1
|
Polz A, Morshed K, Drop B, Polz-Dacewicz M. Serum NF-κB in Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnostic Usability. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2328. [PMID: 39001390 PMCID: PMC11240430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and effective therapy are the fundamental challenge for modern oncology. Hence, many researchers focus on the search for new or improved biomarkers. Due to the great importance of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in physiological and pathological processes, we focused on assessing its usefulness as a biomarker in OPSCC. The purpose of the research presented here was to evaluate the prevalence and the level of NF-κB in the serum of OPSCC patients (ELISA). Serum NF-κB levels were also assessed depending on the degree of histological differentiation of the tumor and TN classification. Additionally, we considered the existence of a correlation between the concentration of NF-κB and EBV antibody titers, viral load and selected MMPs-MMP3 and MMP9. Taken together, the obtained results demonstrated that NF-κB level was significantly higher among patients with EBV-related OPSCC than among those without EBV. In addition, the level of NF-κB was significantly higher in more advanced clinical stages. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the concentration of NF-κB and the level of selected EBV antibodies, viral load and both tested MMPs. The diagnostic accuracy of NF-κB was confirmed by ROC analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamal Morshed
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Casemiro Pulaski Radom University, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Computer Science and Medical Statistics with the e-Health Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
- Department of Virology with Viral Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hsu CL, Chang YS, Li HP. Molecular Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Past and Future. Biomed J 2024:100748. [PMID: 38796105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originated from the nasopharynx epithelial cells and has been linked with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, dietary habits, environmental and genetic factors. It is a common malignancy in Southeast Asia, especially with gender preference among men. Due to its non-specific symptoms, NPC is often diagnosed at a late stage. Thus, the molecular diagnosis of NPC plays a crucial role in early detection, treatment selection, disease monitoring, and prognosis prediction. This review aims to provide a summary of the current state and the latest emerging molecular diagnostic techniques for NPC, including EBV-related biomarkers, gene mutations, liquid biopsy, and DNA methylation. Challenges and potential future directions of NPC molecular diagnosis will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Pai Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suryani L, Lee HPY, Teo WK, Chin ZK, Loh KS, Tay JK. Precision Medicine for Nasopharyngeal Cancer-A Review of Current Prognostic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:918. [PMID: 38473280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) driven malignancy arising from the nasopharyngeal epithelium. Current treatment strategies depend on the clinical stage of the disease, including the extent of the primary tumour, the extent of nodal disease, and the presence of distant metastasis. With the close association of EBV infection with NPC development, EBV biomarkers have shown promise in predicting treatment outcomes. Among the omic technologies, RNA and miRNA signatures have been widely studied, showing promising results in the research setting to predict treatment response. The transformation of radiology images into measurable features has facilitated the use of radiomics to generate predictive models for better prognostication and treatment selection. Nonetheless, much of this work remains in the research realm, and challenges remain in clinical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luvita Suryani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Hazel P Y Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Wei Keat Teo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Zhi Kang Chin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kwok Seng Loh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Joshua K Tay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Siak PY, Heng WS, Teoh SSH, Lwin YY, Cheah SC. Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect. J Transl Med 2023; 21:786. [PMID: 37932756 PMCID: PMC10629096 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis. The EBV infection introduces oncoviral proteins that consequently hyperactivate many promitotic pathways and block cell-death inducers. EBV infection is so prevalent in NPC patients such that EBV serological tests were used to diagnose and screen NPC patients. On the other hand, as the downstream effectors of oncogenic mechanisms, the promitotic pathways can potentially be exploited therapeutically. With the apparent heterogeneity and distinct molecular aberrations of NPC tumor, the focus has turned into a more personalized treatment in NPC. Herein in this comprehensive review, we depict the current status of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in NPC. Subsequently, based on the limitations on those aspects, we look at their potential improvements in moving towards the path of precision medicine. The importance of recent advances on the key molecular aberration involved in pathogenesis of NPC for precision medicine progression has also been reported in the present