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Lei M, Tan Y, Tu H, Tan W. Neuronal basis and diverse mechanisms of pathogen avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353747. [PMID: 38751431 PMCID: PMC11094273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogen avoidance behaviour has been observed across animal taxa as a vital host-microbe interaction mechanism. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has evolved multiple diverse mechanisms for pathogen avoidance under natural selection pressure. We summarise the current knowledge of the stimuli that trigger pathogen avoidance, including alterations in aerotaxis, intestinal bloating, and metabolites. We then survey the neural circuits involved in pathogen avoidance, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of pathogen avoidance, signalling crosstalk between pathogen avoidance and innate immunity, and C. elegans avoidance of non-Pseudomonas bacteria. In this review, we highlight the latest advances in understanding host-microbe interactions and the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Pei H, Lin Z, Yao K, Luo Y, Tong P, Chen H, Wu Y, Wu Z, Gao J. Ovalbumin promotes innate immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans through DAF-16 and SKN-1 pathways in insulin/IGF-1 signaling. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01021-2. [PMID: 38632209 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Ovalbumin (OVA) is a major allergen in eggs and could induce severe allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, where the innate immune system works as a regulator. The mechanism of how innate immunity adjusts to food allergy is relatively well-studied, however, the effects of allergen uptake on the innate immune system remain unclear. Therefore, the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model was utilized to assess the effects of OVA on its innate immune system. OVA enhanced the immune response of C. elegans with higher survival rates under Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Moreover, sustaining OVA treatment improved the health states that were reflected in the prolonged lifespan, alleviated oxidative stress, accelerated growth, and promoted motility. RNA-sequencing analysis and the slow-killing assays in the mutants of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS)-related genes confirmed that IIS was necessary for OVA to regulate innate immunity. Besides, OVA activated SKN-1 temporarily and facilitated the nuclear localization of DAF-16 for improving immunity and health status in C. elegans. Together, OVA could enhance the innate immune responses via DAF-16 and SKN-1 pathways in the IIS of C. elegans, and this work will provide novel insights into the regulation of innate immunity by OVA in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Yeqing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China.
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China.
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China.
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China.
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Junaid M, Lu H, Din AU, Yu B, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu K, Yan J, Qi Z. Deciphering Microbiome, Transcriptome, and Metabolic Interactions in the Presence of Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus against Salmonella Typhimurium in a Murine Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:352. [PMID: 38667028 PMCID: PMC11047355 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), a foodborne pathogen that poses significant public health risks to humans and animals, presents a formidable challenge due to its antibiotic resistance. This study explores the potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus 1.3251) probiotics as an alternative strategy to combat antibiotic resistance associated with S. Typhimurium infection. In this investigation, twenty-four BALB/c mice were assigned to four groups: a non-infected, non-treated group (CNG); an infected, non-treated group (CPG); a group fed with L. acidophilus but not infected (LAG); and a group fed with L. acidophilus and challenged with Salmonella (LAST). The results revealed a reduction in Salmonella levels in the feces of mice, along with restored weight and improved overall health in the LAST compared to the CPG. The feeding of L. acidophilus was found to downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA induced by Salmonella while upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, it influenced the expression of mRNA transcript, encoding tight junction protein, oxidative stress-induced enzymes, and apoptosis-related mRNA expression. Furthermore, the LEfSe analysis demonstrated a significant shift in the abundance of critical commensal genera in the LAST, essential for maintaining gut homeostasis, metabolic reactions, anti-inflammatory responses, and butyrate production. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 2173 upregulated and 506 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LAST vs. the CPG. Functional analysis of these DEGs highlighted their involvement in immunity, metabolism, and cellular development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated their role in tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), chemokine, Forkhead box O (FOXO), and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Moreover, the fecal metabolomic analysis identified 929 differential metabolites, with enrichment observed in valine, leucine, isoleucine, taurine, glycine, and other metabolites. These findings suggest that supplementation with L. acidophilus promotes the growth of beneficial commensal genera while mitigating Salmonella-induced intestinal disruption by modulating immunity, gut homeostasis, gut barrier integrity, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongyu Lu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Bin Yu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yixiang Li
