1
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Qu S, Zou Y, Yang L, Wu H. The progress of assessment methods and treatments of neovascular glaucoma secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1280776. [PMID: 38259837 PMCID: PMC10800625 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1280776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neovascular glaucoma is a condition that results from central retinal vein occlusion and often leads to blindness. Accurate evaluation and appropriate treatment are crucial for patients. However, there is currently no uniform and clear standard to differentiate between ischemic and non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion. Also, the assessment of neovascular glaucoma progression is uncertain. Meanwhile, although pan-retinal photocoagulation is a standard treatment to prevent the onset of neovascular glaucoma, its actual efficacy and the timing of intervention remain highly controversial. It is still challenging to balance the risks of side effects in the visual field against the uncertain effectiveness of the treatment. This paper delves into the pathogenesis of neovascular glaucoma to understand the development of therapeutic approaches. By taking into account various assessment criteria of central retinal vein occlusion and neovascular glaucoma over the years, combining functional tests and morphological tests provides the most accurate and rigorous solution. The age of patients, the extent, location, and duration of retinal ischemia are the primary factors that affect the severity and extent of ischemic central retinal vein occlusion and induce serious complications. From the perspective of prevention and treatment, the ischemic index is closely related to the development of neovascularization. The paper provides essential insights into the mechanism, efficacy, complications, and optimal timing of pan-retinal photocoagulation. Comparing the treatment effects of pan-retinal photocoagulation and intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, we suggest a combination of both treatments to explore effective treatment with fewer side effects in the long term. This article details the debate on the above issues and explores ideas for the clinical diagnosis and preventive treatment of neovascular glaucoma that results from ischemic central retinal vein occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Kaur B, Miglioranza Scavuzzi B, F Abcouwer S, N Zacks D. A simplified protocol to induce hypoxia in a standard incubator: A focus on retinal cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109653. [PMID: 37793495 PMCID: PMC10732591 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia chambers have traditionally been used to induce hypoxia in cell cultures. Cellular responses to hypoxia can also be mimicked with the use of chemicals such as cobalt chloride (CoCl2), which stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor alpha-subunit proteins. In studies of ocular cells using primary cells and cell lines, such as Müller glial cell (MGC) lines, photoreceptor cell lines, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell lines and retinoblastoma cell lines oxygen levels employed in hypoxia chambers range typically between 0.2% and 5% oxygen. For chemical induction of hypoxic response in these cells, the CoCl2 concentrations used typically range from 100 to 600 μM. Here, we describe simplified protocols for stabilizing cellular hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in cell culture using either a hypoxia chamber or CoCl2. In addition, we also provide a detailed methodology to confirm hypoxia induction by the assessment of protein levels of HIF-1α, which accumulates in response to hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we provide a summary of conditions applied in previous studies of ocular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavneet Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Bruna Miglioranza Scavuzzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Steven F Abcouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - David N Zacks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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3
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Hazra R, Hubert H, Little-Ihrig L, Ghosh S, Ofori-Acquah S, Hu X, Novelli EM. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Prevents Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced White Matter Injury in Sickle Cell Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030692. [PMID: 36979670 PMCID: PMC10045140 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Occlusion of cerebral blood vessels causes acute cerebral hypoxia—an important trigger of ischemic white matter injury and stroke in sickle cell disease (SCD). While chronic hypoxia triggers compensatory neuroprotection via insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), severe bouts of acute hypoxia and subsequent restoration of blood flow (hypoxia/reoxygenation, H/R) overwhelm compensatory mechanisms and cause neuroaxonal damage–identified as white matter lesions–in the brain. The neuroprotective role of IGF-1 in the pathogenesis of white matter injury in SCD has not been investigated; however, it is known that systemic IGF-1 is reduced in individuals with SCD. We hypothesized that IGF-1 supplementation may prevent H/R-induced white matter injury in SCD. Transgenic sickle mice homozygous for human hemoglobin S and exposed to H/R developed white matter injury identified by elevated expression of non-phosphorylated neurofilament H (SMI32) with a concomitant decrease in myelin basic protein (MBP) resulting in an increased SMI32/MBP ratio. H/R-challenge also lowered plasma and brain IGF-1 expression. Human recombinant IGF-1 prophylaxis significantly induced HIF-1α and averted H/R-induced white matter injury in the sickle mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. The expression of the IGF-1 binding proteins IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 was elevated in the IGF-1-treated brain tissue indicating their potential role in mediating neuroprotective HIF-1α signaling. This study provides proof-of-concept for IGF-1-mediated neuroprotection in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimi Hazra
