1
|
Maddock RJ, Vlasova RM, Chen S, Iosif AM, Bennett J, Tanase C, Ryan AM, Murai T, Hogrefe CE, Schumann CD, Geschwind DH, Van de Water J, Amaral DG, Lesh TA, Styner MA, Kimberley McAllister A, Carter CS, Bauman MD. Altered brain metabolites in male nonhuman primate offspring exposed to maternal immune activation. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:280-290. [PMID: 39032543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Converging data show that exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) in utero alters brain development in animals and increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. A recently developed non-human primate MIA model affords opportunities for studies with uniquely strong translational relevance to human neurodevelopment. The current longitudinal study used 1H-MRS to investigate the developmental trajectory of prefrontal cortex metabolites in male rhesus monkey offspring of dams (n = 14) exposed to a modified form of the inflammatory viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly IC), in the late first trimester. Brain metabolites in these animals were compared to offspring of dams that received saline (n = 10) or no injection (n = 4). N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate, creatine, choline, myo-inositol, taurine, and glutathione were estimated from PRESS and MEGA-PRESS acquisitions obtained at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 45 months of age. Prior investigations of this cohort reported reduced frontal cortical gray and white matter and subtle cognitive impairments in MIA offspring. We hypothesized that the MIA-induced neurodevelopmental changes would extend to abnormal brain metabolite levels, which would be associated with the observed cognitive impairments. Prefrontal NAA was significantly higher in the MIA offspring across all ages (p < 0.001) and was associated with better performance on the two cognitive measures most sensitive to impairment in the MIA animals (both p < 0.05). Myo-inositol was significantly lower across all ages in MIA offspring but was not associated with cognitive performance. Taurine was elevated in MIA offspring at 36 and 45 months. Glutathione did not differ between groups. MIA exposure in male non-human primates is associated with altered prefrontal cortex metabolites during childhood and adolescence. A positive association between elevated NAA and cognitive performance suggests the hypothesis that elevated NAA throughout these developmental stages reflects a protective or resilience-related process in MIA-exposed offspring. The potential relevance of these findings to human neurodevelopmental disorders is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Maddock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Roza M Vlasova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shuai Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Iosif
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bennett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Costin Tanase
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Amy M Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Murai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Casey E Hogrefe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia D Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David G Amaral
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tyler A Lesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Martin A Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Melissa D Bauman
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang YD, Shi DD, Liao BB, Li Y, Zhang S, Gao J, Lin LJ, Wang Z. Human microbiota from drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder drives behavioral symptoms and neuroinflammation via succinic acid in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1782-1797. [PMID: 38273106 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is closely related to psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the role of the gut microbiota in the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, to investigate the contribution of gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of OCD, we transplanted fecal microbiota from first-episode, drug-naive OCD patients or demographically matched healthy individuals into antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice and showed that colonization with OCD microbiota is sufficient to induce core behavioral deficits, including abnormal anxiety-like and compulsive-like behaviors. The fecal microbiota was analyzed using 16 S rRNA full-length sequencing, and the results demonstrated a clear separation of the fecal microbiota of mice colonized with OCD and control microbiota. Notably, microbiota from OCD-colonized mice resulted in injured neuronal morphology and function in the mPFC, with inflammation in the mPFC and colon. Unbiased metabolomic analyses of the serum and mPFC region revealed the accumulation of succinic acid (SA) in OCD-colonized mice. SA impeded neuronal activity and induced an inflammatory response in both the colon and mPFC, impacting intestinal permeability and brain function, which act as vital signal mediators in gut microbiota-brain-immune crosstalk. Manipulations of dimethyl malonate (DM) have been reported to exert neuroprotective effects by suppressing the oxidation of accumulated succinic acid, attenuating the downstream inflammatory response and neuronal damage, and can help to partly improve abnormal behavior and reduce neuroinflammation and intestinal inflammation in OCD-colonized mice. We propose that the gut microbiota likely regulates brain function and behaviors in mice via succinic acid signaling, which contributes to the pathophysiology of OCD through gut-brain crosstalk and may provide new insights into the treatment of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Dong Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Bing Liao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang-Jun Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Longitudinal changes in neurometabolite concentrations in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex after concentrated exposure therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:344-352. [PMID: 34920037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) due to its role in error processing, cognitive control and emotion regulation. OCD patients have shown altered concentrations in neurometabolites in the dACC, particularly Glx (glutamate+glutamine) and tNAA (N-acetylaspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate). We investigated the immediate and prolonged effects of exposure and response prevention (ERP) on these neurometabolites. METHODS Glx and tNAA concentrations were measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in 24 OCD patients and 23 healthy controls at baseline. Patients received concentrated ERP over four days. A subset was re-scanned after one week and three months. RESULTS No Glx and tNAA abnormalities were observed in OCD patients compared to healthy controls before treatment or over time. Patients with childhood or adult onset differed in the change over time in tNAA (F(2,40) = 7.24, ɳ2p= 0.27, p = 0.004): concentrations increased between one week after treatment and follow-up in the childhood onset group (t(39) = -2.43, d = -0.86, p = 0.020), whereas tNAA concentrations decreased between baseline and follow-up in patients with an adult onset (t(42) = 2.78, d = 1.07, p = 0.008). In OCD patients with versus without comorbid mood disorders, lower Glx concentrations were detected at baseline (t(38) = -2.28, d = -1.00, p = 0.028). Glx increased after one week of treatment within OCD patients with comorbid mood disorders (t(30) = -3.09, d = -1.21, p = 0.004). LIMITATIONS Our OCD sample size allowed the detection of moderate to large effect sizes only. CONCLUSION ERP induced changes in neurometabolites in OCD seem to be dependent on mood disorder comorbidity and disease stage rather than OCD itself.