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kefei Liu
- Tianjin Shengji Group., Co., Ltd., No. 2, Hai Tai Development 2nd Road, Huayuan Industrial Zone, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Eck RJ, Stair JG, Kraemer BC, Liachko NF. Simple models to understand complex disease: 10 years of progress from Caenorhabditis elegans models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1300705. [PMID: 38239833 PMCID: PMC10794587 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1300705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are a powerful model system to study human disease, with numerous experimental advantages including significant genetic and cellular homology to vertebrate animals, a short lifespan, and tractable behavioral, molecular biology and imaging assays. Beginning with the identification of SOD1 as a genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), C. elegans have contributed to a deeper understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of this devastating neurodegenerative disease. More recently this work has expanded to encompass models of other types of ALS and the related disease frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP), including those characterized by mutation or accumulation of the proteins TDP-43, C9orf72, FUS, HnRNPA2B1, ALS2, DCTN1, CHCHD10, ELP3, TUBA4A, CAV1, UBQLN2, ATXN3, TIA1, KIF5A, VAPB, GRN, and RAB38. In this review we summarize these models and the progress and insights from the last ten years of using C. elegans to study the neurodegenerative diseases ALS and FTLD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J. Eck
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jade G. Stair
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brian C. Kraemer
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicole F. Liachko
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
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Wong CH, Rahat A, Chang HC. Fused in sarcoma regulates glutamate signaling and oxidative stress response. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:172-182. [PMID: 38007141 PMCID: PMC10872661 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in fused in sarcoma (fust-1) are linked to ALS. However, how these ALS causative mutations alter physiological processes and lead to the onset of ALS remains largely unknown. By obtaining humanized fust-1 ALS mutations via CRISPR-CAS9, we generated a C. elegans ALS model. Homozygous fust-1 ALS mutant and fust-1 deletion animals are viable in C. elegans. This allows us to better characterize the molecular mechanisms of fust-1-dependent responses. We found FUST-1 plays a role in regulating superoxide dismutase, glutamate signaling, and oxidative stress. FUST-1 suppresses SOD-1 and VGLUT/EAT-4 in the nervous system. FUST-1 also regulates synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptor GLR-1. We found that fust-1 ALS mutations act as loss-of-function in SOD-1 and VGLUT/EAT-4 phenotypes, whereas the fust-1 ALS mutations act as gain-of-function in redox homeostasis and the microbe-induced oxidative stress response. We hypothesized that FUST-1 is a link between glutamate signaling and SOD-1. Our results may provide new insights into the human ALS alleles and their roles in pathological mechanisms that lead to ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiong-Hee Wong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 104217, Taiwan
| | - Abu Rahat
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, SUNY Binghamton, Vestal, NY, 13850, USA
| | - Howard C Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA.
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Gowripriya T, Meharaj Afrin K, Paurna M, Yashwanth R, Bhaskar JP, Suresh R, Balamurugan K. Regulation of miR-61 and col-19 via TGF-β and Notch signalling in Caenorhabditis elegans against Klebsiella aerogenes infection. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106505. [PMID: 38122874 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella aerogenes, previously known as Enterobacter aerogenes, is a gram-negative bacterium typically present in the gastrointestinal tract. While numerous studies reported the pathogenicity and drug resistance of this bacterium there remains a lack of comprehensive research on K. aerogenes induced alterations in the host cellular mechanisms. In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterized C. elegans miR-61 that defines an evolutionarily conserved miRNA important for development and innate immunity regulation through Notch and TGF-β signaling pathway. We employed C. elegans wild-type (N2) as well as mutant strains, such as TGF-β (sma-6) and notch-signaling pathway mutants (adm-4 and mir-61). Our results have demonstrated that the K. aerogenes infected mutants exhibited significantly reduced survival rate, reduced pharyngeal pumping, altered swimming and chemotactic behavior. Moreover, K. aerogenes affects the healthspan by increasing ROS level in the mutants. The gene expression analysis revealed that K. aerogenes upregulated egl-30, tph-1 and sod-1 in adm-4, mir-61 mutants not in sma-6. The in-silico analysis indicated an interaction between mir-61 and col-19, which was confirmed by the upregulation of miR-61 expression and the downregulation of col-19 in sma-6, adm-4, and wild-type strains. These findings suggest that C. elegans activates mir-61 and col-19 regulation through the Notch and TGF-β signaling pathway against K. aerogenes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumugam Gowripriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, India.