- Pittsburgh Heart Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-648-9427
| | - Holland Hubert
- Pittsburgh Heart Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Lynda Little-Ihrig
- Pittsburgh Heart Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Samit Ghosh
- Pittsburgh Heart Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Solomon Ofori-Acquah
- Pittsburgh Heart Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Enrico M Novelli
- Pittsburgh Heart Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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4
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Plastino F, Pesce NA, André H. MicroRNAs and the HIF/VEGF axis in ocular neovascular diseases. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e1255-e1262. [PMID: 33729690 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ocular neovascular diseases, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, are the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. The hypoxia-inducible factors and vascular endothelial growth factors are key molecular promoters of ocular neovascularization. Moreover, the role of microRNAs as regulators of angiogenesis has been expanding, particularly hypoxia-associated microRNA; hypoxamiRs. This review provides a summary of hypoxamiRs that directly and specifically target HIF1A and VEGF mRNAs, thus critically involved in the regulation of ocular neovascular pathologies. The discussed microRNAs highlight putative diagnostic markers and therapeutic agents in choroidal and retinal angiogenic diseases, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Plastino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Division of Eye and Vision St. Erik Eye Hospital Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Noemi Anna Pesce
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Division of Eye and Vision St. Erik Eye Hospital Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Division of Eye and Vision St. Erik Eye Hospital Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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5
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Echinomycin mitigates ocular angiogenesis by transcriptional inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Exp Eye Res 2021; 206:108518. [PMID: 33639134 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinomycin (EKN), an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 DNA-binding activity, has been implied as a possible therapeutic agent in ischemic diseases. Here, we assess EKN in hypoxia-driven responses in vitro using human primary adult retinal pigment epithelium cells (aRPE) and retinal endothelial cells (hREC), and in vivo using the laser-induced mouse choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model. METHODS Effects of EKN on hypoxia-mediated pathways in aRPE were analyzed by Western blotting for HIF-1α protein, quantitative PCR of HIF-target genes, and proteome array for soluble angiogenic factors. In vitro inhibition of angiogenesis by EKN was determined in hREC. In vivo inhibition of angiogenesis by EKN was determined in the mouse laser-induced CNV, as a model of HIF-associated ocular neovascularization. CNV lesion area was determined by fundus fluorescein angiography. RESULTS aRPE treated with EKN showed hypoxia-dependent significantly decreased cell recovery in the wound healing assay. These results were supported by lower levels of HIF-mediated transcripts detected in hypoxic aRPE cells treated with EKN compared with non-treated controls, and confirmed by proteome profiler for angiogenic factors. hREC exposed to aRPE EKN-conditioned medium displayed reduced sprouting angiogenesis. Mice with laser-induced CNV treated with intravitreally injected EKN showed significantly decreased vascular lesion area when compared with a mouse equivalent of aflibercept, or vehicle-treated controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data proposes EKN as a potent inhibitor of HIF-mediated angiogenesis in retinal cells and in the mouse model of CNV, which could have future implications in the treatment of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