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dorsal striatal dopamine induces fronto-cortical hypoactivity and attenuates anxiety and compulsive behaviors in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:454-464. [PMID: 34725486 PMCID: PMC8559920 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal striatal dopamine transmission engages the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, which is implicated in many neuropsychiatric diseases, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet it is unknown if dorsal striatal dopamine hyperactivity is the cause or consequence of changes elsewhere in the CSTC circuit. Classical pharmacological and neurotoxic manipulations of the CSTC and other brain circuits suffer from various drawbacks related to off-target effects and adaptive changes. Chemogenetics, on the other hand, enables a highly selective targeting of specific neuronal populations within a given circuit. In this study, we developed a chemogenetic method for selective activation of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, which innervates the dorsal striatum in the rat. We used this model to investigate effects of targeted dopamine activation on CSTC circuit function, especially in fronto-cortical regions. We found that chemogenetic activation of these neurons increased movement (as expected with increased dopamine release), rearings and time spent in center, while also lower self-grooming. Furthermore, this activation increased prepulse inhibition of the startle response in females. Remarkably, we observed reduced [18F]FDG metabolism in the frontal cortex, following dopamine activation in the dorsal striatum, while total glutamate levels- in this region were increased. This result is in accord with clinical studies of increased [18F]FDG metabolism and lower glutamate levels in similar regions of the brain of people with OCD. Taken together, the present chemogenetic model adds a mechanistic basis with behavioral and translational relevance to prior clinical neuroimaging studies showing deficits in fronto-cortical glucose metabolism across a variety of clinical populations (e.g. addiction, risky decision-making, compulsivity or obesity).
Collapse
|
5
|
Maziero MP, Seitz-Holland J, Cho KIK, Goldenberg JE, Tanamatis TW, Diniz JB, Cappi C, Alice de Mathis M, Otaduy MCG, da Graça Morais Martin M, de Melo Felipe da Silva R, Shavitt RG, Batistuzzo MC, Lopes AC, Miguel EC, Pasternak O, Hoexter MQ. Cellular and Extracellular White Matter Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:983-991. [PMID: 33862255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While previous studies have implicated white matter (WM) as a core pathology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the underlying neurobiological processes remain elusive. This study used free-water (FW) imaging derived from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to identify cellular and extracellular WM abnormalities in patients with OCD compared with control subjects. Next, we investigated the association between diffusion measures and clinical variables in patients. METHODS We collected diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data from 83 patients with OCD (56 women/27 men, age 37.7 ± 10.6 years) and 52 control subjects (27 women/25 men, age 32.8 ± 11.5 years). Fractional anisotropy (FA), FA of cellular tissue, and extracellular FW maps were extracted and compared between patients and control subjects using tract-based spatial statistics and voxelwise comparison in FSL Randomise. Next, we correlated these WM measures with clinical variables (age of onset and symptom severity) and compared them between patients with and without comorbidities and patients with and without psychiatric medication. RESULTS Patients with OCD demonstrated lower FA (43.4% of the WM skeleton), lower FA of cellular tissue (31% of the WM skeleton), and higher FW (22.5% of the WM skeleton) compared with control subjects. We did not observe significant correlations between diffusion measures and clinical variables. Comorbidities and medication status did not influence diffusion measures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings of widespread FA, FA of cellular tissue, and FW abnormalities suggest that OCD is associated with microstructural cellular and extracellular abnormalities beyond the corticostriatothalamocortical circuits. Future multimodal longitudinal studies are needed to understand better the influence of essential clinical variables across the illness trajectory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Maziero
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, City University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kang Ik K Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua E Goldenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taís W Tanamatis
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana B Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cappi
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice de Mathis
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C G Otaduy
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 44, Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Morais Martin
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 44, Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata de Melo Felipe da Silva
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roseli G Shavitt
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Batistuzzo
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Humanities and Health Sciences School, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Lopes
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes C Miguel
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcelo Q Hoexter
