1
|
Yin D, Liu W, Zhang M, Da H. Coexistence of giant Goos-Hänchen shift and high reflectance in Dirac semimetal based multilayered structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10974-10981. [PMID: 38526392 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Bulk Dirac semimetals (BDSs) possess Fermi energy dependent optical parameters, providing unprecedented opportunities for the study of the controllable Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift. However, the enhancement of GH shifts often comes at the cost of the reflectance in the previous BDS-based structures, which hinders their practical application. In this work, we theoretically present the investigation of the GH shift in a multilayered structure composed of one BDS film and a symmetric one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) with a defect layer. We demonstrate that this well-designed structure supports a large GH shift at the specific working wavelength, whose magnitude can be enhanced up to 3883 times the incident wavelength. In particular, such an enhanced GH shift achieved in this structure is associated with high reflectance (0.94) and these remarkable features can be attributed to the sharp change in the reflective phase and the destructive interference that occurs between the simultaneously excited optical Tamm state (OTS) at the BDS/1DPC interface and the defect state at the 1D defected PC. In addition, we also explore the manipulation of the GH shift by adjusting the Fermi energy of the BDS as well as the geometrical parameter of the multilayered structure. Our results provide a new approach for realizing an enhanced and controllable GH shift in a BDS-based multilayered structure, which endows it with promising prospects for application in optical sensors, optical detectors and beam controllers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dekang Yin
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro-Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro-Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro-Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haixia Da
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro-Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meng F, Cao L, Karalis A, Gu H, Thomson MD, Roskos HG. Strong coupling of plasmonic bright and dark modes with two eigenmodes of a photonic crystal cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:39624-39637. [PMID: 38041279 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Dark modes represent a class of forbidden transitions or transitions with weak dipole moments between energy states. Due to their low transition probability, it is difficult to realize their interaction with light, let alone achieve the strong interaction of the modes with the photons in a cavity. However, by mutual coupling with a bright mode, the strong interaction of dark modes with photons is possible. This type of mediated interaction is widely investigated in the metamaterials community and is known under the term electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Here, we report strong coupling between a plasmonic dark mode of an EIT-like metamaterial with the photons of a 1D photonic crystal cavity in the terahertz frequency range. The coupling between the dark mode and the cavity photons is mediated by a plasmonic bright mode, which is proven by the observation of a frequency splitting which depends on the strength of the inductive interaction between the plasmon bright and dark modes of the EIT-like metamaterial. In addition, since the plasmonic dark mode strongly couples with the cavity dark mode, we observes four polariton modes. The frequency splitting by interaction of the four modes (plasmonic bright and dark mode and the two eigenmodes of the photonic cavity) can be reproduced in the framework of a model of four coupled harmonic oscillators.
Collapse
|
3
|
Farhadi S, Miri M, Farmani A. Plasmon-induced transparency sensor for detection of minuscule refractive index changes in ultra-low index materials. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21692. [PMID: 34737381 PMCID: PMC8569208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of low-index materials such as aerogels and also detection of refractive index variations in these materials is still a challenging task. Here, a high figure of merit (FOM) sensor based on plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) is proposed for the detection of aerogel refractive index changes. In the proposed PIT sensor, the transparency window in an opaque region arises from the coupling between surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode and planar waveguide mode. By comprising sub-wavelength grating (SWG) in the planar waveguide region, the maximum of the electric field of waveguide occurs in a low index media. This facilitates detection of the aerogels when they are used as the low index material (sensing material). Application of the subwavelength grating waveguide also improves the sensitivity of the sensor by a factor of six compared to a conventional structure with a homogenous waveguide. The proposed structure has a quality factor of Q ≥ 1800, and a reflection of 86%, and can detect the refractive index changes as low as Δn = 0.002 (around n = 1.0). The lineshape, Q-factor, and resonant wavelength of the transparency spectrum can be controlled by tailoring the structural parameters. Our work also has potential application in switching, filtering, and spectral shaping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Farhadi
- grid.412573.60000 0001 0745 1259School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Miri
- grid.412573.60000 0001 0745 1259School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Farmani