review. Besides, the challenge and future outlook of NPC management will also be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Win Sen Heng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Siew Hoon Teoh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yu Yu Lwin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liao LJ, Hsu WL, Chen CJ, Chiu YL. Feature Reviews of the Molecular Mechanisms of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1528. [PMID: 37371623 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in most parts of the world but endemic in southern Asia. Here, we describe the molecular abnormalities in NPC and point out potential molecular mechanisms for future therapy. This article provides a brief up-to-date review focusing on the molecular pathways of NPC, which may improve our knowledge of this disease, and we also highlight some issues for further research. In brief, some heritable genes are related to NPC; therefore, people with a family history of NPC have an increased risk of this disease. Carcinogenic substances and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exposure both contribute to tumorigenesis through the accumulation of multiple genomic changes. In recent years, salted fish intake has decreased the impact on NPC, which implies that changing exposure to carcinogens can modify the risk of NPC. Eradication of cancer-associated viruses potentially eradicates cancer, and EBV vaccines might also prevent this disease in the future. Screening patients by using an EBV antibody is feasible in the high-risk group; plasma EBV DNA measurement could also be conducted for screening, prognosis, and monitoring of this disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NPC can further provide novel information for health promotion, disease screening, and precision cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Master Program of Big Data Analysis in Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Evolutionary route of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and its clinical significance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:610. [PMID: 36739462 PMCID: PMC9899247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is critical to understand factors associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis. To track the evolutionary route of metastasis, here we perform an integrative genomic analysis of 163 matched blood and primary, regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis tumour samples, combined with single-cell RNA-seq on 11 samples from two patients. The mutation burden, gene mutation frequency, mutation signature, and copy number frequency are similar between metastatic tumours and primary and regional lymph node tumours. There are two distinct evolutionary routes of metastasis, including metastases evolved from regional lymph nodes (lymphatic route, 61.5%, 8/13) and from primary tumours (hematogenous route, 38.5%, 5/13). The hematogenous route is characterised by higher IFN-γ response gene expression and a higher fraction of exhausted CD8+ T cells. Based on a radiomics model, we find that the hematogenous group has significantly better progression-free survival and PD-1 immunotherapy response, while the lymphatic group has a better response to locoregional radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Qin T, Liu M, Lv Y, Zheng A, Wang L, Wu Y, Kasianenko O, Wei X, Teng Z, Xia X, Hu J. Comprehensive Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Expression Profile of Macrophage RAW264.7 Stimulated by Antimicrobial Peptide BSN-37. Protein Pept Lett 2023; 30:783-793. [PMID: 37587823 DOI: 10.2174/0929866530666230816110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BSN-37, a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP) containing 37 amino acid residues isolated from the bovine spleen, has not only antibacterial activity but also immunomodulatory activity. Recent evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in regulating the activation and function of immune cells. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the lncRNA and mRNA expression profile of mouse macrophages RAW264.7 stimulated by bovine antimicrobial peptide BSN-37. METHODS The whole gene expression microarray was used to detect the differentially expressed lncRNA and mRNA between antimicrobial peptide BSN-37 activated RAW264.7 cells and normal RAW264.7 cells. KEGG pathway analysis and GO function annotation analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNA were carried out. Eight kinds of lncRNAs and nine kinds of mRNA with large differences were selected for qRT-PCR verification, respectively. RESULTS In the current study, we found that 1294 lncRNAs and 260 mRNAs were differentially expressed between antibacterial peptide BSN-37 treatment and control groups. Among them, Bcl2l12, Rab44, C1s, Cd101 and other genes were associated with immune responses and were all significantly up-regulated. Mest and Prkcz are related to cell growth, and other genes are related to glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. In addition, some immune-related terms were also found in the GO and KEGG analyses. At the same time, real-time quantitative PCR was used to verify selected lncRNA and mRNA with differential expression. The results of qRT-PCR verification were consistent with the sequencing results, indicating that our data were reliable. CONCLUSION This study provides the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by antimicrobial peptide BSN-37 and helps to provide a reference value for subsequent studies on lncRNA regulation of antimicrobial peptide BSN-37 immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mingcheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Yanhe Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Airong Zheng
