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Wright S, Griffiths CA, Bendall V, Righton D, Hyder K, Hunter E. Seasonal migrations of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) in UK and surrounding waters. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2024; 12:45. [PMID: 38863032 PMCID: PMC11167799 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The movements and behaviour of mature European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) in UK waters have not been studied extensively since a series of mark-recapture experiments during the 1970s, 80s and 90s. To better understand the timing and extent of seasonal migrations, 171 mature sea bass > 42 cm were internally tagged with floated electronic tags programmed to record temperature and depth, and released in the English Channel, in the southern North Sea and in the Irish Sea. Among the 48 tags returned to date, sea bass were at liberty for 370 ± 337 days and were recovered 172 ± 200 km from their respective release locations. Most tags were recovered from beaches (54%), or via the fishery (44%). A comparison of the reconstructed tracks from returned electronic tags with the recapture locations of 237 mark-recapture returns (6.5%) from 3615 sea bass released between 1970 and 2020 showed strong overlap. Seasonal movements between shallow areas (Q2-Q3) and deeper spawning areas (Q4-Q1) were accompanied by elevated vertical swimming speeds and average water temperatures of 8.5 °C in the English Channel and Irish Sea, but lower temperatures in the North Sea. Movements between the Celtic Sea/Irish Sea and the North Sea and vice versa demonstrate high levels of connectivity in UK waters. We demonstrate that a proportion of sea bass remained resident within the North Sea throughout the year, with a strong suggestion that spawning might be occurring. These data have significant implications for the future sustainable management of sea bass stocks in UK and surrounding waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Wright
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Christopher A Griffiths
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, 453 30, Lysekil, Sweden
| | | | - David Righton
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Kieran Hyder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Ewan Hunter
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Fisheries & Aquatic Ecosystems Branch, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK
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Goossens J, Woillez M, Wright S, Edwards JE, De Putter G, Torreele E, Verhelst P, Sheehan E, Moens T, Reubens J. Elucidating the migrations of European seabass from the southern north sea using mark-recapture data, acoustic telemetry and data storage tags. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13180. [PMID: 38849378 PMCID: PMC11161488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The movement ecology of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, remains poorly understood, especially in the northern ranges of its distribution. To investigate migration patterns of seabass from the southern North Sea, we combined data from different projects from four countries using various tagging techniques. This resulted in 146 recaptures (out of 5598 externally marked seabass), 138 detected animals (out of 162 seabass fitted with an acoustic transmitter) and 76 archived depth and temperature series (out of 323 seabass with an archival tag). Using geolocation modelling, we distinguished different migration strategies, whereby individual fish migrated to the eastern English Channel (15.1%), the western English Channel (28.3%), the Celtic Sea and the norther part of the Bay of Biscay (17.0%), or stayed in the North Sea (39.6%). A high number of seabass exhibited fidelity to the North Sea (90.5% of recaptures, 55.3% for acoustic transmitters and 44.7% of archival tags). Although seabass are generally considered to migrate southwards in winter, a large number of individuals (n = 62) were observed in the southern North Sea, where spawning might potentially occur in a particular deep location along the coast of Norfolk in the UK. Our results highlight the need to consider fine-scaled population structuring in fisheries assessment, and indicate that current seasonal fisheries closures are not aligned with the ecology of seabass in the North Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Goossens
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281 - S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mathieu Woillez
- DECOD Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability, IFREMER, 1625 Route de Sainte-Anne, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Serena Wright
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Jena E Edwards
- Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1797 SZ, Den Hoorn, The Netherlands
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Els Torreele
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ILVO Marine Research, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Pieterjan Verhelst
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Havenlaan 88, Bus 73, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emma Sheehan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Tom Moens
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281 - S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Reubens
- Flanders Marine Institute, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