- grid.411406.60000 0004 1757 0173School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhattacharya A, Sarkar R, Sharma NK, Bhowmik BK, Ahmad A, Kumar G. Multiband transparency effect induced by toroidal excitation in a strongly coupled planar terahertz metamaterial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19186. [PMID: 34584141 PMCID: PMC8478916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiband transparency effect in terahertz (THz) domain has intrigued the scientific community due to its significance in developing THz multiband devices. In this article, we have proposed a planar metamaterial geometry comprised of a toroidal split ring resonator (TSRR) flanked by two asymmetric C resonators. The proposed geometry results in multi-band transparency windows in the THz region via strong near field coupling of the toroidal excitation with the dipolar C-resonators of the meta molecule. The geometry displays dominant toroidal excitation as demonstrated by a multipolar analysis of scattered radiation. High Q factor resonances of the metamaterial configuration is reported which can find significance in sensing applications. We report the frequency modulation of transparency windows by changing the separation between TSRR and the C resonators. The numerically simulated findings have been interpreted and validated using an equivalent theoretical model based upon three coupled oscillators system. Such modeling of toroidal resonances may be utilized in future studies on toroidal excitation based EIT responses in metamaterials. Our study has the potential to impact the development of terahertz photonic components useful in building next generation devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angana Bhattacharya
- grid.417972.e0000 0001 1887 8311Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Rakesh Sarkar
- grid.417972.e0000 0001 1887 8311Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Naval K. Sharma
- grid.417972.e0000 0001 1887 8311Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Bhairov K. Bhowmik
- grid.417972.e0000 0001 1887 8311Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Amir Ahmad
- grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gagan Kumar
- grid.417972.e0000 0001 1887 8311Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency-Like Effect by Dark-Dark Mode Coupling. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051350. [PMID: 34065485 PMCID: PMC8161169 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effect is a promising research area for applications of slow light, sensing and metamaterials. The EIT-like effect is generally formed by the destructive interference of bright-dark mode coupling and bright-bright mode coupling. There are seldom reports about EIT-like effect realized by the coupling of two dark modes. In this paper, we numerically and theoretically demonstrated that the EIT-like effect is achieved through dark-dark mode coupling of two waveguide resonances in a compound nanosystem with metal grating and multilayer structure. If we introduce |1⟩, |2⟩ and |3⟩ to represent the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) resonance, waveguide resonance in layer 2, and waveguide resonance in layer 4, the destructive interference occurs between two pathways of |0⟩→|1⟩→|2⟩ and |0⟩→|1⟩→|2⟩→|3⟩→|2⟩, where |0⟩ is the ground state without excitation. Our work will stimulate more studies on EIT-like effect with dark-dark mode coupling in other systems.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jabbar A, Ramzan R, Siddiqui O, Amin M, Tahir FA. Wave discrimination at C-band frequencies in microstrip structures inspired by electromagnetically induced transparency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2983. [PMID: 33536586 PMCID: PMC7859401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the design and practical implementation of a microstrip diplexer based on the wave discrimination property associated with the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect. The EIT is a quantum interference phenomenon which happens between two atomic transition pathways and allows wave propagation within a medium's absorption spectrum. Here, we exploit an analogous interference mechanism in a three-port microstrip structure to demonstrate a diplexer based on the EIT-like effect in the microwave regime. Since the transparency is accompanied by a high transmission and strong dispersion characteristics, compact frequency discriminating structures that can resolve nearby frequencies with high isolation can be devised. Our proposed C-band diplexer consists of pairs of unequal open-circuit stubs, which resonate at detuned frequencies and interfere to form the EIT-like passbands for diplexer action. The design is highly compact and scalable in frequency for both PCB and on-chip applications. A prototype of diplexer is fabricated for the center frequencies of lower and upper passbands at 4.6 GHz and 5.5 GHz respectively. The transmission zeros are designed at the complementary channels so that the two passbands are highly isolated presenting the isolation of about 40 dB. The measured insertion loss of lower and upper passband is 0.59 dB and 0.61 dB respectively. Measured input return loss is better than - 15 dB, while the output return losses are well below - 12 dB. Moreover, a decent value of about 200 is achieved for the group refractive index around the EIT-like passbands, which reveals the slow wave characteristics of the proposed EIT-based diplexer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jabbar
- Research Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashad Ramzan
- National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Omar Siddiqui
- College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Amin
- College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq A Tahir
- Research Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rahimi L, Askari AA. Ultrahigh-figure-of-merit refractive index sensor based on the Rayleigh anomaly resonance. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:10980-10985. [PMID: 33361921 DOI: 10.1364/ao.405129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate an all-metal and simple-fabrication grating with an ultranarrow band absorption spectrum in the telecom window range. The influences of structure parameters on the absorption characteristics are investigated. For the best design, the absorption efficiency reaches 94% under normal incidence, with the full width at half-maximum of only 0.17 nm. We demonstrate that this ultranarrow band absorption is the result of the dominant excitation of the Rayleigh anomaly mode. The corresponding figure of merit is calculated to be 8530RIU-1. The applied procedure has the potential to also be used in designing high-performance reflection-based sensors in other wavelength ranges.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dynamic Absorption Enhancement and Equivalent Resonant Circuit Modeling of Tunable Graphene-Metal Hybrid Antenna. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113187. [PMID: 32512718 PMCID: PMC7308850 DOI: 10.3390/s20113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic antennas are attractive optical components of the optoelectronic devices, operating in the far-infrared regime for sensing and imaging applications. However, low optical absorption hinders its potential applications, and their performance is limited due to fixed resonance frequency. In this article, a novel gate tunable graphene-metal hybrid plasmonic antenna with stacking configuration is proposed and investigated to achieve tunable performance over a broad range of frequencies with enhanced absorption characteristics. The hybrid graphene-metal antenna geometry is built up with a hexagon radiator that is supported by the Al2O3 insulator layer and graphene reflector. This stacked structure is deposited in the high resistive Si wafer substrate, and the hexagon radiator itself is a sandwich structure, which is composed of gold hexagon structure and two multilayer graphene stacks. The proposed antenna characteristics i.e., tunability of frequency, the efficiency corresponding to characteristics modes, and the tuning of absorption spectra, are evaluated by full-wave numerical simulations. Besides, the unity absorption peak that was realized through the proposed geometry is sensitive to the incident angle of TM-polarized incidence waves, which can flexibly shift the maxima of the absorption peak from 30 THz to 34 THz. Finally, an equivalent resonant circuit model for the investigated antenna based on the simulations results is designed to validate the antenna performance. Parametric analysis of the proposed antenna is carried out through altering the geometric parameters and graphene parameters in the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) studio. This clearly shows that the proposed antenna has a resonance frequency at 33 THz when the graphene sheet Fermi energy is increased to 0.3 eV by applying electrostatic gate voltage. The good agreement of the simulation and equivalent circuit model results makes the graphene-metal antenna suitable for the realization of far-infrared sensing and imaging device containing graphene antenna with enhanced performance.
Collapse
|
9
|
He Y, Zhang J, Xu W, Guo C, Liu K, Yuan X, Zhu Z. Graphene plasmonically induced analogue of tunable electromagnetically induced transparency without structurally or spatially asymmetry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20312. [PMID: 31889081 PMCID: PMC6937333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) arises from the coherent coupling and interference between a superradiant (bright) mode in one resonator and a subradiant (dark) mode in an adjacent resonator. Generally, the two adjacent resonators are structurally or spatially asymmetric. Here, by numerical simulation, we demonstrate that tunable EIT can be induced by graphene ribbon pairs without structurally or spatially asymmetry. The mechanism originates from the fact that the resonate frequencies of the bright mode and the dark mode supported by the symmetrical graphene ribbon pairs can be respectively tuned by electrical doping levels, and when they are tuned to be equal the graphene plasmon coupling and interference occurs. The EIT in symmetrical nanostructure which avoids deliberately breaking the element symmetry in shape as well as in size facilitates the design and fabrication of the structure. In addition, the work regarding to EIT in the structurally symmetric could provide a fresh contribution to a more comprehensive physical understanding of Fano resonance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen He
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Chucai Guo
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Ken Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sarkar R, Ghindani D, Devi KM, Prabhu SS, Ahmad A, Kumar G. Independently tunable electromagnetically induced transparency effect and dispersion in a multi-band terahertz metamaterial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18068. [PMID: 31792270 PMCID: PMC6889216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we experimentally and numerically investigate a planar terahertz metamaterial (MM) geometry capable of exhibiting independently tunable multi-band electromagnetically induced transparency effect (EIT). The MM structure exhibits multi-band EIT effect due to the strong near field coupling between the bright mode of the cut-wire (CW) and dark modes of pair of asymmetric double C resonators (DCRs). The configuration allows us to independently tune the transparency windows which is challenging task in multiband EIT effect. The independent modulation is achieved by displacing one DCR with respect to the CW, while keeping the other asymmetric DCR fixed. We further examine steep dispersive behavior of the transmission spectra within the transparency windows and analyze slow light properties. A coupled harmonic oscillator based theoretical model is employed to elucidate as well as understand the experimental and numerical observations. The study can be highly significant in the development of multi-band slow light devices, buffers and modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Dipa Ghindani
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Navy Nagar, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Koijam Monika Devi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - S S Prabhu
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Navy Nagar, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Amir Ahmad
- College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Gagan Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kagami H, Amemiya T, Tanaka M, Wang Y, Nishiyama N, Arai S. Metamaterial infrared refractometer for determining broadband complex refractive index. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:28879-28890. [PMID: 31684632 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.028879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infrared refractive index is an indispensable parameter for various fields including infrared photonics. To date, critical-angle refractometers, V-block refractometers, and spectroscopic ellipsometry have been commonly used to measure the refractive index. Although every method has an accuracy of four decimal places for the refractive index, a measurable wavelength region is limited up to about 2 µm. In this study, we demonstrated a metamaterial infrared refractometer for determining broadband complex refractive index. Using the device, a broadband (40-120 THz; wavelength 2.5-7.5 µm) and high-precision(< 5 ×10-3) complex refractive index of polymethyl methacrylate was measured for the first time.