- Forage and Feed Station of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yundi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Oksana Kasianenko
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Xiaobing Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhanwei Teng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianhe Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li C, Zheng J, Deng G, Zhang Y, Du Y, Jiang H. Exosomal miR-106a-5p accelerates the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through FBXW7-mediated TRIM24 degradation. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1652-1668. [PMID: 35293097 PMCID: PMC9128160 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is prevalent in East Asia and causes increased health burden. Elucidating the regulatory mechanism of NPC progression is important for understanding the pathogenesis of NPC and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and normal tissues were collected. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays, respectively. A xenograft mouse model of NPC was established to analyze NPC cell growth and metastasis in vivo. The expression of miR-106a-5p, FBXW7, TRIM24, and SRGN was determined with RT-qPCR and Western blot. MiR-106a-5p, TRIM24, and SRGN were upregulated, and FBXW7 was downregulated in NPC tissues and cells. Exosomal miR-106a-5p could enter NPC cells, and its overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of NPC cells, which were suppressed by knockdown of exosomal miR-106a-5p. MiR-106a-5p targeted FBXW7 to regulate FBXW7-mediated degradation of TRIM24. Furthermore, TRIM24 regulated SRGN expression by binding to its promoter in NPC cells. Suppression of exosomal miR-106a-5p attenuated NPC growth and metastasis through the FBXW7-TRIM24-SRGN axis in vivo. Exosomal miR-106a-5p accelerated the progression of NPC through the FBXW7-TRIM24-SRGN axis. Our study elucidates novel regulatory mechanisms of NPC progression and provides potential exosome-based therapeutic strategies for NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Wu Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)HaikouChina
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)HaikouChina
| | - Guo‐Qing Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)HaikouChina
| | - Yu‐Guang Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)HaikouChina
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)HaikouChina
| | - Hong‐Yan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)HaikouChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang H, Li S, Tang Q, Zhu G. Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Evasion in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680955. [PMID: 34566954 PMCID: PMC8458828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor of the nasopharynx mainly characterized by geographic distribution and EBV infection. Metabolic reprogramming, one of the cancer hallmarks, has been frequently reported in NPCs to adapt to internal energy demands and external environmental pressures. Inevitably, the metabolic reprogramming within the tumor cell will lead to a decreased pH value and diverse nutritional supplements in the tumor-infiltrating micro-environment incorporating immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Accumulated evidence indicates that metabolic reprogramming derived from NPC cells may facilitate cancer progression and immunosuppression by cell-cell communications with their surrounding immune cells. This review presents the dysregulated metabolism processes, including glucose, fatty acid, amino acid, nucleotide metabolism, and their mutual interactions in NPC. Moreover, the potential connections between reprogrammed metabolism, tumor immunity, and associated therapy would be discussed in this review. Accordingly, the development of targets on the interactions between metabolic reprogramming and immune cells may provide assistances to overcome the current treatment resistance in NPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinglai Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gangcai Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang L, Liu G, Li Y, Pan Y. The emergence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Predictive value and immunotherapy implications. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1208-1219. [PMID: 35873027 PMCID: PMC9293699 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) often reveals a large number of lymphocytes infiltrating the primary tumor site. As an important part of the tumor microenvironment, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) do not exist alone but as a complex multicellular population with high heterogeneity. TILs play an extremely significant role in the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of NPC. The latest research shows that they participate in tumorigenesis and treatment, and the composition, quantity, functional status and distribution of TILs subsets have good predictive value for the prognosis of NPC patients. TILs are an independent prognostic factor for TNM stage and significantly correlated with better prognosis. Additionally, adoptive immunotherapy using anti-tumor TILs has achieved good results in a variety of solid tumors including NPC. This review evaluates recent clinical and preclinical studies of NPC, summarizes the role of TILs in promoting and inhibiting tumor growth, evaluates the predictive value of TILs, and explores the potential benefits of TILs-based immunotherapy in the treatment of NPC.