| | | | - Manikandan Paurna
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, India.
| | - Radhakrishnan Yashwanth
- ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India.
| | - James Prabhanand Bhaskar
- ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ramamurthi Suresh
- ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India.
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Wong CH, Haque MA, Chang HC. Superoxide dismutase SOD-3 regulates redox homeostasis in the intestine. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.001061. [PMID: 38188420 PMCID: PMC10770732 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
There are four cellular superoxide dismutase paralogs in C. elegans . The role of these superoxide dismutases in redox homeostasis remains largely unknown. Here, we generated the integrated redox reporter rxRFP to detect changes in redox homeostasis using live fluorescence imaging. We found that sod-3 deletion contributes to oxidative stress elevation. Deletions in additional paralogs ameliorate the oxidative stress of sod-3 . Complete elimination of all four paralogs elicits the same increase in rxRFP fluorescence as in the sod-3 single mutation, suggesting a compensatory role of other sod s. Our results suggest that SOD-3 plays a key role in regulating gut redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiong-Hee Wong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine
| | - Md Ahsanul Haque
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine
| | - Howard C. Chang
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine
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Gou Y, Wang L, Zhao J, Xu X, Xu H, Xie F, Wang Y, Feng Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y. PNPLA3-I148M Variant Promotes the Progression of Liver Fibrosis by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119681. [PMID: 37298640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 polymorphism (I148M) is strongly associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of PNPLA3-I148M on the activation of hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 and the progression of liver fibrosis. Immunofluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect lipid accumulation. The expression levels of fibrosis, cholesterol metabolism, and mitochondria-related markers were measured via real-time PCR or western blotting. Electron microscopy was applied to analyze the ultrastructure of the mitochondria. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by a Seahorse XFe96 analyzer. PNPLA3-I148M significantly promoted intracellular free cholesterol aggregation in LX-2 cells by decreasing cholesterol efflux protein (ABCG1) expression; it subsequently induced mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by attenuated ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential, elevated ROS levels, caused mitochondrial structural damage, altered the oxygen consumption rate, and decreased the expression of mitochondrial-function-related proteins. Our results demonstrated for the first time that PNPLA3-I148M causes mitochondrial dysfunction of LX-2 cells through the accumulation of free cholesterol, thereby promoting the activation of LX-2 cells and the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Gou
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lifei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinhan Zhao
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hangfei Xu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yingmei Feng
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing 100069, China
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Potential Anti-Alzheimer Properties of Mogrosides in Vitamin B12-Deficient Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041826. [PMID: 36838815 PMCID: PMC9961707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to oxidative stress, which is known to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mogrosides are plant-derived triterpene glycosides that exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in animal cell lines and mouse models. Since amyloid-β toxicity is known to cause oxidative stress and damage to brain cells, we hypothesized that mogrosides may have a protective effect against AD. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-AD effect of mogrosides in vitamin B12-deficient wild-type N2 and in transgenic CL2355 Caenorhabditis elegans expressing amyloid-β peptide. Our data indicated that mogrosides have a beneficial effect on the lifespan and egg-laying rate of N2 and vitamin B12-deficient N2 worms. Additionally, the results revealed that mogrosides can effectively delay the paralysis of CL2355 worms as determined by serotonin sensitivity assay. Our analysis showed that mogrosides increase the expression of oxidative protective genes in N2 worms fed with vitamin B12-deficient OP50 bacterium. We conclude that mogrosides may exert preventative rather than curative effects that counteract the detrimental vitamin B12-deficient environment in N2 and CL2355 C. elegans by modulating oxidation-related gene expression.