- Laboratório de Investigações Médicas 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Batistuzzo MC, Sottili BA, Shavitt RG, Lopes AC, Cappi C, de Mathis MA, Pastorello B, Diniz JB, Silva RMF, Miguel EC, Hoexter MQ, Otaduy MC. Lower Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate Levels in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:668304. [PMID: 34168581 PMCID: PMC8218991 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.668304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) indicate that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) present abnormal levels of glutamate (Glu) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the frontal and striatal regions of the brain. These abnormalities could be related to the hyperactivation observed in cortico-striatal circuits of patients with OCD. However, most of the previous 1H-MRS studies were not capable of differentiating the signal from metabolites that overlap in the spectrum, such as Glu and glutamine (Gln), and referred to the detected signal as the composite measure-Glx (sum of Glu and Gln). In this study, we used a two-dimensional JPRESS 1H-MRS sequence that allows the discrimination of overlapping metabolites by observing the differences in J-coupling, leading to higher accuracy in the quantification of all metabolites. Our objective was to identify possible alterations in the neurometabolism of OCD, focusing on Glu and GABA, which are key neurotransmitters in the brain that could provide insights into the underlying neurochemistry of a putative excitatory/inhibitory imbalance. Secondary analysis was performed including metabolites such as Gln, creatine (Cr), N-acetylaspartate, glutathione, choline, lactate, and myo-inositol. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with OCD and 42 healthy controls (HCs) underwent 3T 1H-MRS in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC, 30 × 25 × 25 mm3). Metabolites were quantified using ProFit (version 2.0) and Cr as a reference. Furthermore, Glu/GABA and Glu/Gln ratios were calculated. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were conducted using each metabolite as a dependent variable and age, sex, and gray matter fraction (fGM) as confounding factors. GLM analysis was also used to test for associations between clinical symptoms and neurometabolites. Results: The GLM analysis indicated lower levels of Glu/Cr in patients with OCD (z = 2.540; p = 0.011). No other comparisons reached significant differences between groups for all the metabolites studied. No associations between metabolites and clinical symptoms were detected. Conclusions: The decreased Glu/Cr concentrations in the vmPFC of patients with OCD indicate a neurochemical imbalance in the excitatory neurotransmission that could be associated with the neurobiology of the disease and may be relevant for the pathophysiology of OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo C Batistuzzo
- Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna A Sottili
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance (LIM44), Department and Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo (InRad-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roseli G Shavitt
- Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Lopes
- Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cappi
- Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice de Mathis
- Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pastorello
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance (LIM44), Department and Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo (InRad-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana B Diniz
- Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata M F Silva
- Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Euripedes C Miguel
- Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Q Hoexter
- Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Otaduy
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance (LIM44), Department and Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo (InRad-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pazuniak M, Pekrul SR. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2020; 43:745-758. [PMID: 33127006 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a relatively common disorder seen in autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan. Many obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms can present similarly to the core features of autism spectrum disorder and it is often difficult to differentiate between obsessive-compulsive disorder and stereotypic behaviors or restricted interests in autism spectrum disorder. However, there are differences between the 2 disorders. This article is a review of the current literature with the goal of helping the clinician to diagnose and treat obsessive-compulsive disorder in a patient with autism spectrum disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markian Pazuniak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Maryland Medical Center, 701 West Pratt Street, 2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Scott R Pekrul
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, 6501 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Drăgoi AM, Pecie LG, Patrichi BE, Ladea M. Morphopathological changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2020; 61:51-60. [PMID: 32747895 PMCID: PMC7728136 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been studied for many years using several structural magnetic resonance imaging, discovering that the anomalies of function and structure of the brain are widespread, they involve different areas, structures and circuits with a complex interconnectivity. More than that, these anomalies cover all the life of a patient, from early childhood, due to variations of developmental stages until adult life. The research is highly important also because OCD has a major hereditary factor, with the phenotype variance between 27–47% due to hereditary factors. Under this paper, that follows last 10 years studies in this area, we will find some relevant findings consisting on neuroanatomic changes, the morphology findings of striatum, globus pallidus and thalamus, the blood flow circuit changes in various regions of the brain, brain connectivity and various correlations of them. Not to forget that OCD must be understand as an emotional disorder but in the same time as a cognitive disorder too. This approach highlights the abnormalities that have been found in brain regions involved in the cognitive and emotional behavior, as for example: extended temporal, parietal, and occipital regions, anterior cingulate, frontal gyrus, amygdala.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miruna Drăgoi
- Department of Psychiatry, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital for Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a relatively common disorder seen in autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan. Many obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms can present similarly to the core features of autism spectrum disorder and it is often difficult to differentiate between obsessive-compulsive disorder and stereotypic behaviors or restricted interests in autism spectrum disorder. However, there are differences between the 2 disorders. This article is a review of the current literature with the goal of helping the clinician to diagnose and treat obsessive-compulsive disorder in a patient with autism spectrum disorder.
