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Schlathölter I, Meissle M, Boeriis T, Heimo D, Studer B, Broggini GAL, Romeis J, Patocchi A. No adverse dietary effect of a cisgenic fire blight resistant apple line on the non-target arthropods Drosophila melanogaster and Folsomia candida. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113749. [PMID: 35696966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification of apple cultivars through cisgenesis can introduce traits, such as disease resistance from wild relatives, quickly and without crossing. This approach was used to generate the cisgenic apple line C44.4.146, a 'Gala Galaxy' carrying the fire blight resistance gene FB_MR5. In contrast to traditionally bred apple cultivars, genetically modified (GM) plants need to undergo a regulatory risk assessment considering unintended effects before approval for commercial release. To determine potential unintended effects of C44.4.146, we assessed major leaf components and effects on the fitness of the decomposers Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and Folsomia candida (collembolan), which were fed a diet amended with powdered apple leaf material. Leaf material of 'Gala Galaxy', several natural 'Gala' mutants, and the unrelated apple cultivar 'Ladina' were used for comparison. The genetic modification did not alter major leaf components and did not adversely affect survival, growth, or fecundity of the two decomposers. Consistent with previous studies with other GM crops, the differences between conventionally bred cultivars were greater than between the GM line and its non-GM wild type. These data provide a baseline for future risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Schlathölter
- Agroscope, Research Division Plant Breeding, Breeding Research Group, Mueller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland; Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Meissle
- Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Biosafety Research Group, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timea Boeriis
- Agroscope, Research Division Plant Breeding, Breeding Research Group, Mueller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Heimo
- Agroscope, Research Division Methods Development and Analytics, Feed Chemistry Group, Route de la Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni A L Broggini
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Romeis
- Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Biosafety Research Group, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Patocchi
- Agroscope, Research Division Plant Breeding, Breeding Research Group, Mueller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland.
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Oh SW, Kim EH, Lee SY, Baek DY, Lee SG, Kang HJ, Chung YS, Park SK, Ryu TH. Compositional equivalence assessment of insect-resistant genetically modified rice using multiple statistical analyses. GM CROPS & FOOD 2021; 12:303-314. [PMID: 33648419 PMCID: PMC7928020 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2021.1893624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
The safety of transgenic Bt rice containing bacteria-derived mCry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was assessed by conducting field trials at two locations for two consecutive years in South Korea, using the near-isogenic line comparator rice cultivar ('Ilmi', non-Bt rice) and four commercial cultivars as references. Compositional analyses included measurement of proximates, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and antinutrients. Significant differences between Bt rice and non-Bt rice were detected; however, all differences were within the reference range. The statistical analyses, including analysis of % variability, analysis of similarities (ANOISM), similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis, and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) were performed to study factors contributing to compositional variability. The multivariate analyses revealed that environmental factors more influenced rice components' variability than by genetic factors. This approach was shown to be a powerful method to provide meaningful evaluations between Bt rice and its comparators. In this study, Bt rice was proved to be compositionally equivalent to conventional rice varieties through multiple statistical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Woo Oh
- R&D Coordination Division, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Young Baek
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jung Kang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Chung
- Department of Molecular Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Ryu
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Natural Variation in Volatile Emissions of the Invasive Weed Calluna vulgaris in New Zealand. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020283. [PMID: 32098163 PMCID: PMC7076469 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Invasive plants pose a threat to natural ecosystems, changing the community composition and ecological dynamics. One aspect that has received little attention is the production and emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by invasive plants. Investigating VOCs is important because they are involved in vital ecological interactions such as pollination, herbivory and plant competition. Heather, Calluna vulgaris, is a major invasive weed in New Zealand, especially on the Central Plateau, where it has spread rapidly since its introduction in 1912, outcompeting native species. However, the chemical behaviour of heather in its invaded ranges is poorly understood. We aimed to explore the natural variation in volatile emissions of heather and the biotic and abiotic factors influencing them on the Central Plateau of New Zealand. To this end, foliar volatiles produced by heather at four different sites were collected and analysed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Soil properties, herbivory and other environmental data were also collected at each site to investigate their effects on VOC emissions using generalised linear models (GLMs). Our results reveal significant differences in VOC emissions between sites and suggest that soil nutrients are the main factor accounting for these differences. Herbivory and temperature had only a minor effect, while soil water content had no impact. Further studies are needed to investigate how these variations in the invasive plant’s foliar volatiles influence native species.
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Shirdeli M, Orlov YL, Eslami G, Hajimohammadi B, Tabikhanova LE, Ehrampoush MH, Rezvani ME, Fallahzadeh H, Zandi H, Hosseini S, Ahmadian S, Mortazavi S, Fallahi R, Asadi-Yousefabad S. Testing Safety of Genetically Modified Products of Rice: Case Study on Sprague Dawley Rats. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419080131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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