regulate each other by competing for them. These RNAs, otherwise known as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), lead to an additional post-transcriptional regulatory layer, where non-coding RNAs can find new significance. The miRNA-mediated interplay among different types of RNA molecules has been observed in many different contexts. The analyses of ceRNA networks in cancer and other pathologies, as well as in other physiological conditions, provide new opportunities for interpreting omics data for the field of personalized medicine. The development of novel computational tools, providing putative predictions of ceRNA interactions, is a rapidly growing field of interest. In this review, I discuss and present the current knowledge of the ceRNA mechanism and its implications in a broad spectrum of different pathologies, such as cardiovascular or autoimmune diseases, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
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14
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Chen Y, Li H, Ding T, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang X, Chong T, Long Y, Li X, Gao F, Lyu X. Lnc-M2 controls M2 macrophage differentiation via the PKA/CREB pathway. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:142-152. [PMID: 32563859 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an indispensable role in the process of M1 macrophage via regulating the development of macrophages and their responses to bacterial pathogens and viral infections. However, there are few studies on the lncRNA-mediated functions and regulatory mechanisms of M2 macrophage polarization. In this study, we found a number of differentially expressed lncRNAs between human monocyte derived M0 and M2 macrophages according to array analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) validation. The lncRNA RP11-389C8.2 (we named lnc-M2 in this study) was observed to be highly expressed in M2 macrophages. In Situ Localization and Quantification Analysis showed that lnc-M2 was expressed in the nucleus and cytosolic compartments of M2 macrophages. Notably, lnc-M2 knockdown enhanced the phagocytic ability of M2 macrophages. Ulteriorly, the results of RNA-Protein interaction experiments indicated that protein kinase A (PKA) was a lnc-M2 associated RNA-binding protein (RBP). Western blot showed that phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB), a well-known key downstream transcription factor of PKA, was lowly phosphorylated in lnc-M2-silencing M2 macrophages. Furthermore, we found that transcriptional factor Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3 (STAT3) promoted lnc-M2 transcription along with the up-regulation of epigenetic histone modification markers at the lnc-M2 promoter locus, indicating that STAT3 activated lnc-M2 and eventually facilitated the process of M2 macrophage differentiation via the PKA/CREB pathway. Collectively, our date provide evidence that the transcription factor STAT3 can promote the transcription of lnc-M2 and facilitated the process of M2 macrophage differentiation via the PKA/CREB pathway. This study highlights a novel mechanism underlying the M2 macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhao Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tengteng Ding
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinbang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Yuanbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tuotuo Chong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufei Long
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Gastroenterology Research Unit, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Liu H, Ren G, Chen H, Liu Q, Yang Y, Zhao Q. Predicting lncRNA–miRNA interactions based on logistic matrix factorization with neighborhood regularized. Knowl Based Syst 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2019.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Tian F, Wang J, Zhang Z, Yang J. LncRNA SNHG7/miR-34a-5p/SYVN1 axis plays a vital role in proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy in osteoarthritis. Biol Res 2020; 53:9. [PMID: 32066502 PMCID: PMC7027214 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common rheumatic diseases of which clinical symptoms includes swelling, synovitis and inflammatory pain, affect patients' daily life. It was reported that non-coding RNAs play vital roles in OA. However, the regulation mechanism of ncRNA in OA pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The expression of SNHG7, miR-34a-5p and SYVN1 was detected using qRT-PCR in tissues, serum and cells. The protein expression of SYVN1, PCNA, cleavage-caspase 3, beclin1 and LC3 were measured using western blot. The RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pulldown, and luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the relationship between SNHG7, miR-34a-5p and SYVN1. The MTT and flow cytometry assay was performed to detected cell proliferation and cell apoptosis respectively. RESULTS In this study, SNHG7 and SYVN1 expression were down-regulated, but miR-34a-5p was up-regulated in OA tissues and IL-1β treated cells compared with normal tissues and chondrocyte. Functional investigation revealed that up-regulated SNHG7 or down-regulated miR-34a-5p could promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis and autophagy in OA cells. More than that, RIP, pulldown and luciferase reporter assay was applied to determine that miR-34a-5p was a target miRNA of SNHG7 and SYVN1 was a target mRNA of miR-34-5p. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of miR-34a reversed high expression of SNHG7-mediated suppression of apoptosis and autophagy as well as promotion of proliferation, while its knockdown inhibited cell apoptosis and autophagy and promoted cell proliferation which could be impaired by silencing SYVN1. In addition, SNHG7 regulated SYVN1 through sponging miR-34a-5p. CONCLUSION SNHG7 sponged miR-34a-5p to affect cell proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy through targeting SYVN1 which provides a novel sight into the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 East Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhu Wang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 East Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhanhua Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 East Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