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Li X, Yang Y, Wu R, Hou K, Allen SC, Zhu L, Du Z, Li B, Wang J, Wang J. Toxicity comparison of atrazine on Eisenia fetida in artificial soil and three natural soils. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109485. [PMID: 36220545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrazine has been widely used in the world and caused environmental pollution, especially soil pollution. When assessing the toxicity of atrazine in soil, most studies used standardized artificial soils, while few studies focused on the real soil environments. In the present study, three natural soils and artificial soil were selected as test soils to study and compare the toxicities of atrazine to Eisenia fetida. Acute toxicity of atrazine was determined by filter paper and soil tests. In chronic toxicity study, after atrazine exposure, the content of reactive oxygen species in Eisenia fetida significantly increased and showed a dose-response relationship. The activity changes of three antioxidant enzymes and glutathione transferase showed that atrazine had obvious oxidative stress effect on earthworms. The contents of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine in 0.1 and 1 mg/kg atrazine treatment groups were significantly higher than the control, indicating that medium and high concentrations of atrazine could cause lipid and DNA damage in Eisenia fetida. The acute toxicity results and the integrated biomarker response index for chronic toxicity indicated that the toxicity order of atrazine was: red clay > fluvo-aquic soil > artificial soil > black soil, and that the toxicity of atrazine in artificial soil was not representative of its toxicity in real soil environment. The results of correlation analysis showed that three soil property parameters of organic carbon, organic matter and sand were most related to the toxicity of atrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ruolin Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Taian 271018, China
| | - Kaixuan Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Taian 271018, China.
| | | | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Taian 271018, China.
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Zheng L, Li Z, Wang Z, Shen L, Liu J. The oxidative stress, mitochondrial pathway apoptosis, and the antagonistic effects of chrysophanol in SH-SY5Y cells via DTPP-induced photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103062. [PMID: 35963528 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the susceptibility of SH-SY5Y cells to DTPP-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the antagonistic effects of chrysophanol (Chr) on PDT. METHODS PDT photocytotoxicity to cells was quantified and determined by exposing increasing concentrations of DTPP between 2.5 to 20 μg/mL to radiation with energy densities of 1.2-9.6 J/cm2 at 630-nm wavelength. Sodium azide (SA, NaN3) and d-mannitol (DM) were employed to study the reaction type of PDT. The photodynamic stress after PDT was assessed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) assays. The apoptosis pathway of SH-SY5Y cells after PDT was studied by the determination of JC-1 and caspase-9/Caspase-3 concentrations. MTT and double fluorescence staining assays were applied to study the effect of Chr on cell survival and apoptosis rate in PDT, respectively. PI was used to detect the effect of Chr on cell membrane integrity after DTPP-PDT treatment. RESULTS The dose-dependent killing effect of high DTPP concentrations and irradiation doses were identified. Cell apoptosis is mediated by a mitochondrial pathway with a total apoptosis rate of 33.8% at 10 μg/mL of DTPP after irradiation with 2.4 J/cm2. Oxidative stress was produced by ROS in PDT and non-reversible cell oxidative damage appeared due to the cells' modulation of the oxidative stress balance during the PDT response. Chr had a- effect on ROS capture and an inhibitory effect on the PDT-induced destruction of cell membranes. CONCLUSIONS SH-SY5Y cells were susceptible to DTPP-PDT, resulting in a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. There is an antagonistic effect of Chr on PDT in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Lixia Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
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12
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Lalrinkima H, Jacob SS, Raina OK, Chandra D, Lalawmpuii K, Lalchhandama C, Behera P, Tolenkhomba TC. Superoxide dismutase inhibits cytotoxic killing of Fasciola gigantica newly excysted juveniles expressed by sheep invitro. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108369. [PMID: 36058254 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica faces a series of threats from various free radicals produced by the host immune system during its invasion through the abdominal cavity and establishment in the bile duct of ruminants, limiting the fluke viability. The role of the superoxide radical produced by Muzaffarnagari sheep immune effector cells against F. gigantica newly excysted juveniles (NEJs) is highlighted in this study, as is the critical role of superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) in dismutation of superoxide radicals derived from host immune effector cells in vitro. Three concentrations of the ovine immune effector cells viz. 2.5, 5, and 10 × 106 cells were tested for their ability to induced cytotoxic killing of the parasite. All the three cell concentrations caused significant (p < 0.01) cytotoxic killing of NEJs in comparison to the control groups. Also, reduction of the immune effector cell concentration directly correlates with the NEJs killing. Attachment of immune effector cells to the parasite tegument in the presence of anti-F. gigantica antibodies was found to be critical in inducing NEJs killing via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, the addition of SOD greatly inhibits cytotoxic killing of NEJs, demonstrating the importance of SOD enzyme in fluke survival and parasite evasion of the host immunity. Thus, F. gigantica SOD warrants a promising candidate for immunoprophylactic studies in ruminants against the tropical liver fluke.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lalrinkima
