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Zhang Y, Pham XM, Keating T, Jia N, Mullen A, Laishram D, Gao MY, Corbett B, Liu P, Sun XW, Soulimane T, Silien C, Ryan KM, Ma Z, Liu N. Highly Efficient Inverted Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Vertically Aligned CdSe/CdS Nanorod Layers Fabricated by Electrophoretic Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10459-10467. [PMID: 38358426 PMCID: PMC10910441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Inverted colloidal-nanocrystal-based LEDs (NC-LEDs) are highly interesting and invaluable for large-scale display technology and flexible electronics. Semiconductor nanorods (NRs), in addition to the tunable wavelengths of the emitted light (achieved, for example, by the variation of the NR diameter or the diameter of core in a core-shell configuration), also exhibit linearly polarized emission, a larger Stokes shift, faster radiative decay, and slower bleaching kinetics than quantum dots (QDs). Despite these advantages, it is difficult to achieve void-free active NR layers using simple spin-coating techniques. Herein, we employ electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to make closely packed, vertically aligned CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods (NRs) as the emissive layer. Following an inverted architecture, the device fabricated yields an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.3% and a maximum luminance of 4320 cd/m2 at 11 V. This good performance can be attributed to the vertically aligned NR layer, enhancing the charge transport by reducing the resistance of carrier passage, which is supported by our finite element simulations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time vertically aligned NR layers made by EPD have been reported for the fabrication of NC-LEDs and the device performance is one of the best for inverted red NR-LEDs. The findings presented in this work bring forth a simple and effective technique for making vertically aligned NRs, and the mechanism behind the NR-LED device with enhanced performance using these NRs is illustrated. This technique may prove useful to the development of a vast class of nanocrystal-based optoelectronics, including solar cells and laser devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Castletroy V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Xuan-Manh Pham
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Thomas Keating
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Castletroy V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Na Jia
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Anthony Mullen
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Castletroy V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Devika Laishram
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Castletroy V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Mei-Yan Gao
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Brian Corbett
- Tyndall
National Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12R5CP, Ireland
| | - Pai Liu
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Applications, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Deep Sub-wavelength Scale Photonics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiao Wei Sun
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Applications, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Christophe Silien
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Castletroy V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Kevin M. Ryan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Zhenhui Ma
- Department
of Physics, Beijing Technology and Business
University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Castletroy V94 T9PX, Ireland
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McKeever H, Patil NN, Palabathuni M, Singh S. Functional Alkali Metal-Based Ternary Chalcogenides: Design, Properties, and Opportunities. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:9833-9846. [PMID: 38107194 PMCID: PMC10720346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The search for novel materials has recently brought research attention to alkali metal-based chalcogenides (ABZ) as a new class of semiconducting inorganic materials. Various theoretical and computational studies have highlighted many compositions of this class as ideal functional materials for application in energy conversion and storage devices. This Perspective discusses the expansive compositional landscape of ABZ compositions that inherently gives a wide spectrum of properties with great potential for application. In the present paper, we examine the technique of synthesizing this particular class of materials and explore their potential for compositional engineering in order to manipulate key functional properties. This study presents the notable findings that have been documented thus far in addition to outlining the potential avenues for implementation and the associated challenges they present. By fulfilling the sustainability requirements of being relativity earth-abundant, environmentally benign, and biocompatible, we anticipate a promising future for alkali metal chalcogenides. Through this Perspective, we aim to inspire continued research on this emerging class of materials, thereby enabling forthcoming breakthroughs in the realms of photovoltaics, thermoelectrics, and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah McKeever
- Department of Chemical
Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Niraj Nitish Patil
- Department of Chemical
Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Manoj Palabathuni
- Department of Chemical
Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Chemical
Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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Just J, Coughlan C, Singh S, Ren H, Müller O, Becker P, Unold T, Ryan KM. Insights into Nucleation and Growth of Colloidal Quaternary Nanocrystals by Multimodal X-ray Analysis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6439-6447. [PMID: 33770436 PMCID: PMC8291568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper chalcogenide nanocrystals find applications in photovoltaic inks, bio labels, and thermoelectric materials. We reveal insights in the nucleation and growth during synthesis of anisotropic Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals by simultaneously performing in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Real-time XAFS reveals that upon thiol injection into the reaction flask, a key copper thiolate intermediate species is formed within fractions of seconds, which decomposes further within a narrow temperature and time window to form copper sulfide nanocrystals. These nanocrystals convert into Cu2ZnSnS4 nanorods by sequentially incorporating Sn and Zn. Real-time SAXS and ex situ TEM of aliquots corroborate these findings. Our work demonstrates how combined in situ X-ray absorption and small-angle X-ray scattering enables the understanding of mechanistic pathways in colloidal nanocrystal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Just
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, 22484 Lund, Sweden
| | - Claudia Coughlan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Huan Ren
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Oliver Müller
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Acceleration Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Pascal Becker
- Department
of Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Unold
- Department
of Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin M. Ryan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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Zhang C, Chen J, Wang S, Kong L, Lewis SW, Yang X, Rogach AL, Jia G. Metal Halide Perovskite Nanorods: Shape Matters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002736. [PMID: 32985008 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-1D metal halide perovskite nanorods (NRs) are emerging as a type of materials with remarkable optical and electronic properties. Research into this field is rapidly expanding and growing in the past several years, with significant advances in both mechanistic studies of their growth and widespread possible applications. Here, the recent advances in 1D metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on NRs. At first, the crystal structures of perovskites are elaborated, which is followed by a review of the major synthetic approaches toward perovskite NRs, such as wet-chemical synthesis, substrate-assisted growth, and anion exchange reactions, and discussion of the growth mechanisms associated with each synthetic method. Then, thermal and aqueous stability and the linear polarized luminescence of perovskite NRs are considered, followed by highlighting their applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors/phototransistors, and lasers. Finally, challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly developing research area are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Lingmei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Simon W Lewis
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP) City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Jia
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
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McGrath F, Ghopade U, Ryan KM. Synthesis and dimensional control of CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanocrystals using phosphorous based ligands. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:174702. [PMID: 32384846 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocrystals of the inorganic perovskite, CsPbBr3, display outstanding photo-physical properties, making them ideal for next generation optical devices. However, the typical combination of oleic acid and oleylamine ligands employed in their synthesis is easily displaced, leading to poor stability that can hinder their applicability. In this work, we look toward the replacement of the oleic acid and amine with phosphorous-based ligands. We synthesize CsPbBr3 nanocrystals using an oleylamine/alkylphosphonic acid combination with near perfect monodispersity with the ability to tune the bandgap by varying the alkyl chain length. We further investigate the replacement of the oleylamine giving a ligand combination of alkylphosphonic acid/trioctylphosphine oxide for perovskite nanocrystal nucleation and growth. This combination is typical for the widely studied metal chalcogenide synthesis and in our study with CsPbBr3 yields a pure phase perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona McGrath
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Uma Ghopade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Bree G, Geaney H, Ryan KM. Electrophoretic Deposition of Tin Sulfide Nanocubes as High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bree
- Bernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick Limerick Ireland V94 T9PX
| | - Hugh Geaney
- Bernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick Limerick Ireland V94 T9PX
| | - Kevin M. Ryan
- Bernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick Limerick Ireland V94 T9PX
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Lu J, Liu H, Zhang X, Sow CH. One-dimensional nanostructures of II-VI ternary alloys: synthesis, optical properties, and applications. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17456-17476. [PMID: 30211428 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures of II-VI ternary alloys are of prime interest due to their compatible features of both 1D nanostructures and semiconducting alloys. These features can facilitate materials with tunable bandgaps, which are crucial to the performance of photoelectrical devices. Herein, we present a comprehensive review summarizing the recent research progress pertinent to the diverse synthesis, optical fundamentals and applications of 1D nanostructures of II-VI ternary alloys. Considering multifunctional applications, the different growth mechanisms of the rational design and synthesis techniques are highlighted. Investigations of the fundamentals of the optical and photoelectrical properties of ternary alloyed II-VI semiconductors via the corresponding characterization techniques are also particularly discussed. Furthermore, we present the versatile potential practical applications of these materials. Finally, we extend the discussion to the most recent research advances on quaternary alloys, which provides a possible prospective forecast for the sustained development of alloyed 1D nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Lu
- School of Physics, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, China.
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