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Kolovou G, Cokkinos P, Bilianou H, Kolovou V, Katsiki N, Mavrogeni S. Non-traumatic and non-drug-induced rhabdomyolysis. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis 2019; 4:e252-e263. [PMID: 32368681 PMCID: PMC7191942 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2019.90152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis (RM), a fortunately rare disease of the striated muscle cells, is a complication of non-traumatic (congenital (glycogen storage disease, discrete mitochondrial myopathies and various muscular dystrophies) or acquired (alcoholic myopathy, systemic diseases, arterial occlusion, viral illness or bacterial sepsis)) and traumatic conditions. Additionally, RM can occur in some individuals under specific circumstances such as toxic substance use and illicit drug abuse. Lipid-lowering drugs in particular are capable of causing RM. This comprehensive review will focus on non-traumatic and non-drug-induced RM. Moreover, the pathology of RM, its clinical manifestation and biochemical effects, and finally its management will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa Kolovou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Philip Cokkinos
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vana Kolovou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology-Metabolism, Diabetes Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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18
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Chen S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xue Z. LncRNA CCAT1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis Via A miR-181b-5p/TUSC3 Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9215-9225. [PMID: 31807005 PMCID: PMC6842281 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s216718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim was to determine the function and molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA colon cancer associated transcript-1(lncRNA CCAT1) in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS CCAT1 mRNA expression levels were determined in CRC tissues and cells using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were used to examine the effects of CCAT1 on the proliferation of CRC cells. Luciferase reporter gene analysis was used to confirm the target gene of microRNA-181b-5p (miR-181b-5p) in CRC cells. Tumor xenografts were subsequently used to investigate the role of CCAT1 in CRC growth in vivo. RESULTS The relative mRNA expression levels of CCAT1 were significantly higher in CRC tissues and cell lines compared with the normal tissues or cells. CCAT1 knockdown significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-181b-5p was a direct target of CCAT1, and the expression of miR-181b-5p was negatively correlated with the expression of CCAT1 in CRC tissues. Furthermore, CCAT1 positively regulated the level of tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) by competing with miR-181b-5p in CRC cells. CONCLUSION These data suggested that lncRNA CCAT1 promoted colorectal cancer tumorigenesis via a miR-181b-5p/TUSC3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | | | | | - Zhaoping Xue
- Anaesthesia Wake Room, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130021, People’s Republic of China
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Liao J, Wang J, Liu Y, Li J, Duan L. Transcriptome sequencing of lncRNA, miRNA, mRNA and interaction network constructing in coronary heart disease. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:124. [PMID: 31443660 PMCID: PMC6708182 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-coding RNA has been shown to participate in numerous biological and pathological processes and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Recent studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNA and micro RNA can interact through various mechanisms to regulate mRNA. Yet the gene-gene interaction has not been investigated in coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS High throughput sequencing were used to identify differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA profiles between CHD and healthy control. Gene Oncology (GO), KEGG enrichment analysis were performed. Gene-gene interaction network were constructed and pivotal genes were screened out. Lentivirus-induced shRNA infection and qRT-PCR were performed to validated the gene-gene interactions. RESULTS A total of 62 lncRNAs, 332 miRNAs and 366 mRNAs were differentially expressed between CHD and healthy control. GO and KEGG analysis show that immune related molecular mechanisms and biological processes play a role in CHD. The gene-gene interaction network were constructed and visualized based on Pearson correlation coefficients and starBase database. 6 miRNAs in the network were significantly correlated to left ventricular ejection fraction, total choleterol and homocysteine. 2 lncRNAs (CTA-384D8.35 and CTB-114C7.4 (refseq entry LOC100128059)), 1 miRNA (miR-4497), and 1 mRNA (NR4A1) were the pivotal genes. Lentivirus-induced shRNA infection and qRT-PCR had validated the pivotal gene-gene interactions. CONCLUSIONS These results have shown the potential of lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA as clinical biomarkers and in elucidating pathological mechanisms of CHD from a transcriptomic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangquan Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Finotti A, Fabbri E, Lampronti I, Gasparello J, Borgatti M, Gambari R. MicroRNAs and Long Non-coding RNAs in Genetic Diseases. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:155-171. [PMID: 30610665 PMCID: PMC6469593 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery and classification of non-coding RNAs, their roles have gained great attention. In this respect, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs have been firmly demonstrated to be linked to regulation of gene expression and onset of human diseases, including rare genetic diseases; therefore they are suitable targets for therapeutic intervention. This issue, in the context of rare genetic diseases, is being considered by an increasing number of research groups and is of key interest to the health community. In the case of rare genetic diseases, the possibility of developing personalized therapy in precision medicine has attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians involved in developing "orphan medicinal products" and proposing these to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Office of Orphan Products Development (OOPD) in the United States. The major focuses of these activities are the evaluation and development of products (drugs, biologics, devices, or medical foods) considered to be promising for diagnosis and/or treatment of rare diseases or conditions, including rare genetic diseases. In an increasing number of rare genetic diseases, analysis of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs has been proven a promising strategy. These diseases include, but are not limited to, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, Rett syndrome, and β-thalassemia. In conclusion, a large number of approaches based on targeting microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are expected in the field of molecular diagnosis and therapy, with a facilitated technological transfer in the case of rare genetic diseases, in virtue of the existing regulation concerning these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara n.74, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrica Fabbri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara n.74, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara n.74, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara n.74, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara n.74, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara n.74, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Khasanova LT, Stakhovskaya LV, Koltsova EA, Shamalov NA. [Genetic characteristics of stroke]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:65-72. [PMID: 32207720 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911912265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years there is a growing interest in identification of additional genetic factors of stroke. A growing body of evidence supports the role of genetic factors in determining the risk of both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. The article considers the main genes associated with susceptibility to stroke and genetic polymorphisms associated with the disease. Genetic factors, modulating inflammation process, coagulation, lipid metabolism, NO formation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and homeostasis play a significant role in stroke development. A comprehensive analysis of different genes associated with stroke may help to detect individuals with extremely high risk of stroke and implement timely preventive measures to decrease stroke burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Khasanova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Stakhovskaya
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Koltsova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Shamalov
- Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Dhanoa JK, Sethi RS, Verma R, Arora JS, Mukhopadhyay CS. Long non-coding RNA: its evolutionary relics and biological implications in mammals: a review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 60:25. [PMID: 30386629 PMCID: PMC6201556 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-018-0183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The central dogma of gene expression propounds that DNA is transcribed to mRNA and finally gets translated into protein. Only 2–3% of the genomic DNA is transcribed to protein-coding mRNA. Interestingly, only a further minuscule part of genomic DNA encodes for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which are characteristically more than 200 nucleotides long and can be transcribed from both protein-coding (e.g. H19 and TUG1) as well as non-coding DNA by RNA polymerase II. The lncRNAs do not have open reading frames (with some exceptions), 3`-untranslated regions (3’-UTRs) and necessarily these RNAs lack any translation-termination regions, however, these can be spliced, capped and polyadenylated as mRNA molecules. The flexibility of lncRNAs confers them specific 3D-conformations that eventually enable the lncRNAs to interact with proteins, DNA or other RNA molecules via base pairing or by forming networks. The lncRNAs play a major role in gene regulation, cell differentiation, cancer cell invasion and metastasis and chromatin remodeling. Deregulation of lncRNA is also responsible for numerous diseases in mammals. Various studies have revealed their significance as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis of cancer. The aim of this review is to overview the salient features, evolution, biogenesis and biological importance of these molecules in the mammalian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep Kaur Dhanoa
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Ram Saran Sethi
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Ramneek Verma
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Jaspreet Singh Arora
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mukhopadhyay
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
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Epigenetic regulation of MAGE family in human cancer progression-DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:115. [PMID: 30185218 PMCID: PMC6126015 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) proteins are a group of highly conserved family members that contain a common MAGE homology domain. Type I MAGEs are relevant cancer-testis antigens (CTAs), and originally considered as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy due to their typically high expression in tumor tissues but restricted expression in normal adult tissues. Here, we reviewed the recent discoveries and ideas that illustrate the biological functions of MAGE family in cancer progression. Furthermore, we also highlighted the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanism of MAGE family expression in human cancers.