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Ibuki M, Lee D, Shinojima A, Miwa Y, Tsubota K, Kurihara T. Rice Bran and Vitamin B6 Suppress Pathological Neovascularization in a Murine Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration as Novel HIF Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238940. [PMID: 33255657 PMCID: PMC7728083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological neovascularization in the eye is a leading cause of blindness in all age groups from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in children to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the elderly. Inhibiting neovascularization via antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs has been used for the effective treatment. However, anti-VEGF therapies may cause development of chorioretinal atrophy as they affect a physiological amount of VEGF essential for retinal homeostasis. Furthermore, anti-VEGF therapies are still ineffective in some cases, especially in patients with AMD. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a strong regulator of VEGF induction under hypoxic and other stress conditions. Our previous reports have indicated that HIF is associated with pathological retinal neovascularization in murine models of ROP and AMD, and HIF inhibition suppresses neovascularization by reducing an abnormal increase in VEGF expression. Along with this, we attempted to find novel effective HIF inhibitors from natural foods of our daily lives. Food ingredients were screened for prospective HIF inhibitors in ocular cell lines of 661W and ARPE-19, and a murine AMD model was utilized for examining suppressive effects of the ingredients on retinal neovascularization. As a result, rice bran and its component, vitamin B6 showed inhibitory effects on HIF activation and suppressed VEGF mRNA induction under a CoCl2-induced pseudo-hypoxic condition. Dietary supplement of these significantly suppressed retinal neovascularization in the AMD model. These data suggest that rice bran could have promising therapeutic values in the management of pathological ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ibuki
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.I.); (D.L.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Deokho Lee
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.I.); (D.L.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ari Shinojima
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.I.); (D.L.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Miwa
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.I.); (D.L.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Animal Eye Care•Tokyo Animal Eye Clinic, Tokyo 158-0093, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (T.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5636-3269 (K.T.); +81-3-5636-3204 (T.K.)
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.I.); (D.L.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (T.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5636-3269 (K.T.); +81-3-5636-3204 (T.K.)
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7
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Locri F, Pesce NA, Aronsson M, Cammalleri M, De Rosa M, Pavone V, Bagnoli P, Kvanta A, Dal Monte M, André H. Gaining insight on mitigation of rubeosis iridis by UPARANT in a mouse model associated with proliferative retinopathy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1629-1638. [PMID: 32940719 PMCID: PMC7591405 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative retinopathies (PR) lead to an increase in neovascularization and inflammation factors, at times culminating in pathologic rubeosis iridis (RI). In mice, uveal puncture combined with injection of hypoxia-conditioned media mimics RI associated with proliferative retinopathies. Here, we investigated the effects of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) antagonist-UPARANT-on the angiogenic and inflammatory processes that are dysregulated in this model. In addition, the effects of UPARANT were compared with those of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies. Administration of UPARANT promptly decreased iris vasculature, while anti-VEGF effects were slower and less pronounced. Immunoblot and qPCR analysis suggested that UPARANT acts predominantly by reducing the upregulated inflammatory and extracellular matrix degradation responses. UPARANT appears to be more effective in comparison to anti-VEGF in the treatment of RI associated with PR in the murine model, by modulating multiple uPAR-associated signaling pathways. Furthermore, UPARANT effectiveness was maintained when systemically administered, which could open to novel improved therapies for proliferative ocular diseases, particularly those associated with PR. KEY MESSAGES: • Further evidence of UPARANT effectiveness in normalizing pathological iris neovascularization. • Both systemic and local administration of UPARANT reduce iris neovascularization in a model associated with proliferative retinopathies. • In the mouse models of rubeosis iridis associated with proliferative retinopathy, UPARANT displays stronger effects when compared with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Locri
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, 112 82, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi A Pesce
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, 112 82, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Aronsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, 112 82, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, 112 82, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, 112 82, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Zhao L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yu M, Wang F. Vitamin C decreases VEGF expression levels via hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α dependent and independent pathways in lens epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:436-444. [PMID: 32377733 PMCID: PMC7248485 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the main complication following cataract surgery. The proliferation of the residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) serves an important role in PCO formation. The authors' previous study revealed that vitamin C inhibited the proliferation of human LECs by increasing the rapid degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α), and hence inhibited the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The present study aimed to further investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of vitamin C on the expression levels of VEGF. The present study demonstrated that the HIF-1 inhibitor BAY 87–2243 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and the expression levels of VEGF in LECs through the use of colony formation, western blotting and ELISA assays. Moreover, it was revealed that vitamin C could further inhibit the cell proliferation and the expression levels of VEGF in LECs following the cotreatment with the HIF-1 inhibitor. The proline hydroxylation of HIF-1α by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) was previously discovered to be responsible for the rapid degradation of HIF-1α. Thus, the present study subsequently used three PHD inhibitors to investigate their effects on the expression levels of VEGF; it was found that the PHD2 specific inhibitor increased the expression levels of VEGF to the greatest extent. Moreover, the genetic knockdown of PHD2 by lentiviral transfection also significantly increased the expression levels of VEGF, whereas the PHD2 specific inhibitor did not alter the expression levels of VEGF in the PHD2 knockdown LECs. AKT kinase activity is an important mediator known to upregulate VEGF expression. Using an immunoprecipitation assay to isolate endogenous AKT, it was demonstrated that AKT was prolyl hydroxylated by PHD2, which inhibited its activity. It was also revealed that vitamin C enhanced the proline-hydroxylation and inhibited the activity of AKT. Furthermore, an AKT inhibitor increased the effects of vitamin C on the expression levels of VEGF. However, the AKT inhibitor did not affect the expression levels of glucose transporter 1, which is a HIF-1α target gene. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that vitamin C may inhibit the expression levels of VEGF via HIF-1α-dependent and AKT-dependent pathways in LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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9
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Mammadzada P, Corredoira PM, André H. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a gene therapy perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:819-833. [PMID: 31893312 PMCID: PMC7058677 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has led to the identification of key molecules. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) have been associated with choroidal neovascularization and the progression of AMD into the neovascular clinical phenotype (nAMD). HIFs regulate the expression of multiple growth factors and cytokines involved in angiogenesis and inflammation, hallmarks of nAMD. This knowledge has propelled the development of a new group of therapeutic strategies focused on gene therapy. The present review provides an update on current gene therapies in ocular angiogenesis, particularly nAMD, from both basic and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Mammadzada
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pablo M Corredoira
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helder André
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Locri F, Dal Monte M, Aronsson M, Cammalleri M, De Rosa M, Pavone V, Kvanta A, Bagnoli P, André H. UPARANT is an effective antiangiogenic agent in a mouse model of rubeosis iridis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1273-1283. [PMID: 31243519 PMCID: PMC6713680 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Puncture-induced iris neovascularization (rubeosis iridis; RI) in mice is associated with upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and inflammatory factors. The anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of UPARANT in reducing RI was determined by noninvasive, in vivo iris vascular densitometry, and confirmed in vitro by quantitative vascular-specific immunostaining. Intravitreal administration of UPARANT successfully and rapidly reduced RI to non-induced control levels. Molecular analysis revealed that UPARANT inhibits formyl peptide receptors through a predominantly anti-inflammatory response, accompanied with a significant reduction in ECM degradation and inflammation markers. Similar results were observed with UPARANT administered systemically by subcutaneous injection. These data suggest that the tetrapeptide UPARANT is an effective anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of RI, both by local and systemic administrations. The effectiveness of UPARANT in reducing RI in a model independent of the canonical vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proposes an alternative for patients that do not respond to anti-VEGF treatments, which could improve treatment in proliferative ocular diseases. Key messages UPARANT is effective in the treatment of rubeosis iridis, both by local and systemic administrations. UPARANT can reduce VEGF-independent neovascularization.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-019-01794-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Locri