Collapse
|
12
|
Du B, Li Y, Yang D, Lu H. High-performance optical sensing based on electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect in Tamm plasmon multilayer structures. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:4569-4574. [PMID: 31251273 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.004569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel kind of optical sensor based on the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect in a Tamm plasmon multilayer structure, which consists of a metal film on a dielectric Bragg grating with alternatively stacked TiO2 and SiO2 layers and a defect layer. The defect layer can induce a refractive-index-sensitive ultranarrow peak in the broad Tamm plasmon reflection dip. This nonintuitive phenomenon in analogy to the EIT effect in atomic systems originates from the coupling and destructive interference between the defect and Tamm plasmon modes in the multilayer structure. Taking advantage of this EIT-like effect, we achieve an ultrahigh sensing performance with a sensitivity of 416 nm/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 682 RIU-1. The numerical simulations agree well with the theoretical calculations. Additionally, the spectral line shape can be effectively tailored by changing the defect layer thickness, significantly promoting the dimensionless FOM from 0.76×104 to more than 2.4×104. Our findings will facilitate the achievement of ultrasensitive optical sensors in multilayer structures and open up perspectives for practical applications, especially in gas, biochemical, and optofluidic sensing.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng YC, Chang YJ, Chuang YC, Huang BZ, Chen CC. A plasmonic refractive index sensor with an ultrabroad dynamic sensing range. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5134. [PMID: 30914670 PMCID: PMC6435793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractive index sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) promise to deliver high sensitivities. However, these sensitivities depend on the derivative of the monitored SPR parameters near resonance, so this dependency leads to a relatively narrow detection range for refractive index changes. Herein, we introduce an idea to improve the detection range refractive index through a high-contrast-index curved waveguide surrounded with an outer gold ring. The proposed detection technique, based on the output power measurement of the curved waveguide, offers a linear response over an ultrabroad range of the refractive index for a surrounding medium from n = 1 to 2.36. Meanwhile, an theoretically ultrahigh refractive index resolution (RIU) of 4.53 × 10−10 could be accessible for such a broad testing range, available for both gas and aqueous chemical sample refractive indices Furthermore, the power detection approach enables an integrated photodetector for a lab-on-chip sensor platform, revealing a high potential for a multifunctional, compact, and highly sensitive sensor-on-chip device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ju Chang
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, 32001, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chuang
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Zhi Huang
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Chang Chen
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, 32001, Jhongli, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Meng H, Deng S, Lao C, Wei Z, Wang F, Tan C, Huang X. Hybrid Metal Graphene-Based Tunable Plasmon-Induced Transparency in Terahertz Metasurface. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E385. [PMID: 30845741 PMCID: PMC6474136 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we look at the work of a classical plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) based on metasurface, including a periodic lattice with a cut wire (CW) and a pair of symmetry split ring resonators (SSR). Destructive interference of the 'bright-dark' mode originated from the CW and a pair of SSRs and resulted in a pronounced transparency peak at 1.148 THz, with 85% spectral contrast ratio. In the simulation, the effects of the relative distance between the CW and the SSR pair resonator, as well as the vertical distance of the split gap, on the coupling strength of the PIT effect, have been investigated. Furthermore, we introduce a continuous graphene strip monolayer into the metamaterial and by manipulating the Fermi level of the graphene we see a complete modulation of the amplitude and line shape of the PIT transparency peak. The near-field couplings in the relative mode resonators are quantitatively understood by coupled harmonic oscillator model, which indicates that the modulation of the PIT effect result from the variation of the damping rate in the dark mode. The transmitted electric field distributions with polarization vector clearly confirmed this conclusion. Finally, a group delay t g of 5.4 ps within the transparency window is achieved. We believe that this design has practical applications in terahertz (THz) functional devices and slow light devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hongyun Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shuying Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chaode Lao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhongchao Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Faqiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chunhua Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xuguang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ji J, Zhou S, Wang W, Luo C, Liu Y, Ling F, Yao J. Active multifunctional terahertz modulator based on plasmonic metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:2363-2373. [PMID: 30732275 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.002363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An