Collapse
|
11
|
Campion NJ, Ally M, Jank BJ, Ahmed J, Alusi G. The molecular march of primary and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:1757-1774. [PMID: 33479496 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) results from the aberrant and uncontrolled growth of the nasopharyngeal epithelium. It is highly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, especially in regions where it is endemic. In the last decade, significant advances in genetic sequencing techniques have allowed the discovery of many new abnormal molecular processes that undoubtedly contribute to the establishment, growth and spread of this deadly disease. In this review, we consider NPC as EBV induced. We summarise the recent discoveries and how they add to our understanding of the pathophysiology of NPC in the context of genomics first in primary and then in recurrent disease. Overall, we find key early events lead to p16 inactivation and cyclin D1 expression, allowing latent viral infection. Host and viral factors work together to affect a variety of molecular pathways, the most fundamental being activation of NF-κB. Nonetheless, much still yearns to be discovered, especially in recurrent NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Campion
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Munira Ally
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Bernhard J Jank
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jahangir Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Ghassan Alusi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Si J, Huang B, Lan G, Zhang B, Wei J, Deng Z, Li Y, Qin Y, Li B, Lu Y, Si Y. Comparison of whole exome sequencing in circulating tumor cells of primitive and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:4080-4092. [PMID: 35117778 PMCID: PMC8798411 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-19-2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common cancers. To investigate the gene mutation profile of NPC patients, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in tumor cells, peripheral blood cells, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of primitive and metastatic NPC patients, and explored its clinical significance. METHODS Primitive tumor cells, white blood cells, and CTCs of patients were collected and hybridized with probes targeting whole exons. Mutational signatures, signaling pathways, and cancer associated genes from CTCs cells of two primitive and two metastatic patients were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) method. RESULTS The mutational landscape of four primitive tumors showed that there were more MSH2 alterations in more non-silent mutation number patients Additionally, BAP1 gene mutation only occurred in metastatic patients. The most frequently mutated genes among the primitive tumor and CTC samples were CFAP74, MOB3C, PDE4DIP, IGFN1, CYFIP2, NOP16, SLC22A1, ZNF117, and SSPO. Interestingly, only PMS1, BRIP1, DEE, OR2T12, CPN2, MLXIPL, BAIAP3, IGSF3, SIN3B, and ZNF880 alterations occurred in primary tumors of metastatic patients. Primitive and metastatic NPC had significantly distinct mutational signatures. GO analysis revealed that each patient had his own mutational signaling pathways. Non-silent single nucleotide variations (non-silent SNVs) and insertion-deletion mutations (INDELs) in CTCs were more dramatic than in primitive tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS These changes are strongly relevant to their clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Si
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Institute, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Guiping Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Institute, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Benjian Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Institute, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jiazhang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Institute, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhuoxia Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Institute, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yiliang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Institute, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Institute, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Institute, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Lu
- SurExam Bio-Techs, Guangzhou Technology Innovation Base, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Si
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Institute, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie X, Zheng W, Chen T, Lin W, Liao Z, Liu J, Ding Y. CDK4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib Amplifies the Radiosensitivity to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells via Mediating Apoptosis and Suppressing DNA Damage Repair. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11107-11117. [PMID: 31908479 PMCID: PMC6924590 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s234221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is the primary approach for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Although high survival rates can be obtained with radiation for early stage lesions, distant metastasis and local recurrence frequently occur. In this study, we pioneeringly investigated the antitumor activity and underlying mechanism of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib) combined with radiation on NPC cells. Methods Evaluation of radiation enhancement with palbociclib was based on results from CCK8 and clonogenicity assays for cell proliferation, flow cytometry for apoptosis, ROS level and cell cycle and immunocytochemistry for DNA double-strand break repair. Results Palbociclib inhibited cellular growth of RB-proficient CNE-1 and CNE-2 via reducing RB phosphorylation and arresting cell cycle. Combination regimens of palbociclib plus radiation were significantly superior to palbociclib or radiation only through inhibiting cellular growth and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, the antitumor activity of both concurrent palbociclib plus radiation and radiation followed by palbociclib consistently preceded that of palbociclib followed by radiation. Meanwhile, the two preferable combination regimens possessed higher proportion of G2/M phase cells, evidently inhibited DNA double-strand break repair and eventually triggered tumor cell apoptosis. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that palbociclib could provoke a strong antitumor activity as a potential adjuvant to radiation therapy for NPC harboring RB expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhe Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanzun Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyuan Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsang CM, Lui VWY, Bruce JP, Pugh TJ, Lo KW. Translational genomics of nasopharyngeal cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 61:84-100. [PMID: 31521748 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), also named the Cantonese cancer, is a unique cancer with strong etiological association with infection of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). With particularly high prevalence in Southeast Asia, the involvement of EBV and genetic aberrations contributive to NPC tumorigenesis have remained unclear for decades. Recently, genomic analysis of NPC has defined it as a genetically homogeneous cancer, driven largely by NF-κB signaling caused by either somatic aberrations of NF-κB negative regulators or by overexpression of the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), an EBV viral oncoprotein. This represents a landmark finding of the NPC genome. Exome and RNA sequencing data from new EBV-positive NPC models also highlight the importance of PI3K pathway aberrations in NPC. We also realize for the first time that NPC mutational burden, mutational signatures, MAPK/PI3K aberrations, and MHC Class I gene aberrations, are prognostic for patient outcome. Together, these multiple genomic discoveries begin to shape the focus of NPC therapy development. Given the challenge of NF-κB targeting in human cancers, more innovative drug discovery approaches should be explored to target the unique atypical NF-κB activation feature of NPC. Our next decade of NPC research should focus on further identification of the -omic landscapes of recurrent and metastatic NPC, development of gene-based precision medicines, as well as large-scale drug screening with the newly developed and well-characterized EBV-positive NPC models. Focused preclinical and clinical investigations on these major directions may identify new and effective targeting strategies to further improve survival of NPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jeffrey P Bruce
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
You R, Liu YP, Lin DC, Li Q, Yu T, Zou X, Lin M, Zhang XL, He GP, Yang Q, Zhang YN, Xie YL, Jiang R, Wu CY, Zhang C, Cui C, Wang JQ, Wang Y, Zhuang AH, Guo GF, Hua YJ, Sun R, Yun JP, Zuo ZX, Liu ZX, Zhu XF, Kang TB, Qian CN, Mai HQ, Sun Y, Zeng MS, Feng L, Zeng YX, Chen MY. Clonal Mutations Activate the NF-κB Pathway to Promote Recurrence of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5930-5943. [PMID: 31484669 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genetic events occurring in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) are poorly understood. Here, we performed whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing in 55 patients with rNPC and 44 primarily diagnosed NPC (pNPC), with 7 patients having paired rNPC and pNPC samples. Previously published pNPC exome data were integrated for analysis. rNPC and pNPC tissues had similar mutational burdens, however, the number of clonal mutations was increased in rNPC samples. TP53 and three NF-κB pathway components (TRAF3, CYLD, and NFKBIA) were significantly mutated in both pNPC and rNPC. Notably, mutations in TRAF3, CYLD, and NFKBIA were all clonal in rNPC, however, 55.6% to 57.9% of them were clonal in pNPC. In general, the number of clonal mutations in NF-κB pathway-associated genes was significantly higher in rNPC than in pNPC. The NF-κB mutational clonality was selected and/or enriched during NPC recurrence. The amount of NF-κB translocated to the nucleus in samples with clonal NF-κB mutants was significantly higher than that in samples with subclonal NF-κB mutants. Moreover, the nuclear abundance of NF-κB protein was significantly greater in pNPC samples with locoregional relapse than in those without relapse. Furthermore, high nuclear NF-κB levels were an independent negative prognostic marker for locoregional relapse-free survival in pNPC. Finally, inhibition of NF-κB enhanced both radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, NF-κB pathway activation by clonal mutations plays an important role in promoting the recurrence of NPC. Moreover, nuclear accumulation of NF-κB is a prominent biomarker for predicting locoregional relapse-free survival. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uncovers genetic events that promote the progression and recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and has potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.See related commentary by Sehgal and Barbie, p. 5915.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui You
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - You-Ping Liu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qing Li
- Novogene Co, Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Zou
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Ping He
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Nuan Zhang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Long Xie
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rou Jiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Yan Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Cui
- Novogene Co, Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | | | - Yue Wang
- Novogene Co, Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhuang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Fang Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,VIP Department, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jun Hua
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zuo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Xian Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Bang Kang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin Feng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yuan Chen