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, 112 82, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Monica Aronsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, 112 82, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, 112 82, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Polhemsgatan 50, 112 82, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Radha Rama Devi A, Ganapathy A, Mannan AU, Sabharanjak S, Naushad SM. 1q42.12q42.2 Deletion in a Child with Midline Defects and Hypoplasia of the Corpus Callosum. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:161-166. [PMID: 31191205 DOI: 10.1159/000496079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 1q42.12q42.2 deletions are documented as "disease causing" and show overlapping phenotypes depending on the genes involved in the deletion. In this report, we detected a 5.8-Mb deletion encompassing the chromosome 1q42.12q42.2 region in a 4-year-old boy with hypoplastic corpus callosum, epilepsy, developmental delay, microcephaly, cataract, cleft palate, and skeletal changes. The deletion was de novo. Genotype-phenotype correlations suggest that the major features of 1q42.12q42.2 microdeletion were attributed to the genes with a high probability of loss-of-function intolerance score in this deletion, namely LBR, ENAH, ACBD3, LIN9, ITPKB, CDC42BPA, ARF1, TAF5L, GALNT2, SPRTN, and EGLN1 along with GNPAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aparna Ganapathy
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashraf U Mannan
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Shefali Sabharanjak
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Shaik M Naushad
- Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt Ltd, Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, Hyderabad, India
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12
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Ali Z, Mukwaya A, Biesemeier A, Ntzouni M, Ramsköld D, Giatrellis S, Mammadzada P, Cao R, Lennikov A, Marass M, Gerri C, Hildesjö C, Taylor M, Deng Q, Peebo B, del Peso L, Kvanta A, Sandberg R, Schraermeyer U, Andre H, Steffensen JF, Lagali N, Cao Y, Kele J, Jensen LD. Intussusceptive Vascular Remodeling Precedes Pathological Neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1402-1418. [PMID: 31242036 PMCID: PMC6636809 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Pathological neovascularization is crucial for progression and morbidity of serious diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. While mechanisms of ongoing pathological neovascularization have been extensively studied, the initiating pathological vascular remodeling (PVR) events, which precede neovascularization remains poorly understood. Here, we identify novel molecular and cellular mechanisms of preneovascular PVR, by using the adult choriocapillaris as a model. Approach and Results— Using hypoxia or forced overexpression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in the subretinal space to induce PVR in zebrafish and rats respectively, and by analyzing choriocapillaris membranes adjacent to choroidal neovascular lesions from age-related macular degeneration patients, we show that the choriocapillaris undergo robust induction of vascular intussusception and permeability at preneovascular stages of PVR. This PVR response included endothelial cell proliferation, formation of endothelial luminal processes, extensive vesiculation and thickening of the endothelium, degradation of collagen fibers, and splitting of existing extravascular columns. RNA-sequencing established a role for endothelial tight junction disruption, cytoskeletal remodeling, vesicle- and cilium biogenesis in this process. Mechanistically, using genetic gain- and loss-of-function zebrafish models and analysis of primary human choriocapillaris endothelial cells, we determined that HIF (hypoxia-induced factor)-1α-VEGF-A-VEGFR2 signaling was important for hypoxia-induced PVR. Conclusions— Our findings reveal that PVR involving intussusception and splitting of extravascular columns, endothelial proliferation, vesiculation, fenestration, and thickening is induced before neovascularization, suggesting that identifying and targeting these processes may prevent development of advanced neovascular disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Ali
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences (Z.A., L.D.J.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Anthony Mukwaya
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., A.L., B.P., N.L.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Antje Biesemeier
- Experimental Vitreoretinal Surgery, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (A.B., U.S.)
| | - Maria Ntzouni
- Electronmicroscopy and Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine (M.N.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ramsköld
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (D.R., S.G., R.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarantis Giatrellis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (D.R., S.G., R.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Parviz Mammadzada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Ophthalmology and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital (P.M., A.K., H.A.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renhai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (R.C., Y.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., A.L., B.P., N.L.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Michele Marass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Lung and Heart Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.M., C.G.)
| | - Claudia Gerri
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Lung and Heart Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.M., C.G.)
| | - Camilla Hildesjö
- Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology, Department for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (C.H.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Michael Taylor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.T.)