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Montgomery DW, Kwan GT, Davison WG, Finlay J, Berry A, Simpson SD, Engelhard GH, Birchenough SNR, Tresguerres M, Wilson RW. Rapid blood acid-base regulation by European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in response to sudden exposure to high environmental CO2. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274118. [PMID: 35005768 PMCID: PMC8917447 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fish in coastal ecosystems can be exposed to acute variations in CO2 of between 0.2 and 1 kPa CO2 (2000–10,000 µatm). Coping with this environmental challenge will depend on the ability to rapidly compensate for the internal acid–base disturbance caused by sudden exposure to high environmental CO2 (blood and tissue acidosis); however, studies about the speed of acid–base regulatory responses in marine fish are scarce. We observed that upon sudden exposure to ∼1 kPa CO2, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) completely regulate erythrocyte intracellular pH within ∼40 min, thus restoring haemoglobin–O2 affinity to pre-exposure levels. Moreover, blood pH returned to normal levels within ∼2 h, which is one of the fastest acid–base recoveries documented in any fish. This was achieved via a large upregulation of net acid excretion and accumulation of HCO3− in blood, which increased from ∼4 to ∼22 mmol l−1. While the abundance and intracellular localisation of gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) remained unchanged, the apical surface area of acid-excreting gill ionocytes doubled. This constitutes a novel mechanism for rapidly increasing acid excretion during sudden blood acidosis. Rapid acid–base regulation was completely prevented when the same high CO2 exposure occurred in seawater with experimentally reduced HCO3− and pH, probably because reduced environmental pH inhibited gill H+ excretion via NHE3. The rapid and robust acid–base regulatory responses identified will enable European sea bass to maintain physiological performance during large and sudden CO2 fluctuations that naturally occur in coastal environments. Summary: European sea bass exposed to 1 kPa (10,000 µatm) CO2 regulate blood and red cell pH within 2 h and 40 min, respectively, protecting O2 transport capacity, via enhanced gill acid excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garfield T Kwan
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Finlay
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Alex Berry
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, UK
| | | | - Georg H Engelhard
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Silvana N R Birchenough
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Martin Tresguerres
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rod W Wilson
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, UK
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Reconciling differences in natural tags to infer demographic and genetic connectivity in marine fish populations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10343. [PMID: 29985467 PMCID: PMC6037741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes regulating population connectivity are complex, ranging from extrinsic environmental factors to intrinsic individual based features, and are a major force shaping the persistence of fish species and population responses to harvesting and environmental change. Here we developed an integrated assessment of demographic and genetic connectivity of European flounder Platichthys flesus in the northeast Atlantic (from the Norwegian to the Portuguese coast) and Baltic Sea. Specifically, we used a Bayesian infinite mixture model to infer the most likely number of natal sources of individuals based on otolith near core chemical composition. Simultaneously, we characterised genetic connectivity via microsatellite DNA markers, and evaluated how the combined use of natural tags informed individual movement and long-term population exchange rates. Individual markers provided different insights on movement, with otolith chemistry delineating Norwegian and Baltic Sea sources, whilst genetic markers showed a latitudinal pattern which distinguished southern peripheral populations along the Iberian coast. Overall, the integrated use of natural tags resulted in outcomes that were not readily anticipated by individual movement or gene flow markers alone. Our ecological and evolutionary approach provided a synergistic view on connectivity, which will be paramount to align biological and management units and safeguard species' biocomplexity.
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O'Neill R, Ó Maoiléidigh N, McGinnity P, Bond N, Culloty S. The novel use of pop-off satellite tags (PSATs) to investigate the migratory behaviour of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:1404-1421. [PMID: 29607514 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A total of 12 adult European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax were tagged with pop-off satellite archival tags (PSAT) in Irish coastal waters and in offshore waters in the north-east Celtic Sea between 2015 and 2016. Archived data were successfully recovered from five of the 12 tags deployed, three from fish released in inshore Irish waters and two from fish released offshore in the eastern Celtic Sea. All three fish tagged in inshore waters were found to undertake migrations into the open ocean coinciding with the spawning period. These fish also exhibited fidelity to inshore sites post-migration, returning to the same general location (within c. 73 km, which is roughly the predicted mean accuracy of the method) of their original release site. Although the number of tracks obtained here was limited, some degree of aggregation between inshore and offshore tagged fish in the eastern Celtic Sea was noted during the expected spawning period suggesting PSATs can provide new information on specific spawning locations of European sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O'Neill
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - P McGinnity
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - N Bond
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co. Mayo, Ireland
| | - S Culloty
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
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