active multifunctional terahertz modulator based on plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) metasurface under the effect of external infrared light was investigated theoretically and experimentally. A distinct transparency window, which resulted from the near-field coupling between two resonators, could be observed in the transmission spectra. Experimental results showed a phenomenon infrared light induced blue shift on the both resonator with increasing optical powers. When the optical power was tuned from 0 mW to 400 mW, the amplitude tunability of transmission at transparency window reached to 34.01%, much larger than that at the two resonance frequencies. Moreover, the phase tunability of the transmission at 0.98 THz reached to 31.35%. Meanwhile, the amplitude variation was limited to 10%. Furthermore, a coupled Lorentz oscillator model was adopted to analyze the near-field interaction of the resonances. Experimental results were in good agreement with the analytical fitting results.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hwang JS, Kim YJ, Yoo YJ, Kim KW, Rhee JY, Chen LY, Li SR, Guo XW, Lee YP. Tunable quad-band transmission response, based on single-layer metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:31607-31616. [PMID: 30650744 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.031607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effects in planar metamaterials (MMs) at microwave (GHz) frequencies. The specific MMs that were used in this study consist of cut-wire resonator/ring resonator, which achieved the dual EIT-like effects in a single-layer through the bright- and quasi-dark-mode coupling and the lattice mode coupling. In addition, by varying the distance between the two resonators, the quad-band EIT spectral response in the microwave region was obtained, and the group refractive index at the EIT-like resonance of proposed design reached up to 4,000. This study provides the design approach to the multispectral EIT-like effects and might suggest potential applications in a variety of fields, for example, low-loss slow-light device, multiple switching sensor, and other sensing devices.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ling Y, Huang L, Hong W, Liu T, Luan J, Liu W, Lai J, Li H. Polarization-controlled dynamically switchable plasmon-induced transparency in plasmonic metamaterial. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19517-19523. [PMID: 30320322 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03564d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical manipulation of plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) in metamaterials promises numerous potential applications; however, previously reported approaches require complex metamaterial structures or an external stimulus, and dynamic control is limited to a single PIT transparency window. We propose here a metamaterial with a simple structure to realize a dynamically controllable PIT effect. Simply by changing the polarization direction of incident light, the number of PIT transparency windows can be increased from 1 to 2, accompanied by a tunable amplitude and a switchable resonance-wavelength. Moreover, a coupled three-level plasmonic system is employed to explain the underlying mechanism and near-field coupling between the horizontal and vertical gold bars, and the analytical results show good consistency with the numerical calculations. This work provides a simple approach for designing compact and tunable PIT devices and has potential applications in selective filtering, plasmonic switching and optical sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Ling
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Le TT. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) Like Transmission Based on 3 × 3 Cascaded Multimode Interference Resonators. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9080417. [PMID: 30424350 PMCID: PMC6211141 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We propose a method for generating the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) like-transmission by using microring resonator based on cascaded 3 × 3 multimode interference (MMI) structures. Based on the Fano resonance unit created from a 3 × 3 MMI coupler with a feedback waveguide, two schemes of two coupled Fano resonator unit (FRU) are investigated to generate the EIT like transmission. The theoretical and numerical analysis based on the coupled mode theory and transfer matrix is used for the designs. Our proposed structure has advantages of compactness and ease of fabrication. We use silicon waveguide for the design of the whole device so it is compatible with the existing Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry foundry. The fabrication tolerance and design parameters are also investigated in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trung-Thanh Le
- International School (VNU-IS), Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi 1000, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu D, Yang L, Liu C, Xu Z, Liu Y, Yu Z, Yu L, Chen L, Ma R, Ye H. Optically Active Plasmonic Metasurfaces based on the Hybridization of In-Plane Coupling and Out-of-Plane Coupling. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:144. [PMID: 29748920 PMCID: PMC5945566 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metasurfaces have attracted much attention in recent years owing to many promising prospects of applications such as polarization switching, local electric field enhancement (FE), near-perfect absorption, sensing, slow-light devices, and nanoantennas. However, many problems in these applications, like only gigahertz switching speeds of electro-optical switches, low-quality factor (Q) of plasmonic resonances, and relatively low figure of merit (FOM) of sensing, severely limit the further development of plasmonic metasurface. Besides, working as nanoantennas, it is also challenging to realize both local electric FE exceeding 100 and near-perfect absorption above 99%. Here, using finite element method and finite difference time domain methods respectively, we firstly report a novel optically tunable plasmonic metasurface based on the hybridization of in-plane near-field coupling and out-of-plane near-field coupling, which provides a good solution to these serious and urgent problems. A physical phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency is obtained by the destructive interference between two plasmon modes. At the same time, ultrasharp perfect absorption peaks with ultra-high Q-factor (221.43) is achieved around 1550 nm, which can lead to an ultra-high FOM (214.29) in sensing application. Particularly, by using indium-doped CdO, this metasurface is also firstly demonstrated to be a femtosecond optical reflective polarizer in near-infrared region, possessing an ultra-high polarization extinction ratio. Meanwhile, operating as nanoantennas, this metasurface achieves simultaneously strong local electric FE(|Eloc|/|E0| > 100) and a near-perfect absorption above 99.9% for the first time, which will benefit a wide range of applications including photocatalytic water splitting and surface-enhanced infrared absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Zenghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Yumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Zhongyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Han Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin YS, Chen W. Perfect meta-absorber by using pod-like nanostructures with ultra-broadband, omnidirectional, and polarization-independent characteristics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7150. [PMID: 29740125 PMCID: PMC5940756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The on-chip perfect meta-absorber (PMA) is an important optical and thermal energy component in photovoltaics, thermal emitters, and energy harvesting applications. However, most reported PMAs rely on the complicated lithography techniques, which imposed a serious cost barrier on the development of practical applications, especially in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range and at very large scales. Importantly, it is hard to realize PMA in the UV wavelength range by using current lithography techniques. In this article, we develop an ultra-broadband PMA by using natural lithography (NL) technique. The morphology of proposed PMA is randomly distributed pod-like nanostructures composed of a nanocomposite (Au/SiO2) covered a gold layer. It can be formed easily on Si substrate to function as an ultra-broadband, omnidirectional, and polarization-independent PMA by controlling the conditions of sputtering deposition and thermal annealing treatment. We experimentally realized an on-chip ultra-broadband PMA with almost 100% absorption spanned from UV-visible to NIR wavelength ranges. This cost-effective and high-efficiency approach would release the manufacturing barrier for previously reported PMAs and therefore open an avenue to the development of effectively energy harvesting, energy recycling, and heat liberation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Wenjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu D, Liu C, Liu Y, Xu Z, Yu Z, Yu L, Chen L, Ma R, Zhang J, Ye H. Numerical study of a wide-angle polarization-independent ultra-broadband efficient selective metamaterial absorber for near-ideal solar thermal energy conversion. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21054-21064. [PMID: 35539953 PMCID: PMC9080943 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient solar absorption is very promising for many practical applications, such as power generation, desalination, wastewater treatment and steam generation. Nevertheless, so far, near-ideal solar thermal energy conversion is still difficult to achieve, which requires a near-perfect absorption from the UV to the near-infrared region and meanwhile a mid-and-far infrared absorption close to zero. Here, by employing FEM and FDTD methods respectively, a nearly omnidirectional ultra-broadband efficient selective solar absorber based on a nanoporous hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) structure is proposed and numerically demonstrated, which can achieve an extremely high average absorption efficiency above 98.9% within the range of 260–1580 nm. More significantly, in the respect of physical mechanism, the near-perfect solar absorption of this multilayered nanostructures is primarily due to the excitation of magnetic and electric resonances resulting from localized surface plasmon resonance at metal/dielectric interfaces, working completely different from those previously reported tapered multilayered absorbers associated with the slow-light effect. Besides, for retaining heat, a low emissivity is realized in mid-infrared region, causing a near-ideal total solar-thermal conversion efficiency up to 90.32% at 373.15 K (ηideal = 95.6%), which is particularly useful in solar steam generation. Detailed studies are also performed for higher operating temperatures, which indicates efficient solar thermal conversions also can be well maintained by tuning geometric parameters at higher temperatures. Taking into consideration of the practical application, even with ±60 degrees angle of incidence, average absorptivity higher than 90% can be still obtained in the whole solar spectrum at both TE and TM polarization. The near-perfect absorption, wide angle, polarization independence, spectral selectivity and high tunability make this solar absorber promising for practical applications in solar energy harvesting. A selective solar absorber based on a nanoporous HMM structure is numerically demonstrated to achieve near-ideal solar-thermal conversion.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Beijing 100876