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Peebo
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., A.L., B.P., N.L.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Luis del Peso
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain (L.d.P.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM Madrid, Spain (L.d.P.)
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Ophthalmology and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital (P.M., A.K., H.A.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rickard Sandberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (D.R., S.G., R.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Schraermeyer
- Experimental Vitreoretinal Surgery, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (A.B., U.S.)
| | - Helder Andre
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Ophthalmology and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital (P.M., A.K., H.A.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John F. Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Helsingor, Denmark (J.F.S.)
| | - Neil Lagali
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., A.L., B.P., N.L.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (R.C., Y.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julianna Kele
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lasse Dahl Jensen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences (Z.A., L.D.J.), Linkoping University, Sweden
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13
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The Different Facades of Retinal and Choroidal Endothelial Cells in Response to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123846. [PMID: 30513885 PMCID: PMC6321100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular angiogenic diseases, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, are associated with severe loss of vision. These pathologies originate from different vascular beds, retinal and choroidal microvasculatures, respectively. The activation of endothelial cells (EC) plays pivotal roles in angiogenesis, often triggered by oxygen deficiency. Hypoxia-inducible factors in ECs mediate the transcription of multiple angiogenic genes, including the canonical vascular endothelial growth factors. ECs show notable heterogeneity in function, structure, and disease, therefore the understanding of retinal/choroidal ECs (REC; CEC) biochemical and molecular responses to hypoxia may offer key insights into tissue-specific vascular targeting treatments. The aim of this review is to discuss the differences spanning between REC and CEC, with focus on their response to hypoxia, which could provide innovative and sustainable strategies for site specific targeting of ocular neovascularization.
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14
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Tang LR, Wu JX, Cai SL, Huang YX, Zhang XQ, Fu WK, Zhuang QY, Li JL. Prolyl hydroxylase domain 3 influences the radiotherapy efficacy of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8507-8515. [PMID: 30555241 PMCID: PMC6278705 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s187615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pancreatic cancer is characterized by a hypoxic microenvironment and resistance to most currently available treatment modalities. Prolyl hydroxylase domain 3 (PHD3) is a rate-limiting enzyme that regulates the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and is deregulated in pancreatic cancer cells. Whether such alteration of PHD3 expression contributes to the sustained growth and radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells remains largely unknown. Materials and methods PHD3 was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer Mia-paca2 cells via lentiviral expression. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were assayed by flow cytometry. HIF-1α, EGFR, and PHD3 protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. Cell survival was determined in a colony formation assay. Results PHD3 overexpression suppressed HIF-1α protein expression and EGFR phosphorylation and enhanced the 2 Gy irradiation-mediated reductions in HIF-1α and phosphorylated (p)-EGFR under either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. PHD3 overexpression inhibited the growth and colony formation of Mia-paca2 cells in response to irradiation under either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. PHD3 overexpression exacerbated irradiation-induced apoptosis, with a greater effect under hypoxia than normoxia. Cell cycle distribution analysis demonstrated that PHD3 overexpression resulted in further shortened S phase and lengthened G2/M phase in response to irradiation. Conclusion PHD3 expression may contribute to the radiotherapy efficacy of pancreatic cancer cells and serve as a novel biomarker for improving radiotherapy efficacy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rui Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,
| | - Jun-Xin Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,
| | - Shao-Li Cai
- Key Laboratories of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xia Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,
| | - Wan-Kai Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,
| | - Qing-Yang Zhuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,
| | - Jin-Luan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,
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15