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India; ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - S S Jacob
- ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; ICAR-NIVEDI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - O K Raina
- ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Chandra
- ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Lalawmpuii
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - C Lalchhandama
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - P Behera
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - T C Tolenkhomba
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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13
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Lalsiamthara J, Aballay A. The gut efflux pump MRP-1 exports oxidized glutathione as a danger signal that stimulates behavioral immunity and aversive learning. Commun Biol 2022; 5:422. [PMID: 35513700 PMCID: PMC9072357 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune surveillance, which monitors the presence of potentially harmful microorganisms and the perturbations of host physiology that occur in response to infections, is critical to distinguish pathogens from beneficial microbes. Here, we show that multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP-1) functions in the basolateral membrane of intestinal cells to transport byproducts of cellular redox reactions to control both molecular and behavioral immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection disrupts glutathione homeostasis, leading to the excess production of the MRP-1 substrate, oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Extracellular GSSG triggers pathogen avoidance behavior and primes naïve C. elegans to induce aversive learning behavior via neural NMDA class glutamate receptor-1 (NMR-1). Our results indicate that MRP-1 transports GSSG, which acts as a danger signal capable of warning C. elegans of changes in intestinal homeostasis, thereby initiating a gut neural signal that elicits an appropriate host defense response. The multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP-1) functions in the basolateral membrane of intestinal cells to transport byproducts of cellular redox reactions to control both molecular and behavioral immunity in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon, OR, 97239, USA.
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14
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Yu CY, Chang HC. Glutamate signaling mediates C. elegans behavioral plasticity to pathogens. iScience 2022; 25:103919. [PMID: 35252815 PMCID: PMC8889136 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Howard C. Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
- Corresponding author
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15
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Liao L, Zhang Y, Fang B, Fu Y. Novel antioxidant peptides from Yak bones collagen enhanced the capacities of antiaging and antioxidant in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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16
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Imataka G, Yui K, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y, Sasaki H, Shiroki R, Yoshihara S. Urinary and Plasma Antioxidants in Behavioral Symptoms of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:684445. [PMID: 34539458 PMCID: PMC8446379 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.684445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress-induced free radicals may be crucial in the pathophysiological development factor of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We measured the following urinary and plasma biomarker levels of oxidative stress and antioxidants. As urinary biomarkers, (1) hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), which is a new biomarker of oxidative stress, (2) the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and (3) 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as a product of oxidative modifications to DNA; and the plasma levels of (4) the antioxidant protein superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is the crucial defense again oxygen reactive species, and (5) transferrin and (6) ceruloplasmin, which are biomarkers of iron and copper neurotransmission and oxidant-antioxidant systems. We examined the relationship between these urinary and plasma biomarkers and behavioral symptoms in 19 individuals with ASD (mean age, 10.8 ± 5.2 years) and 10 age-matched healthy controls (mean age, 14.2 ± 7.0 years). Behavioral symptoms were estimated using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). Urinary TAC levels were significantly lower, whereas urinary HEL levels were significantly increased in the ASD group as compared with the control group. The five ABC subscale and total scores were significantly raised in the autism group than in the control group. The results of a linear regression analysis revealed that plasma SOD levels may be a more accurate predictor of differences in ABC scores between individuals with ASD and control individuals. The present study firstly revealed the important findings that the cooperation between the urinary antioxidant TAC and plasma SOD levels may contribute to the ABC subscale scores of stereotypy. Urinary TAC activity and antioxidant protein SOD may be associated with incomplete mineral body store and antioxidant-related transcription factor and browning reactions. Consequently, a critical imbalance between TAC urinary levels and plasma SOD levels may be an important contributor to autistic behavioral symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Imataka