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Li Y, Lv M, Song Z, Lou Z, Wang R, Zhuang M. Long non-coding RNA NNT-AS1 affects progression of breast cancer through miR-142-3p/ZEB1 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:939-946. [PMID: 29710510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidences have been provided to verify the effects of lncRNA NNT-AS1 on cancer progression. However, the crucial impacts of NNT-AS1 on the malignancy of breast cancer have not been elaborated. This study aims to detect the expression pattern and functional effects of NNT-AS1 in breast cancer. qRT-PCR analysis was applied to detect the expression of NNT-AS1 in both BC tissues and matched normal tissues. Loss of function assay was carried out to detect the effects of silenced NNT-AS1 on proliferation, metastasis and EMT process of BC cells. To understand the functional mechanism of NNT-AS1, mechanism assays were designed and performed in BC cells. Subcellular fractionation assay demonstrated that NNT-AS1 was located in the cytoplasm of BC cells. Therefore, NNT-AS1 might exert ceRNA functions in BC cells. To validate this hypothesis, we found the combination between NNT-AS1 and miR-142-3p through conducting bioinformatics analysis, RIP and luciferase reporter assays. Similarly, the combination between miR-142-3p and ZEB1 was verified. Finally, the recue assays were carried out to demonstrate the effects of NNT-AS1/miR-142-3p/ZEB1 axis on the biological behaviors of BC cells. All the above findings revealed a fact that NNT-AS1 affects breast cancer progression through modulating miR-142-3p/ZEB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China.
| | - Min Lv
- Department of Scientific Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ziyan Song
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China
| | - Zhi Lou
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China
| | - Min Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China.
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25
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Sun C, Huang L, Li Z, Leng K, Xu Y, Jiang X, Cui Y. Long non-coding RNA MIAT in development and disease: a new player in an old game. J Biomed Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534728 PMCID: PMC5851271 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are a portion of non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have manifested a paramount role in the pathophysiology of human diseases, particularly in pathogenesis and progression of disease. Main body of the abstract Myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT), which was recently found to demonstrate aberrant expression in various diseases, such as myocardial infarction, schizophrenia, ischemic stroke, diabetic complications, age-related cataract and cancers, is a novel disease-related lncRNA. This work summarize current evidence regarding the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA MIAT during disease development. Short conclusion LncRNA MIAT likely represents a feasible cancer biomarker or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lining Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kaiming Leng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xingming Jiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 XueFu Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Zhao L, Kong H, Sun H, Chen Z, Chen B, Zhou M. LncRNA-PVT1 promotes pancreatic cancer cells proliferation and migration through acting as a molecular sponge to regulate miR-448. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4044-4055. [PMID: 28657147 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in diverse biological process has currently developed rapidly. LncRNA-PVT1, located adjacent to the MYC locus on chromosomal region 8q24, has been reported to be associated with many biological processes. However, the function and mechanism of PVT1 in pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is poorly understood. In this present study, we first measured the level of PVT1 in the PC cell lines and tissues by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and then employed loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches to explore the association between PVT1 expression levels and PC cell proliferation/migration ability. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was utilized to show that PVT1 contains binding site for miR-448 and an inverse correlation between PVT1 and miR-448 was obtained in PC specimens. Additionally, dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and applied biotin-avidin pulldown system were applied to further confirm that PVT1 directly bind with microRNA binding site harboring in the PVT1 sequence. Then, SERBP1 was identified as a target of miR-448 according to the gene expression array analysis of PC clinical samples. Together, we revealed that PVT1 functions as an endogenous "sponge" by competing for miR-448 binding to regulate the miRNA target SERBP1 and, therefore, promotes the proliferation and migration of PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongru Kong