- China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Beijing 100876
- China
| | - Yumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Beijing 100876
- China
| | - Zenghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Beijing 100876
- China
| | - Zhongyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Beijing 100876
- China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Beijing 100876
- China
- School of Science
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Beijing 100876
- China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Beijing 100876
- China
| | - Jinqiannan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Beijing 100876
- China
| | - Han Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Beijing 100876
- China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chau YFC, Wang CK, Shen L, Lim CM, Chiang HP, Chao CTC, Huang HJ, Lin CT, Kumara NTRN, Voo NY. Simultaneous realization of high sensing sensitivity and tunability in plasmonic nanostructures arrays. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16817. [PMID: 29196641 PMCID: PMC5711893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A plasmonic nanostructure (PNS) which integrates metallic and dielectric media within a single structure has been shown to exhibit specific plasmonic properties which are considered useful in refractive index (RI) sensor applications. In this paper, the simultaneous realization of sensitivity and tunability of the optical properties of PNSs consisting of alternative Ag and dielectric of nanosphere/nanorod array have been proposed and compared by using three-dimensional finite element method. The proposed system can support plasmonic hybrid modes and the localized surface plasmonic resonances and cavity plasmonic resonances within the individual PNS can be excited by the incident light. The proposed PNSs can be operated as RI sensor with a sensitivity of 500 nm/RIU (RIU = refractive index unit) ranging from UV to the near-infrared. In addition, a narrow bandwidth and nearly zero transmittance along with a high absorptance can be achieved by a denser PNSs configuration in the unit cell of PNS arrays. We have demonstrated the number of modes sustained in the PNS system, as well as, the near-field distribution can be tailored by the dielectric media in PNSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fong Chou Chau
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Chan-Kuang Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chien Hsin University of Science and Technology, No. 229, Jianxing Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County, 32097, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Linfang Shen
- Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chee Ming Lim
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hai-Pang Chiang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Rd., 202, Keelung, Taiwan. .,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Hung Ji Huang
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Lin
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - N T R N Kumara
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nyuk Yoong Voo
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Park JH, Kodigala A, Ndao A, Kanté B. Hybridized metamaterial platform for nano-scale sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:15590-15598. [PMID: 28788981 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.015590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic/metamaterial sensors are being investigated for their high sensitivity, fast response time, and high accuracy. We propose, characterize and experimentally realize subwavelength bilayer metamaterial sensors operating in the near-infrared domain. We measure the figure-of-merit (FOM) and the bulk sensitivity (S) of the two fundamental hybridized modes and demonstrate both numerically and experimentally that the magnetic dipolar mode, degenerate with the electric quadrupolar mode, has higher sensitivity to a variation of the refractive index compared to the electric dipolar mode. In addition, the hybridized system exhibits a four fold increase in the FOM compared to a standard dipolar plasmonic system.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu L, Dong L, Guo J, Meng FY, He XJ, Zhao CH, Wu Q. A low-loss electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) metamaterial based on coupling between electric and toroidal dipoles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11175d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a low-loss metamaterial by incorporating an electric toroidal dipole response into electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect has been achieved, which is numerically and experimentally demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Communication and Electronics Engineering Institute
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar
- China
- College of Information and Communication Engineering
| | - Liang Dong
- Communication and Electronics Engineering Institute
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar
- China
- School of Electronic Engineering
| | - Jing Guo
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement Laboratory
- Ministry of Education
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Fan-Yi Meng
- Electronics and Information Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Xun Jun He
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Chun Hui Zhao
- College of Information and Communication Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Qun Wu
- Electronics and Information Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| |
Collapse
|