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Miao C, Cao H, Zhang Y, Guo X, Wang Z, Wang J. LncRNA DIGIT Accelerates Tube Formation of Vascular Endothelial Cells by Sponging miR-134. Int Heart J 2018; 59:1086-1095. [PMID: 30158376 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most prevalent and important cardiac diseases, involving the heart and brain. This study aimed to explore the impacts of lncRNA Divergent to GSC induced by TGF-b family signaling (DIGIT) on vascular endothelial cells tube-formation capacity so as to reveal the potentials of DIGIT in atherosclerosis therapy. DIGIT expression in human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells was silenced by transfection with shRNAs-targeted DIGIT. The effects of DIGIT silence on cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and tube formation were then assessed. Additionally, the cross-regulation between DIGIT and miR-134, and between miR-134 and Bmi-1 was detected to further reveal through which mechanism (s) DIGIT mediated HMEC-1 cells. The results showed that DIGIT silence significantly reduced cell viability, migration, tube-like structures formation, and induced apoptosis in HMEC-1 cells. DIGIT worked as a sponge for miR-134, and the anti-growth, anti-migratory, and anti-tube-formation functions of DIGIT silence on HMEC-1 cells were abolished by miR-134 suppression. Bmi-1 was a target of miR-134, and Bmi-1 upregulation abolished miR-134 overexpression-diminished cell growth, migration, and tube formation of HMEC-1 cells. Furthermore, Bmi-1 upregulation activated PI3K/AKT and Notch signaling pathways. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that lncRNA DIGIT accelerated tube formation of vascular endothelial cells through sponging miR-134. Our findings suggest that DIGIT and miR-134 may be promising molecular targets for atherosclerosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Miao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Haixia Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Yonggan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Xueli Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Zifan Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
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16
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Locri F, Aronsson M, Beaujean O, Kvanta A, André H. Puncture-Induced Iris Neovascularization as a Mouse Model of Rubeosis Iridis. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29578513 DOI: 10.3791/57398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a model of puncture-induced iris neovascularization as a general model for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis. The model is also relevant for targeting neovascular glaucoma, a sight-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy. This method is based on the induction of iris vascular response by a series of self-sealing uveal punctures on BALB/c mice and takes advantage of the postpartum maturation of mouse ocular vasculature. Mouse pups undergo uveal punctures from postnatal day 12.5, when the pups naturally open their eyes, until postnatal day 24.5. Due to the transparency of the cornea, iris vasculature can be analyzed easily through time by noninvasive in vivo methods. Furthermore, the semitransparent iris of BALB/c mice can be flatmounted for detailed immunohistologic analysis with minimal non-specific background staining. In this model, angiogenesis is mainly driven by the inflammatory and plasminogen activating systems. The puncture-induced model is the first to induce iris neovascularization in small rodents, and has the advantage of allowing direct noninvasive in vivo analysis of the angiogenic process. Moreover, the model can be combined with angiogenic modulating substances, which highlights its potential in the study of angiogenesis with an in vivo perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Locri
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Monica Aronsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Ophélie Beaujean
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Eye and Vision, St Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet;
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17
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Beaujean O, Locri F, Aronsson M, Kvanta A, André H. A novel in vivo model of puncture-induced iris neovascularization. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180235. [PMID: 28658313 PMCID: PMC5489193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess iris neovascularization by uveal puncture of the mouse eye and determine the role of angiogenic factors during iris neovascularization. METHODS Uveal punctures were performed on BalbC mouse eyes to induce iris angiogenesis. VEGF-blockage was used as an anti-angiogenic treatment, while normoxia- and hypoxia-conditioned media from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells was used as an angiogenic-inducer in this model. Iris vasculature was determined in vivo by noninvasive methods. Iris blood vessels were stained for platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular sprouts were counted as markers of angiogenesis. Expression of angiogenic and inflammatory factors in the puncture-induced model were determined by qPCR and western blot. RESULTS Punctures led to increased neovascularization and sprouting of the iris. qPCR and protein analysis showed an increase of angiogenic factors, particularly in the plasminogen-activating receptor and inflammatory systems. VEGF-blockage partly reduced iris neovascularization, and treatment with hypoxia-conditioned RPE medium led to a statistically significant increase in iris neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first evidence of a puncture-induced iris angiogenesis model in the mouse. In a broader context, this novel in vivo model of neovascularization has the potential for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis modulating substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Beaujean
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filippo Locri
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Aronsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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