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Dimeric Artesunate Glycerophosphocholine Conjugate Nano-Assemblies as Slow-Release Antimalarials to Overcome Kelch 13 Mutant Artemisinin Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0206521. [PMID: 35416709 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02065-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current best practice for the treatment of malaria relies on short half-life artemisinins that are failing against emerging Kelch 13 mutant parasite strains. Here, we introduce a liposome-like self-assembly of a dimeric artesunate glycerophosphocholine conjugate (dAPC-S) as an amphiphilic prodrug for the short-lived antimalarial drug, dihydroartemisinin (DHA), with enhanced killing of Kelch 13 mutant artemisinin-resistant parasites. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) images and the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique show that dAPC-S typically exhibits a multilamellar liposomal structure with a size distribution similar to that of the liposomes generated using thin-film dispersion (dAPC-L). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) was used to monitor the release of DHA. Sustainable release of DHA from dAPC-S and dAPC-L assemblies increased the effective dose and thus efficacy against Kelch 13 mutant artemisinin-resistant parasites in an in vitro assay. To better understand the enhanced killing effect, we investigated processes for deactivation of both the assemblies and DHA, including the roles of serum components and trace levels of iron. Analysis of parasite proteostasis pathways revealed that dAPC assemblies exert their activity via the same mechanism as DHA. We conclude that this easily prepared multilamellar liposome-like dAPC-S with long-acting efficacy shows potential for the treatment of severe and artemisinin-resistant malaria.
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Halawa MI, Xia Q, Li BS. An ultrasensitive chemiluminescent biosensor for tracing glutathione in human serum using BSA@AuNCs as a peroxidase-mimetic nanozyme on a luminol/artesunate system. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8038-8047. [PMID: 34486628 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01343b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a nanosensor chemiluminescent (CL) probe for sensing glutathione (GSH) was developed, for the first time, based on its inhibition of the intrinsic peroxidase-mimetic effect of BSA@AuNCs. The endoperoxide linkage of artesunate could be hydrolyzed by BSA@AuNCs resulting in the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the consequent generation of strong CL emission. By virtue of the strong covalent interactions of -S⋯Au-, GSH could greatly suppress the peroxidase-mimetic effect of BSA@AuNCs, leading to a drastic CL quenching. The CL quenching efficiency increased proportionally to the logarithm of GSH concentration through the linearity range of 50.0-5000.0 nM with a limit of detection of 5.2 nM. This CL-based strategy for GSH tracing demonstrated the advantages of ultrasensitivity, high selectivity and simplicity. This strategy was successfully utilized to measure GSH levels in human serum with reasonable recovery results of 98.71%, 103.18%, and 101.68%, suggesting that this turn-off CL sensor is a promising candidate for GSH in biological and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibrahim Halawa
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. .,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Qing Xia
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Bing Shi Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Fereja TH, Kitte SA, Gao W, Yuan F, Snizhko D, Qi L, Nsabimana A, Liu Z, Xu G. Artesunate-luminol chemiluminescence system for the detection of hemin. Talanta 2019; 204:379-385. [PMID: 31357309 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fabricating simple, accurate and user-friendly diagnostic device for "point of care testing" (POCT) applications is one of the most challenging objectives in the analytical field. Hemin detection is important for drugs monitoring, diagnosis, and forensic latent bloodstain imaging. Herein is developed, luminol chemiluminescence biosensor for hemin detection using artesunate as coreactant. A possible mechanism to account for the chemiluminescence reaction is discussed. Hemin was detected using both photomultiplier tube (PMT) and smartphone as detector. The detection limit for hemin using smartphone as detector is 20 nM, enabling the visual detection of hemin in blood sample with a dilution factor of blood up to 120,000. While PMT detector is used, the system is able to detect hemin down to 0.22 nM. In addition to high sensitivity, this sensing system exhibit high selectivity. It can successfully distinguish bloodstain from other stains while applying the system for point of care testing using smart phone as detector. Moreover, the system can detect artesunate with a linear range from 0.1 nM to 1.0 μM with a limit of detection of 0.078 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Haile Fereja
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Ambo University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, P.O.Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Shimeles Addisu Kitte
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Wenyue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Fan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China. Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Dmytro Snizhko
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, PR China; Laboratory of Analytical Optochemotronics, Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, 14 Nauka Ave., Kharkiv, 61166, Ukraine
| | - Liming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Anaclet Nsabimana
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, PR China.