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Kunio Yui
- Department of Urology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sasaki
- Department of Urology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shiroki
- Department of Urology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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17
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Abstract
With a nervous system that has only a few hundred neurons, Caenorhabditis elegans was initially not regarded as a model for studies on learning. However, the collective effort of the C. elegans field in the past several decades has shown that the worm displays plasticity in its behavioral response to a wide range of sensory cues in the environment. As a bacteria-feeding worm, C. elegans is highly adaptive to the bacteria enriched in its habitat, especially those that are pathogenic and pose a threat to survival. It uses several common forms of behavioral plasticity that last for different amounts of time, including imprinting and adult-stage associative learning, to modulate its interactions with pathogenic bacteria. Probing the molecular, cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying these forms of experience-dependent plasticity has identified signaling pathways and regulatory insights that are conserved in more complex animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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Manjarrez JR, Mailler R. Stress and timing associated with Caenorhabditis elegans immobilization methods. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04263. [PMID: 32671240 PMCID: PMC7339059 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism used to study gene, protein, and cell influence on function and behavior. These studies frequently require C. elegans to be immobilized for imaging or laser ablation experiments. There are a number of known techniques for immobilizing worms, but to our knowledge, there are no comprehensive studies of the various agents in common use today. New method This study determines the relationship between concentration, immobilization time, exposure time, and recovery likelihood for several immobilization agents. The agents used in this study are 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, levamisole, sodium azide, polystyrene beads, and environmental cold shock. These tests are conducted using a humidified chamber to keep chemical concentrations consistent. Each of these agents is also tested to determine if they exhibit stress-related after effects using the gcs-1, daf-16, hsp-4, hif-1, hsp-16.2, and tmem-135 stress reporters. Results We present a range of quick mount immobilization and recovery conditions for each agent tested. This study shows that, under controlled conditions, 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol shows significant stress from the daf-16 reporter. While 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol and sodium azide both create stress related after effects with long term recovery in the case of the hsp-16.2 reporter. Comparison with existing method(s) This study shows that commonly used concentrations of immobilizing agents are ineffective when evaporation is prevented. Conclusions To improve reproducibility of results it is essential to use consistent concentrations of immobilizing agents. It is also critically important to account for stress-related after effects elicited by immobilization agents when designing any experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Mailler
- University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
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19
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Schiffer JA, Servello FA, Heath WR, Amrit FRG, Stumbur SV, Eder M, Martin OMF, Johnsen SB, Stanley JA, Tam H, Brennan SJ, McGowan NG, Vogelaar AL, Xu Y, Serkin WT, Ghazi A, Stroustrup N, Apfeld J. Caenorhabditis elegans processes sensory information to choose between freeloading and self-defense strategies. eLife 2020; 9:e56186. [PMID: 32367802 PMCID: PMC7213980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is the preeminent chemical weapon that organisms use for combat. Individual cells rely on conserved defenses to prevent and repair peroxide-induced damage, but whether similar defenses might be coordinated across cells in animals remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a neuronal circuit in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that processes information perceived by two sensory neurons to control the induction of hydrogen peroxide defenses in the organism. We found that catalases produced by Escherichia coli, the nematode's food source, can deplete hydrogen peroxide from the local environment and thereby protect the nematodes. In the presence of E. coli, the nematode's neurons signal via TGFβ-insulin/IGF1 relay to target tissues to repress expression of catalases and other hydrogen peroxide defenses. This adaptive strategy is the first example of a multicellular organism modulating its defenses when it expects to freeload from the protection provided by molecularly orthologous defenses from another species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William R Heath