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China. .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chung AK, OuYang CN, Liu H, Chao M, Luo JD, Lee CY, Lu YJ, Chung IC, Chen LC, Wu SM, Tsang NM, Chang KP, Hsu CL, Li HP, Chang YS. Targeted sequencing of cancer-related genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma identifies mutations in the TGF-β pathway. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5116-5127. [PMID: 31328403 PMCID: PMC6718742 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately, 25% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients develop recurrent disease. NPC may involve relatively few genomic alterations compared to other cancers due to its association with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). We envisioned that in‐depth sequencing of tumor tissues might provide new insights into the genetic alterations of this cancer. Thirty‐three NPC paired tumor/adjacent normal or peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were deep‐sequenced (>1000×) with respect to a panel of 409 cancer‐related genes. Newly identified mutations and its correlation with clinical outcomes were evaluated. Profiling of somatic mutations and copy number variations (CNV) in NPC tumors identified alterations in RTK/RAS/PI3K, NOTCH, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, cell cycle, NF‐κB, and TGF‐β pathways. In addition, patients harbored CNV among 409 cancer‐related genes and missense mutations in TGF‐β/SMAD signaling were associated with poor overall survival and poor recurrence‐free survival, respectively. The CNV events were correlated with plasma EBV copies, while mutations in TGFBR2 and SMAD4 abrogate SMAD‐dependent TGF‐β signaling. Functional analysis revealed that the new TGFBR2 kinase domain mutants were incapable of transducing the signal, leading to failure of phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and activation of downstream TGF‐β‐mediated cell growth arrest. This study provides evidence supporting CNV and dysregulated TGF‐β signaling contributes to exacerbating the NPC pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Ko Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Nan OuYang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei Chao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ji-Dung Luo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Bioinformatics Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yang Lee
- Research Information Session, Office of Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Jung Lu
- ACT Genomics, Co. Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Che Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shao-Min Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Department of Radiation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Pai Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tu C, Zeng Z, Qi P, Li X, Guo C, Xiong F, Xiang B, Zhou M, Liao Q, Yu J, Li Y, Li X, Li G, Xiong W. Identification of genomic alterations in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma-derived Epstein-Barr virus by whole-genome sequencing. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1517-1528. [PMID: 30102338 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common tumor in southern China with marked ethnic and geographic distributions and concomitant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. However, the molecular basis of NPC remains largely unknown, and the role of EBV genomic variations in the pathogenesis of NPC is unclear. Whole-genome sequencing of a collection of 12 EBV-positive paired NPC tumor/peripheral blood samples from Hunan Province was performed, and the FBXO11 gene was subjected to further functional analyses. We identified 69 missense mutations in signaling pathways typically altered in cancer, including NF-κB and Wnt/Hedgehog/Notch. Additionally, 122 variations were identified in non-coding regions. Among these, a subset of genes was confirmed as dysregulated in NPC by mining the NPC cDNA microarray database. The randomly selected gene, FBXO11, could promote the malignant progression of NPC in vitro. Full-length EBV genomes from 8 of the 12 patients with NPC were also successfully assembled, and latent EBV infection is a primary cause of NPC. The various subtypes of EBV detected exhibited clear correlations with its geographical distribution. This study has explored novel biological markers and tumorigenic pathways with substantial potential to enhance therapeutic strategies for NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Tu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
An Oncogenic Role for Four-Jointed Box 1 (FJX1) in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:3857853. [PMID: 31236144 PMCID: PMC6545767 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3857853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic cancer prevalent in Southern China and Southeast Asia. The current knowledge on the molecular pathogenesis of NPC is still inadequate to improve disease management. Using gene expression microarrays, we have identified the four-jointed box 1 (FJX1) gene to be upregulated in primary NPC tissues relative to nonmalignant tissues. An orthologue of human FJX1, the four-jointed (fj) gene in Drosophila and Fjx1 in mouse, has reported to be associated with cancer progression pathways. However, the exact function of FJX1 in human is not well characterized. The overexpression of FJX1 mRNA was validated in primary NPC tissue samples, and the level of FJX1 protein was significantly higher in a subset of NPC tissues (42%) compared to the normal epithelium, where no expression of FJX1 was observed (p = 0.01). FJX1 is also found to be overexpressed in microarray datasets and TCGA datasets of other cancers including head and neck cancer, colorectal, and ovarian cancer. Both siRNA knockdown and overexpression experiments in NPC cell lines showed that FJX1 promotes cell proliferation, anchorage-dependent growth, and cellular invasion. Cyclin D1 and E1 mRNA levels were increased following FJX1 expression indicating that FJX1 enhances proliferation by regulating key proteins governing the cell cycle. Our data suggest that the overexpression of FJX1 contributes to a more aggressive phenotype of NPC cells and further investigations into FJX1 as a potential therapeutic target for NPC are warranted. The evaluation of FJX1 as an immunotherapy target for NPC and other cancers is currently ongoing.