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zongjing Chen
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Proteomic and microRNA Transcriptome Analysis revealed the microRNA-SmyD1 network regulation in Skeletal Muscle Fibers performance of Chinese perch. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16498. [PMID: 29184116 PMCID: PMC5705591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish myotomes are comprised of anatomically segregated fast and slow muscle fibers that possess different metabolic and contractile properties. Although the expression profile properties in fast and slow muscle fibers had been investigated at the mRNA levels, a comprehensive analysis at proteomic and microRNA transcriptomic levels is limited. In the present study, we first systematically compared the proteomic and microRNA transcriptome of the slow and fast muscles of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Total of 2102 proteins were identified in muscle tissues. Among them, 99 proteins were differentially up-regulated and 400 were down-regulated in the fast muscle compared with slow muscle. MiRNA microarrays revealed that 199 miRNAs identified in the two types of muscle fibers. Compared with the fast muscle, the 32 miRNAs was up-regulated and 27 down-regulated in the slow muscle. Specifically, expression of miR-103 and miR-144 was negatively correlated with SmyD1a and SmyD1b expression in fast and slow muscles, respectively. The luciferase reporter assay further verified that the miR-103 and miR-144 directly regulated the SmyD1a and SmyD1b expression by targeting their 3′-UTR. The constructed miRNA-SmyD1 interaction network might play an important role in controlling the development and performance of different muscle fiber types in Chinese perch.
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Long non-coding RNA HOXA11-AS promotes the proliferation HCC cells by epigenetically silencing DUSP5. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109509-109521. [PMID: 29312625 PMCID: PMC5752538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma has been identified as the fifth most common cancer in men and the ninth in women worldwide. Despite many efforts have been made in recent years, the overall survival rate of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma still remain unsatisfied. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms underlying the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma is essential for developing novel treatments to improve patient prognosis. HOXA11-AS, transcribed from the opposite strand of the protein-coding gene HOXA11, has been identified to be associated with the malignant characteristics of several cancers. However, the biological role and molecular mechanism of HOXA11-AS in hepatocellular carcinoma still need to be further investigated. In the current study, the expression of HOXA11-AS in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and tissues was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches were applied to investigate the proliferative function of HOXA11-AS in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Results from flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle distribution revealed that HOXA11-AS promoted hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation through regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. Gene chip technology and quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that DUSP5 was a downstream target of HOXA11-AS. RNA immune co-precipitation assays, RNA pull-down and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that HOXA11-AS could recruit EZH2 to the promoter region of DUSP5, which therefore suppressed the transcription of DUSP5. Collectively, these findings revealed that HOXA11-AS functions as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma through interacting with polycomb-repressive complex2.