- Biology Department, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | | | | | - Matthias Eder
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Olivier MF Martin
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sean B Johnsen
- Biology Department, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | | | - Hannah Tam
- Biology Department, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Sarah J Brennan
- Biology Department, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | | | | | - Yuyan Xu
- Biology Department, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | | | - Arjumand Ghazi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Nicholas Stroustrup
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier Apfeld
- Biology Department, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
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20
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Anderson A, McMullan R. Neuronal and non-neuronal signals regulate Caernorhabditis elegans avoidance of contaminated food. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0255. [PMID: 29866922 PMCID: PMC6000145 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One way in which animals minimize the risk of infection is to reduce their contact with contaminated food. Here, we establish a model of pathogen-contaminated food avoidance using the nematode worm Caernorhabditis elegans. We find that avoidance of pathogen-contaminated food protects C. elegans from the deleterious effects of infection and, using genetic approaches, demonstrate that multiple sensory neurons are required for this avoidance behaviour. In addition, our results reveal that the avoidance of contaminated food requires bacterial adherence to non-neuronal cells in the tail of C. elegans that are also required for the cellular immune response. Previous studies in C. elegans have contributed significantly to our understanding of molecular and cellular basis of host–pathogen interactions and our model provides a unique opportunity to gain basic insights into how animals avoid contaminated food. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Evolution of pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Anderson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rachel McMullan
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire MK7 2AA, UK
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21
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Neuron-specific regulation of superoxide dismutase amid pathogen-induced gut dysbiosis. Redox Biol 2018; 17:377-385. [PMID: 29857312 PMCID: PMC6007053 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that converts superoxide into less-toxic hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, has been shown to mediate behavioral response to pathogens. However, it remains largely unknown how superoxide dismutase is regulated in the nervous system amid pathogen-induced gut dysbiosis. Although there are five superoxide dismutases in C. elegans, our genetic analyses suggest that SOD-1 is the primary superoxide dismutase to mediate the pathogen avoidance response. When C. elegans are fed a P. aeruginosa diet, the lack of SOD-1 contributes to enhanced lethality. We found that guanylyl cyclases GCY-5 and GCY-22 and neuropeptide receptor NPR-1 act antagonistically to regulate SOD-1 expression in the gustatory neuron ASER. After C. elegans ingests a diet that contributes to high levels of oxidative stress, the temporal regulation of SOD-1 and the SOD-1–dependent response in the gustatory system demonstrates a sophisticated mechanism to fine-tune behavioral plasticity. Our results may provide the initial glimpse of a strategy by which a multicellular organism copes with oxidative stress amid gut dysbiosis.
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22
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Wang Y, Branicky R, Noë A, Hekimi S. Superoxide dismutases: Dual roles in controlling ROS damage and regulating ROS signaling. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1915-1928. [PMID: 29669742 PMCID: PMC5987716 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 930] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wang et al. review the dual role of superoxide dismutases in controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and regulating ROS signaling across model systems as well as their involvement in human diseases. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are universal enzymes of organisms that live in the presence of oxygen. They catalyze the conversion of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide anions are the intended product of dedicated signaling enzymes as well as the byproduct of several metabolic processes including mitochondrial respiration. Through their activity, SOD enzymes control the levels of a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species, thus both limiting the potential toxicity of these molecules and controlling broad aspects of cellular life that are regulated by their signaling functions. All aerobic organisms have multiple SOD proteins targeted to different cellular and subcellular locations, reflecting the slow diffusion and multiple sources of their substrate superoxide. This compartmentalization also points to the need for fine local control of ROS signaling and to the possibility for ROS to signal between compartments. In this review, we discuss studies in model organisms and humans, which reveal the dual roles of SOD enzymes in controlling damage and regulating signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robyn Branicky
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alycia Noë
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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