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee HM, Okuda KS, González FE, Patel V. Current Perspectives on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:11-34. [PMID: 31576537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the ~129,079 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 72,987 associated deaths estimated for 2018, the majority will be geographically localized to South East Asia, and likely to show an upward trend annually. It is thought that disparities in dietary habits, lifestyle, and exposures to harmful environmental factors are likely the root cause of NPC incidence rates to differ geographically. Genetic differences due to ethnicity and the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are likely contributing factors. Pertinently, NPC is associated with poor prognosis which is largely attributed to lack of awareness of the salient symptoms of NPC. These include nose hemorrhage and headaches and coupled with detection and the limited therapeutic options. Treatment options include radiotherapy or chemotherapy or combination of both. Surgical excision is generally the last option considered for advanced and metastatic disease, given the close proximity of nasopharynx to brain stem cell area, major blood vessels, and nerves. To improve outcome of NPC patients, novel cellular and in vivo systems are needed to allow an understanding of the underling molecular events causal for NPC pathogenesis and for identifying novel therapeutic targets and effective therapies. While challenges and gaps in current NPC research are noted, some advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies targeting EBV NPCs are discussed in this chapter, which may offer improvements in outcome of NPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Lee
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kazuhida Shaun Okuda
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fermín E González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ngan HL, Wang L, Lo KW, Lui VWY. Genomic Landscapes of EBV-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma vs. HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E210. [PMID: 29933636 PMCID: PMC6070978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
: Epstein-Barr virus-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (EBV(+) NPC), and human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV(+) HNSCC) are two distinct types of aggressive head and neck cancers with early age onsets. Their recently identified genomic landscapes by whole-exome sequencing (WES) clearly reveal critical roles of: (1) inflammation via NF-kB activation, (2) survival via PI3K aberrations, and perhaps (3) immune evasion via MHC loss in these cancers as summarized in this review. Immediate outcomes of these WES studies include the identification of potential prognostic biomarkers, and druggable events for these cancers. The impact of these genomic findings on the development of precision medicine and immunotherapies will be discussed. For both of these cancers, the main lethality comes from metastases and disease recurrences which may represent therapy resistance. Thus, potential curing of these cancers still relies on future identification of key genomic drivers and likely druggable events in recurrent and metastatic forms of these intrinsically aggressive cancers of the head and neck.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Lam Ngan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wong CH, Ma BBY, Hui CWC, Lo KW, Hui EP, Chan ATC. Preclinical evaluation of ribociclib and its synergistic effect in combination with alpelisib in non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8010. [PMID: 29789630 PMCID: PMC5964240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribociclib is a specific cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) 4/6 inhibitor that induces G1 arrest by blocking the formation of cyclin D1-Cdk4/6 complex and inhibiting retinoblastoma (RB) phosphorylation. Cyclin D1 is overexpressed in over 90% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and CCND1 gene activation plays a critical role in NPC pathogenesis. This study evaluated the preclinical activities of ribociclib in NPC cell lines and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. Over 95% cell growth inhibition was observed at 96 hours after ribociclib treatment. (IC50 concentrations: HK1 = 1.42 ± 0.23 µM; HK1-LMP1 = 2.18 ± 0.70 µM and C666-1 = 8.26 ± 0.92 µM). HK1 and C666-1 cells were chosen for analysis of ribociclib on kinase signaling, apoptosis and cell cycle. Treatment with ribociclib for 48 hours consistently showed a dose-dependent reduction in phosphorylated and total RB expression and G1 cycle arrest was only observed. Combining ribociclib with the alpha-specific PI3K inhibitor alpelisib showed a synergistic effect in two NPC PDX models in nude mice. The co-treatment induced a significant reduction in tumor volume in both xeno-666 and xeno-2117 compared with ribociclib treatment alone and control (p < 0.01). In summary, ribociclib is active in NPC models and the effect on growth inhibition was augmented when combined with alpelisib. This study supports the clinical evaluation of ribociclib in NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hang Wong
- Cancer Drug Testing Unit (CDTU), Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- Cancer Drug Testing Unit (CDTU), Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Connie W C Hui
- Cancer Drug Testing Unit (CDTU), Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Edwin P Hui
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- Cancer Drug Testing Unit (CDTU), Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Microenvironment in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7020040. [PMID: 29652813 PMCID: PMC6027429 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can cause a wide variety of cancers upon infection of different cell types and induces a highly variable composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This TME consists of both innate and adaptive immune cells and is not merely an aspecific reaction to the tumor cells. In fact, latent EBV-infected tumor cells utilize several specific mechanisms to form and shape the TME to their own benefit. These mechanisms have been studied largely in the context of EBV+ Hodgkin lymphoma, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and EBV+ gastric cancer. This review describes the composition, immune escape mechanisms, and tumor cell promoting properties of the TME in these three malignancies. Mechanisms of susceptibility which regularly involve genes related to immune system function are also discussed, as only a small proportion of EBV-infected individuals develops an EBV-associated malignancy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lui VWY, To KF, Lo KW. Genomic profiles of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: The importance of histological subtyping and Epstein-Barr virus in situ assays. Cancer 2017; 124:434-435. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|