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Trillaud F, Guzmán J, Ramírez-Trocherie M, Oropeza-Ramos L. Electrical performance enhancement of MHD microgenerators through the longitudinal shaping of the cross-section. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22305. [PMID: 38034769 PMCID: PMC10687038 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the impact that the longitudinal shape of channels has on the current produced in the flow of a magneto-hydrodynamic microgenerator (MHDMG) is studied. The goal is to find the micro-channel geometry via modeling to maximize the current output for low Reynolds and Mach regimes. To carry out this study, a 3D dynamic numerical tool relying on the finite volume method was handled with the open-source software OpenFOAM. It is the base model to study the impact of intricate geometries on the ability to produce energy. An additional steady-state 2D analytical model was also developed to check some basic modeling assumptions. Both models have been experimentally validated on the simplest flow system having a constant square cross-section throughout. The results produced by both models cross-check very well and compare favorably with respect to experimental data. Hence, using the validated numerical tool, three shapes have been further investigated, namely, progressive (linear decrease of the cross-section), arc (parabolic decrease of the cross-section), and wavy (sinusoidal shape). It was found that the arc channel provides the greatest current output for the same volumetric flow. It is therefore the preferred choice for developing high current gain and more efficient MHDMG used in micro-scaled actuators and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Trillaud
- Instituto de Ingeniería - UNAM, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J.E.V. Guzmán
- Instituto de Ingeniería - UNAM, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - L. Oropeza-Ramos
- Facultad de Ingeniería - UNAM, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Socoliuc V, Avdeev MV, Kuncser V, Turcu R, Tombácz E, Vékás L. Ferrofluids and bio-ferrofluids: looking back and stepping forward. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4786-4886. [PMID: 35297919 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05841j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferrofluids investigated along for about five decades are ultrastable colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles, which manifest simultaneously fluid and magnetic properties. Their magnetically controllable and tunable feature proved to be from the beginning an extremely fertile ground for a wide range of engineering applications. More recently, biocompatible ferrofluids attracted huge interest and produced a considerable increase of the applicative potential in nanomedicine, biotechnology and environmental protection. This paper offers a brief overview of the most relevant early results and a comprehensive description of recent achievements in ferrofluid synthesis, advanced characterization, as well as the governing equations of ferrohydrodynamics, the most important interfacial phenomena and the flow properties. Finally, it provides an overview of recent advances in tunable and adaptive multifunctional materials derived from ferrofluids and a detailed presentation of the recent progress of applications in the field of sensors and actuators, ferrofluid-driven assembly and manipulation, droplet technology, including droplet generation and control, mechanical actuation, liquid computing and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Socoliuc
- Romanian Academy - Timisoara Branch, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Mihai Viteazu Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - M V Avdeev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Reg., Russia.
| | - V Kuncser
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, 077125, Romania
| | - Rodica Turcu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Donat Str. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Etelka Tombácz
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Moszkvai krt. 5-7, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary.
- University of Pannonia - Soós Ernő Water Technology Research and Development Center, H-8800 Zrínyi M. str. 18, Nagykanizsa, Hungary
| | - L Vékás
- Romanian Academy - Timisoara Branch, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Mihai Viteazu Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania.