Collapse
|
10
|
Parmar A, Sharan P, Khandelwal SK, Agarwal K, Sharma U, Jagannathan NR. Brain neurochemistry in unmedicated obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and effects of 12-week escitalopram treatment: 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:386-393. [PMID: 30973183 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to examine treatment-related neurochemical changes in 28 unmedicated obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients using 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS). METHODS We included subjects diagnosed with OCD (n = 28), each with a total duration of illness of less than 5 years, as a study group and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 26). The inclusion criteria for the OCD group were right-handed individuals aged 18 years or older who had not been on any specific treatment for OCD for the last at least 8 weeks and who had no other psychiatric comorbidity. A pre-post and case-control design was employed in which OCD patients underwent 1 H-MRS at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment with escitalopram (n = 21). Clinical assessment was carried out using a semi-structured pro forma Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale 2.0 before and after treatment. Volume-localized 1 H-MRS was carried out with a 3-Tesla Philips MR scanner. RESULTS Our data suggested higher levels of myoinositol (mI), total choline (tCho), and glutamate+glutamine (Glx) in the medial thalamus at pre-assessment in OCD subjects as compared to healthy controls and a significant reduction in tCho and Glx after treatment in OCD subjects. The mI levels in the caudate nucleus and Glx levels in the anterior cingulate cortex were significantly correlated with disease severity on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. CONCLUSION Our study supports the hypothesis of a hyper-glutaminergic state (as suggested by increased Glx levels) and neurodegeneration (as suggested by increased tCho and mI in the thalamus) in cortico-striato-thalamocortical circuitry in OCD patients as suggested by previous studies using MRS as well as other functional imaging studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Parmar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratap Sharan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Khushbu Agarwal
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hazari N, Narayanaswamy JC, Venkatasubramanian G. Neuroimaging findings in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A narrative review to elucidate neurobiological underpinnings. Indian J Psychiatry 2019; 61:S9-S29. [PMID: 30745673 PMCID: PMC6343409 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_525_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric illness and significant research has been ongoing to understand its neurobiological basis. Neuroimaging studies right from the 1980s have revealed significant differences between OCD patients and healthy controls. Initial imaging findings showing hyperactivity in the prefrontal cortex (mainly orbitofrontal cortex), anterior cingulate cortex and caudate nucleus led to the postulation of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) model for the neurobiology of OCD. However, in the last two decades emerging evidence suggests the involvement of widespread associative networks, including regions of the parietal cortex, limbic areas (including amygdala) and cerebellum. This narrative review discusses findings from structural [Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Diffusion Tensor Imaging(DTI)], functional [(functional MRI (fMRI), Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), Positron emission tomography (PET), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)], combined structural and functional imaging studies and meta-analyses. Subsequently, we collate these findings to describe the neurobiology of OCD including CSTC circuit, limbic system, parietal cortex, cerebellum, default mode network and salience network. In future, neuroimaging may emerge as a valuable tool for personalised medicine in OCD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Hazari
- Department of Psychiatry, Vidyasagar Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Delhi, India
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- Department of Psychiatry, OCD Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, OCD Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naaijen J, Zwiers MP, Forde NJ, Williams SC, Durston S, Brandeis D, Glennon JC, The Tactics Consortium, Franke B, Lythgoe DJ, Buitelaar JK. Striatal structure and its association with N-Acetylaspartate and glutamate in autism spectrum disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:118-129. [PMID: 29169826 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are often comorbid and are associated with changes in striatal volumes and N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamate levels. Here, we investigated the relation between dorsal striatal volume and NAA and glutamate levels. We additionally compared striatal volume and shape between ASD, OCD and controls. T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, proton spectra (1H-MRS) in the left striatum, and phenotypic information were collected from 54 children with ASD, 32 with OCD, and 56 controls (aged 8-13 years) in a four-site study. Dorsal striatal volume and shape were determined using the FMRIB integrated registration and segmentation tool (FIRST). Spectra were processed with Linear Combination Model. The relationship of left striatal volume with NAA and glutamate was investigated, and group comparisons were performed for NAA levels and for bilateral striatal volume and shape. NAA levels were lower in subjects with ASD compared with controls (t=2.86, p=0.005) and were associated with striatal volume (β=0.37, t=2.78, p=0.008). Glutamate levels were also associated with volume in the ASD group (β=0.38, t=2.46, p=0.018). No group differences were found for striatal volume or shape, but a post-hoc diagnosis-by-hemisphere interaction (F(2,129)=3.86, p=0.024) revealed greater asymmetry (right>left) in striatal volume for the disorder-groups compared with controls. Our findings show involvement of NAA and glutamate in striatal volume in ASD and suggest greater asymmetry in paediatric ASD and OCD compared with controls, pointing to overlapping subcortical abnormalities. The lower NAA in ASD reflects reduced neuronal integrity or impaired neuronal functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie J Forde
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Cr Williams
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Durston
- NICHE Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - The Tactics Consortium
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom; NICHE Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David J Lythgoe
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hatchondo L, Jaafari N, Langbour N, Maillochaud S, Herpe G, Guillevin R, Guillevin C. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggests neural membrane alteration in specific regions involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 269:48-53. [PMID: 28938221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hatchondo
- University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France; Clinical Research Unit of Psychiatry - Henri Laborit Hospital, Poitiers, France; DACTIM-MIS team LMA/ CNRS 7348, Poitiers University, France.