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Zhou J, Fan Y, Chen H. Analyses of long non-coding RNA and mRNA profiles in the spinal cord of rats using RNA sequencing during the progression of neuropathic pain in an SNI model. RNA Biol 2017; 14:1810-1826. [PMID: 28854101 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1371400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain (NP) is characterized by an increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the nervous system. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the NP still remain elusive. Recent data suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate expression of NP-associated genes. Herein, we analyzed lncRNAs and mRNA profiles in the spinal cord of rats by RNA sequencing during the progression of NP in a spared nerve injury (SNI) model. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were employed for the establishment of the SNI models, and nociceptive responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli were measured 3 hours prior to surgery and on postoperative days 1, 3, 7 and 14, with L4-5 spinal cords extracted from three SD rats under deep anesthesia at each time point after behavioral test. SNI rats exhibited higher sensitivity to mechanical stimuli from days 1 to 14. Mechanical hyperalgesia reached a steady peak at day14 after surgery, whereas thermal allodynia did not develop. The results of second-generation sequencing suggested that the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were significantly altered in spinal cords of SNI rats versus the control rats at different stages during NP. Differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs were demonstrated at each stage during the NP course using Volcano Plot, Venn and Hcluster heatmap analyses. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway analyses were performed to predict the functionalities of differentially expressed lncRNAs and target genes. Protein interaction networks were constructed based on the correlation analyses of DE lncRNA target proteins at 7 and 14 days after SNI, respectively. Taken together, our results revealed the profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the rat spinal cord under an NP condition. These lncRNAs and mRNAs may represent new therapeutic targets for the treatment of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- a Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan , Foshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Youling Fan
- b Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital of Panyu District , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- c Department of Anesthesiology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
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30
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Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 regulates epithelial membrane protein 2 expression to repress nasopharyngeal carcinoma migration and irradiation-resistance through miR-101-3p as a competing endogenous RNA mechanism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70156-70171. [PMID: 29050268 PMCID: PMC5642543 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is often related to carcinogenesis, metastasis and resistance to radiation or chemotherapy. In the current study, cDNA microarray analysis found that NEAT1 expression was reduced in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and that it regulated NPC progression. However, the detailed mechanisms of NEAT1 in NPC were unclear. NEAT1 repressed NPC cell growth, invasion and radiation resistance in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. In addition, the results of an approach integrating bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assays and RNA immunoprecipitation indicated that NEAT1 antagonized miR-101-3p through a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism and that the interaction between NEAT1 and EMP2 was miR-101-3p dependent. Our results showed a novel connection of NEAT1, miR-101-3p and EMP2 in NPC migration and radiation resistance.
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31
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Li J, Zhang Q, Fan X, Mo W, Dai W, Feng J, Wu L, Liu T, Li S, Xu S, Wang W, Lu X, Yu Q, Chen K, Xia Y, Lu J, Zhou Y, Xu L, Guo C. The long noncoding RNA TUG1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate the Hedgehog pathway by targeting miR-132 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65932-65945. [PMID: 29029483 PMCID: PMC5630383 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that the Hedgehog pathway and the long noncoding RNA TUG1 play pivotal roles in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in tumors. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of TUG1 and the Hedgehog pathway in hepatoma remains undefined. In the present study, we showed that the expression of TUG1 was negatively correlated with that of microRNA (miR)-132, and depletion of TUG1 inhibited the activation of the Hedgehog pathway in vitro and in vivo. We showed that TUG1 functions as a competing endogenous (ceRNA) by competing with miR-132 for binding to the sonic hedgehog protein in HCC, thereby suppressing the activation of Hedgehog signaling and its tumorigenic effect. These data indicate that targeting the TUG1-miR132-Hedgehog network could be a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qinghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Wenhui Mo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shizan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth Hospital School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiya Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth Hospital School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yujing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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Roles of Mitochondrial DNA Signaling in Immune Responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:39-53. [PMID: 29178068 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an important role in immune responses during the evolution. The present chapter systemically describes its role on immune-related diseases and its interaction on immune responses. It is important to explore the main function and mechanisms of mtDNA in immune responses by which mtDNA regulates the signaling pathways of Toll-like receptor 9, autophagy, and STING. There are potentials to discover therapeutic targets of mtDNA in immune diseases and inflammation. It will be more exciting if the CRISPR-Cas9 method can be applied for mtDNA gene editing to cure diseases and provide a novel insight of mtDNA in immune responses as well as new therapies.
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