- Politehnica University of Timisoara, Research Center for Complex Fluids Systems Engineering, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 1, 300222 Timisoara, Romania
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Li QP, Ouyang Y, Niu XD, Jiang Y, Wen MF, Li ZQ, Chen MF, Li DC, Yamaguchi H. Maximum Spreading of Impacting Ferrofluid Droplets under the Effect of Nonuniform Magnetic Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2601-2607. [PMID: 35179906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article investigates the maximum spreading of ferrofluid droplets impacting on a hydrophobic surface under nonuniform magnetic fields. A generalized model for scaling the maximum spreading is developed. It is observed that, if the magnetic field strength is zero, a ferrofluid droplet not only demonstrates similar spreading dynamics as the water droplet but also obeys the same scaling law for the maximum spreading factor. Therefore, this article emphasizes the effects of magnetic field strength. In this regard, a dimensionless parameter (Nm) is introduced as the ratio between inertial force and Kelvin force, with an assumption that the kinetic energy mainly transforms to thermal energy. This parameter allows us to rescale all experimental data on a single curve with the Padé approximant, which is applicable to a wide range of impact velocities and magnetic field strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
- College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
- College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
- College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Youhua Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Fu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
- College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
- College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Mu-Feng Chen
- College of Physics and Electromechanics Engineering, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - De-Cai Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Energy Conversion Research Center, Doshisha University, Kyoto 630-0321, Japan
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Eißman PB, Odenbach S, Lange A. Meniscus of a Magnetic Fluid in the Field of a Current-Carrying Wire: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E775. [PMID: 32046243 PMCID: PMC7040835 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional calculations of the meniscus of a magnetic fluid placed around a current carrying vertical and cylindrical wire are presented. Based on the material properties of experimentally used magnetic fluids, the numerically determined menisci are compared with the experimentally measured ones reported by May. The comparison is made for a linear law of magnetisation as well as for the experimentally measured nonlinear magnetisation curve. Up to moderate strengths of the applied current ( I < = 45 A), i.e., up to moderate strengths of the magnetic field close to the wire, the calculated profiles agree satisfyingly with the experimentally measured ones for a linear as well as for a nonlinear law of magnetisation. At a great strength of the applied current ( I = 70 A), i.e., at a large strength of the magnetic field close to the wire, the agreement is less good than in the range up to moderate strengths. Our analysis revealed that the numerically assumed isothermal conditions are not present in the experiment, particularly at the great strength of the applied current. A control of the temperature in the experiment and the implementation of a coupled thermal model in the numerics are considered the most relevant future steps for an improved agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrian Lange
- Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (P.-B.E.); (S.O.)
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Effects of magnetic field on the spreading dynamics of an impinging ferrofluid droplet. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:309-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Ghosh UU, DasGupta S. Field-Assisted Contact Line Motion in Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12665-12679. [PMID: 29664644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The balance of intermolecular and surface forces plays a critical role in the transport phenomena near the contact line region of an extended meniscus in several technologically important processes. Externally applied fields can alter the equilibrium and stability of the meniscus with concomitant effects on its shape and spreading characteristics and may even lead to an oscillation. This feature article provides a detailed account of the present and past efforts in exploring the behavior of curved thin liquid films subjected to mild thermal perturbations, heat input, and electrical and magnetic fields for pure as well as colloidal suspensions, including the effects of particle charge and polarity. The shape-dependent intermolecular force field has been evaluated in situ by a nonobtrusive optical technique utilizing the interference phenomena and subsequent image processing. The critical role of disjoining pressure is identified along with the determination of the Hamaker constant. The spatial and temporal variations of the capillary forces are evaluated for the advancing and receding menisci. The Maxwell-stress-induced enhanced spreading during electrowetting, at relatively low voltages, and that due to the application of a magnetic field are discussed with respect to their distinctly different characteristics and application potentials. The use of the augmented Young-Laplace equation elicited additional insights into the fundamental physics for flow in ultrathin liquid films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Uday Ghosh
- Chemical Engineering Department , Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Sunando DasGupta
- Chemical Engineering Department , Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
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Subramanian SG, Chakraborty M, Tenneti S, DasGupta S. Electrodewetting and Wetting of an Extended Meniscus. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9897-9906. [PMID: 30052450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the intriguing movements of an extended liquid meniscus on a silicon substrate under the influence of sinusoidal alternating current (AC) voltages at different operating frequencies. As opposed to droplet electrowetting, wherein the droplet spreads and experiences oscillations at the free surface, the application of AC voltage to a thin liquid film results in distinct and uniform dewetting, in conjunction with augmented wetting. Image analyzing interferometry is used for the precise measurement of the film thickness profile and other associated parameters. We postulate that the classic Young-Lippmann equation fails to explain the dynamics of an extended meniscus and evince that the dynamics of film displacement could be successfully explained by considering the product of the applied electric field and its gradient, as opposed to the existing consideration of a square dependence on the applied voltage. The physics of the hitherto unreported phenomena is elucidated by developing a mathematical model, taking into consideration all of the germane forces governing the dynamics of the thin liquid film. We affirm that the present study would serve as a fundamental background for a fascinating mode of liquid actuation, with inherent application potential in several existing and novel microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Ganesh Subramanian
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Monojit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Srinivas Tenneti
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Sunando DasGupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
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Latikka M, Backholm M, Timonen JV, Ras RH. Wetting of ferrofluids: Phenomena and control. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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