| | - Nematollah Jaafari
- Clinical Research Unit of Psychiatry - Henri Laborit Hospital, Poitiers, France.
| | - Nicolas Langbour
- Clinical Research Unit of Psychiatry - Henri Laborit Hospital, Poitiers, France.
| | - Sylvie Maillochaud
- Clinical Research Unit of Psychiatry - Henri Laborit Hospital, Poitiers, France.
| | - Guillaume Herpe
- University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France; Department of Medical Imaging - University Hospital of Poitiers, France; DACTIM-MIS team LMA/ CNRS 7348, Poitiers University, France.
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France; Department of Medical Imaging - University Hospital of Poitiers, France; DACTIM-MIS team LMA/ CNRS 7348, Poitiers University, France.
| | - Carole Guillevin
- University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France; Department of Medical Imaging - University Hospital of Poitiers, France; DACTIM-MIS team LMA/ CNRS 7348, Poitiers University, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aoki Y, Cortese S, Tansella M. Neural bases of atypical emotional face processing in autism: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 16:291-300. [PMID: 25264291 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.957719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to outline the neural correlates of atypical emotional face processing in individuals with ASD. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted through electronic databases to identify functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of whole brain analysis with emotional-face processing tasks in individuals with ASD. The Signed Differential Mapping with random effects model was used to conduct meta-analyses. Identified fMRI studies were further divided into sub-groups based on contrast ("emotional-face vs. non-emotional-face" or "emotional-face vs. non-face") to confirm the results of a meta-analysis of the whole studies. RESULTS Thirteen studies with 226 individuals with ASD and 251 typically developing people were identified. We found ASD-related hyperactivation in subcortical structures, including bilateral thalamus, bilateral caudate, and right precuneus, and ASD-related hypoactivation in the hypothalamus during emotional-face processing. Sub-analyses with more homogeneous contrasts preserved the findings of the main analysis such as hyperactivation in sub-cortical structure. Jackknife analyses showed that hyperactivation of the left caudate was the most robust finding. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in the subcortical structures, such as amygdala, hypothalamus and basal ganglia, are associated with atypical emotional-face processing in individuals with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Decreased thalamic glutamate level in unmedicated adult obsessive-compulsive disorder patients detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Affect Disord 2015; 178:193-200. [PMID: 25819113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous neuroimaging studies implied that the dysfunction of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit served as the neural basis for the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The imbalances in neuronal metabolite and neurotransmitter within CSTC circuit have been shown as the leading reasons of the OCD onset. The aim of this study is to investigate the metabolic alterations, especially the glutamatergic signal dysfunction within CSTC circuit, and the relationships between neural metabolites and the symptom severity of OCD patients. METHODS Single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was conducted in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and bilateral thalamus areas for thirteen unmedicated adult OCD patients with age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls. Quantification and multivariate analysis were performed to identify vital metabolic biomarkers for patients and healthy controls group differentiation. Moreover, we performed Spearman׳s rank correlation analysis for OCD patients to examine the relationship between the metabolite concentration level and OCD symptomatology. RESULTS Patients with OCD showed significantly decreased glutamate level in mPFC (p=0.021) and right thalamus (p=0.039), and significantly increased choline compounds in left thalamus (p=0.044).The glutamate in right thalamus was shown as the most important metabolite for group separation from multivariate analysis (Q(2)=0.134) and was significantly correlated with the patients׳ compulsion scores (Spearman r=-0.674, p=0.016). LIMITATIONS Limited sample size, the use of creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr) ratios rather than absolute concentrations and unresolved glutamine (Gln) are limitations of the present study. CONCLUSION Our study results consolidated the hypothesis about glutamatergic signaling dysfunction in OCD. To our knowledge, it is the first finding about a reduced thalamic glutamate level in adult unmedicated OCD patients. The dysregulation of glutamate serves as a potential target for the OCD pharmacotherapy and the detailed mechanisms underlying the glutamate alterations within CSTC circuits merit further investigations.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tükel R, Aydın K, Ertekin E, Özyıldırım SŞ, Barburoğlu M. 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of 12 weeks of sertraline treatment on brain metabolites. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:219-26. [PMID: 25256264 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several neuroimaging studies have investigated brain metabolite abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and also explored metabolic changes after OCD treatments using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment on the neurochemical levels in patients with OCD. In the present study, levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline, and myo-Inositol were measured in terms of their ratios with creatine (Cr) using (1)H-MRS. The ratios of metabolite levels in the three brain regions for 19 unmedicated patients with OCD, including 10 who were drug-naïve, at baseline and following 12 weeks of sertraline treatment and for 19 healthy control subjects were compared with ANOVA. In post hoc analysis, the NAA/Cr levels were significantly lower in patients with OCD at baseline than in healthy controls in the anterior cingulate and in the caudate. On the other hand, no significant differences were detected in terms of the NAA/Cr in the anterior cingulate, caudate, and putamen between the patients with OCD after 12 weeks of sertraline treatment and healthy controls. The paired t test revealed that NAA/Cr levels were significantly higher in patients with OCD after 12 weeks of sertraline treatment compared with those at baseline in the anterior cingulate and in the caudate. Our results suggest that reductions in NAA can be reversed with SSRI treatment, which may indicate an improvement in neuronal integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raşit Tükel
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34390, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Serata D, Kotzalidis GD, Rapinesi C, Janiri D, Di Pietro S, Callovini G, Piacentino D, Gasperoni C, Brugnoli R, Ferri VR, Girardi N, Tatarelli R, Ferracuti S, Angeletti G, Girardi P, Del Casale A. Are 5-HT3 antagonists effective in obsessive-compulsive disorder? A systematic review of literature. Hum Psychopharmacol 2015; 30:70-84. [PMID: 25676060 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this literature database search-based review was to critically consider and evaluate the findings of literature focusing on efficacy and safety of 5-HT3 antagonists in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), so as to test whether preclinical data match clinical therapeutic trials. DESIGN The PubMed database has been searched for papers on 5-HT3 antagonists and OCD in humans and for animal models of OCD and 5-HT3 receptors. RESULTS Of the clinically tested 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, ondansetron has been used to treat OCD in five therapeutic studies, whereas granisetron only in one recent trial. Both showed some efficacy in open studies and superiority to placebo in double-blind studies, along with fair safety. No animal OCD model directly implicated 5-HT3 receptors. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results indicate some utility, but the available literature is too scanty to allow for valid conclusions to be drawn. The mismatch between animal models of obsessive-compulsive disorder and clinical data with 5-HT3 antagonists needs more clinical data to ensure that it is not an artefact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Serata
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NeSMOS) Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, UOC Psychiatry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Roma, Italy; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Villa Rosa Suore Ospedaliere of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aoki Y, Cortese S. Mitochondrial Aspartate/Glutamate Carrier SLC25A12 and Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Meta-Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1579-1588. [PMID: 25663199 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies investigating the possible association between ASD and polymorphism in SLC25A12, which encodes the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier, have yielded inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of such studies to elucidate if and which SLC25A12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with ASD. We searched PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and ERIC databases through September 20th, 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) were aggregated using random effect models. Sensitivity analyses were conducted based on study design (family-based or case-control). Fifteen out of 79 non-duplicate records were retained for qualitative synthesis. We pooled 10 datasets from 9 studies with 2001 families, 735 individuals with ASD and 632 typically developing (TD) individuals for the meta-analysis of rs2292813, as well as 11 datasets from 10 studies with 2016 families, 852 individuals with ASD and 1058 TD individuals for the meta-analysis of rs2056202. We found a statistically significant association between ASD and variant in rs2292813 (OR = 1.190, 95% CI 1.052-1.346, P = 0.006) as well as in rs2056202 (OR = 1.206, 95% CI 1.035-1.405, P = 0.016). Sensitivity analyses including only studies with family-based design demonstrated significant association between ASD and polymorphism in rs2292813 (OR = 1.216, 95% CI 1.075-1.376, P = 0.002) and rs2056202 (OR = 1.267, 95% CI 1.041-1.542, P = 0.018). In contrast, sensitivity analyses including case-control design studies only failed to find a significant association. Further research on the role of SLC25A12 and ASD may pave the way for potential innovative therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK and the Centre for ADHD and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Weber AM, Soreni N, Stanley JA, Greco A, Mendlowitz S, Szatmari P, Schachar R, Mannasis K, Pires P, Swinson R, Noseworthy MD. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of prefrontal white matter in psychotropic naïve children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2014; 222:67-74. [PMID: 24602517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has a typical onset during childhood or adolescence. Although recent in-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) studies report gray matter metabolite abnormalities in children and adolescents with OCD, there are no existing (1)H-MRS studies that measure white matter (WM) metabolite levels in this population. In the present study, we measured metabolite levels in the left and right prefrontal WM (LPFWM and RPFWM, respectively) of psychotropic-naïve children and adolescents with OCD (LPFWM: N=15, mean age 13.3±2.4 years; right RPFWM: N=14, mean age 13.0±2.3 years) and healthy controls (LPFWM: N=17, mean age 11.8±2.7 years; RPFWM: N=18, mean age 12.2±2.8 years). Spectra were acquired using a 3T single voxel PRESS sequence (1.5×2.0×2.0cm(3)). When age and sex effects were controlled, OCD patients had higher levels of RPFWM choline and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA). In addition, RPFWM levels of NAA, creatine and myo-inositol were positively and significantly correlated with severity of OCD symptoms. In summary, this is the first published study of WM metabolite levels in children and adolescents with OCD. Our preliminary findings lend further support to the previous findings of WM abnormalities in OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noam Soreni
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, McMaster Children׳s Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Anxiety Treatment and Research Center, St. Joseph׳s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alessia Greco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, McMaster Children׳s Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Mendlowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, McMaster Children׳s Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katharina Mannasis
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paulo Pires
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, McMaster Children׳s Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Swinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, McMaster Children׳s Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Anxiety Treatment and Research Center, St. Joseph׳s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Noseworthy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Electrical & Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Diagnostic Imaging, St. Joseph׳s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aoki Y, Inokuchi R, Suwa H. Reduced N-acetylaspartate in the hippocampus in patients with fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2013; 213:242-8. [PMID: 23835064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a stress-associated syndrome with chronic, widespread pain. Patients with FM also present disturbances of cognition and memory. As the hippocampus is vulnerable to stress exposure and involved in cognition, memory and pain perception, we hypothesize that the abnormal function of the hippocampus is implicated in the pathophysiology of FM. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a metabolite that can be measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), is recognized as a marker of neuronal structure and function. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of 1H MRS studies investigating NAA levels in patients with FM. A comprehensive literature search through MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science yielded nine studies; among these nine, four studies met our criteria for inclusion. A random effect model with 51 patients with FM and 38 controls revealed a significant NAA reduction in the hippocampus. The current meta-analysis suggested a neuronal abnormality in the hippocampus in patients with FM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aoki Y, Inokuchi R, Nakao T, Yamasue H. Neural bases of antisocial behavior: a voxel-based meta-analysis. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:1223-31. [PMID: 23926170 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with antisocial behavior place a great physical and economic burden on society. Deficits in emotional processing have been recognized as a fundamental cause of antisocial behavior. Emerging evidence also highlights a significant contribution of attention allocation deficits to such behavior. A comprehensive literature search identified 12 studies that were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, which compared 291 individuals with antisocial problems and 247 controls. Signed Differential Mapping revealed that compared with controls, gray matter volume (GMV) in subjects with antisocial behavior was reduced in the right lentiform nucleus (P < 0.0001), left insula (P = 0.0002) and left frontopolar cortex (FPC) (P = 0.0006), and was increased in the right fusiform gyrus (P < 0.0001), right inferior parietal lobule (P = 0.0003), right superior parietal lobule (P = 0.0004), right cingulate gyrus (P = 0.0004) and the right postcentral gyrus (P = 0.0004). Given the well-known contributions of limbic and paralimbic areas to emotional processing, the observed reductions in GMV in these regions might represent neural correlates of disturbance in emotional processing underlying antisocial behavior. Previous studies have suggested an FPC role in attention allocation during emotional processing. Therefore, GMV deviations in this area may constitute a neural basis of deficits in attention allocation linked with antisocial behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, JapanDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, JapanDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan yuaoki-tky
| | - Ryota Inokuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, JapanDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, JapanDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aoki Y, Abe O, Nippashi Y, Yamasue H. Comparison of white matter integrity between autism spectrum disorder subjects and typically developing individuals: a meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging tractography studies. Mol Autism 2013; 4:25. [PMID: 23876131 PMCID: PMC3726469 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-4-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant brain connectivity, especially with long-distance underconnectivity, has been recognized as a candidate pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders. However, a number of diffusion tensor imaging studies investigating people with autism spectrum disorders have yielded inconsistent results. METHODS To test the long-distance underconnectivity hypothesis, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies in subjects with autism spectrum disorder. Diffusion tensor imaging studies comparing individuals with autism spectrum disorders with typically developing individuals were searched using MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE from 1980 through 1 August 2012. Standardized mean differences were calculated as an effect size of the tracts. RESULTS A comprehensive literature search identified 25 relevant diffusion tensor imaging studies comparing autism spectrum disorders and typical development with regions-of-interest methods. Among these, 14 studies examining regions of interest with suprathreshold sample sizes were included in the meta-analysis. A random-effects model demonstrated significant fractional anisotropy reductions in the corpus callosum (P = 0.023, n = 387 (autism spectrum disorders/typically developing individuals: 208/179)), left uncinate fasciculus (P = 0.011, n = 242 (117/125)), and left superior longitudinal fasciculus (P = 0.016, n = 182 (96/86)), and significant increases of mean diffusivity in the corpus callosum (P = 0.006, n = 254 (129/125)) and superior longitudinal fasciculus bilaterally (P = 0.031 and 0.011, left and right, respectively, n = 109 (51/58)), in subjects with autism spectrum disorders compared with typically developing individuals with no significant publication bias. CONCLUSION The current meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies in subjects with autism spectrum disorders emphasizes important roles of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and corpus callosum in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders and supports the long-distance underconnectivity hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Age-related change of neurochemical abnormality in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1692-701. [PMID: 23735885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) change with advancing age. However, neurochemical background of such age-related change is yet to be elucidated. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of 16 proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies comprising 270 individuals with ADHD and 235 controls. Standardized mean differences were calculated and used as an effect size. Sensitivity analyses and meta-regression to explore the effect of age on neurochemical abnormality were performed. A random effects model identified a significantly higher-than-normal N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but no significant differences of other metabolites in that area. No significant difference in metabolite levels was demonstrated in any other region. Sensitivity analysis of children with ADHD revealed significantly higher-than-normal NAA, whereas no significant difference was found in adults with ADHD. Meta-regression revealed significant correlation between advanced age and normal levels of NAA in the mPFC, suggesting that age-dependent abnormality of NAA level in the mPFC is a potential neural basis of age-related change of symptoms of ADHD.
Collapse
|
24
|
The impact of the Great East Japan earthquake on mandatory psychiatric emergency hospitalizations in Tokyo: a retrospective observational study. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e168. [PMID: 23032944 PMCID: PMC3565828 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
On 11 March 2011, the eastern part of Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 quake. About 20 000 people were killed or were missing, and a nuclear crisis followed. In Tokyo, people were indirectly exposed to the earthquake and nuclear crisis by TV broadcast. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential effect of the series of catastrophes on psychiatric emergency hospitalizations in Tokyo. Clinical records of patients who were mandatorily admitted to Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital by law because of urgent risk to self or others were reviewed. Records regarding the 2 years of investigation, which include the 6 months after the earthquake, were reviewed. The six months after the earthquake were compared with the eighteen months before the earthquake in clinical and demographic data using independent t-tests or χ(2) tests. During the 6 months before and after the earthquake, 97 and 127 people were mandatorily admitted. χ(2) Tests demonstrated a significant increase in the number of patients after the earthquake (P = 0.045), attributable to the significant increase in the number of patients with schizophrenia after the earthquake (P = 0.011, 32 vs 56), whereas there were no significant differences in the number of patients with other diagnoses between those two periods. Independent t-tests revealed that patients admitted after the earthquake had marginally significantly shorter periods of education compared with those admitted before the earthquake (13.78 vs 12.82 years, P = 0.084). This work suggests that patients with schizophrenia were more sensitive to indirect exposure to the earthquake and that a shorter period of education was a potential risk factor.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Atypical trajectory of brain growth in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has been recognized as a potential etiology of an atypical course of behavioral development. Numerous neuroimaging studies have focused on childhood to investigate atypical age-related change of brain structure and function, because it is a period of neuron and synapse maturation. Recent studies, however, have shown that the atypical age-related structural change of autistic brain expands beyond childhood and constitutes neural underpinnings for lifelong difficulty to behavioral adaptation. Thus, we examined effects of aging on neurochemical aspects of brain maturation using 3-T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) with single voxel in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) in 24 adult men with non-medicated high-functioning ASDs and 25 age-, IQ- and parental-socioeconomic-background-matched men with typical development (TD). Multivariate analyses of covariance demonstrated significantly high N-acetylaspartate (NAA) level in the ASD subjects compared with the TD subjects (F=4.83, P=0.033). The low NAA level showed a significant positive correlation with advanced age in the TD group (r=-0.618, P=0.001), but was not evident among the ASD individuals (r=0.258, P=0.223). Fisher's r-to-z transformation showed a significant difference in the correlations between the ASD and TD groups (Z=-3.23, P=0.001), which indicated that the age-NAA relationship was significantly specific to people with TD. The current (1)H-MRS study provided new evidence that atypical age-related change of neurochemical aspects of brain maturation in ASD individuals expands beyond childhood and persists during adulthood.
Collapse
|