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China. Anhui, 230026, PR China.
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O' Neill PM, Sabbani S, Nixon GL, Schnaderbeck M, Roberts NL, Shore ER, Riley C, Murphy B, McGillan P, Ward SA, Davies J, Amewu RK. Optimisation of the synthesis of second generation 1,2,4,5 tetraoxane antimalarials. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Jourdan J, Matile H, Reift E, Biehlmaier O, Dong Y, Wang X, Mäser P, Vennerstrom JL, Wittlin S. Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize the Alkylation Signature of Antimalarial Ozonides OZ277 (Arterolane) and OZ439 (Artefenomel). ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:54-61. [PMID: 26819968 PMCID: PMC4718528 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
singular structure of artemisinin, with its embedded 1,2,4-trioxane
heterocycle, has inspired the discovery of numerous semisynthetic
artemisinin and structurally diverse synthetic peroxide antimalarials,
including ozonides OZ277 (arterolane) and OZ439 (artefenomel). Despite
the critical importance of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs),
the precise mode of action of peroxidic antimalarials is not fully
understood. However, it has long been proposed that the peroxide bond
in artemisinin and other antimalarial peroxides undergoes reductive
activation by ferrous heme released during hemoglobin digestion to
produce carbon-centered radicals that alkylate heme and parasite proteins.
To probe the mode of action of OZ277 and OZ439, this paper now describes
initial studies with monoclonal antibodies that recognize the alkylation
signature (sum of heme and protein alkylation) of these synthetic
peroxides. Immunofluorescence experiments conducted with ozonide-treated
parasite cultures showed that ozonide alkylation is restricted to
the parasite, as no signal was found in the erythrocyte or its membrane.
In Western blot experiments with ozonide-treated Plasmodium
falciparum malaria parasites, distinct protein bands
were observed. Significantly, no protein bands were detected in parallel
Western blot experiments performed with lysates from ozonide-treated Babesia divergens, parasites that also proliferate
inside erythrocytes but, in contrast to P. falciparum, do not catabolize hemoglobin. However, subsequent immunoprecipitation
experiments with these antibodies failed to identify the P.
falciparum proteins alkylated by OZ277 and OZ439. To the
best of the authors’ knowledge, this shows for the first time
that antimalarial ozonides, such as the artemisinins, alkylate proteins
in P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Jourdan
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Matile
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Reift
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Biehlmaier
- Imaging Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical
Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical
Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan L. Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical
Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Barnett
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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Klonis N, Creek DJ, Tilley L. Iron and heme metabolism in Plasmodium falciparum and the mechanism of action of artemisinins. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:722-7. [PMID: 23932203 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the asexual blood stage of its lifecycle, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum grows and multiplies in the hemoglobin-rich environment of the human erythrocyte. Although the parasite has evolved unique strategies to survive in this environment, its interaction with iron represents an Achilles' heel that is exploited by many antimalarial drugs. Recent work has shed new light on how the parasite deals with hemoglobin breakdown products and on the role of iron as a mediator of the action of the antimalarial drug, artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nectarios Klonis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, 30 Flemington Road, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Wang X, Dong Y, Wittlin S, Charman SA, Chiu FCK, Chollet J, Katneni K, Mannila J, Morizzi J, Ryan E, Scheurer C, Steuten J, Santo Tomas J, Snyder C, Vennerstrom JL. Comparative antimalarial activities and ADME profiles of ozonides (1,2,4-trioxolanes) OZ277, OZ439, and their 1,2-dioxolane, 1,2,4-trioxane, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane isosteres. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2547-55. [PMID: 23489135 DOI: 10.1021/jm400004u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To ascertain the structure-activity relationship of the core 1,2,4-trioxolane substructure of dispiro ozonides OZ277 and OZ439, we compared the antimalarial activities and ADME profiles of the 1,2-dioxolane, 1,2,4-trioxane, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane isosteres. Consistent with previous data, both dioxolanes had very weak antimalarial properties. For the OZ277 series, the trioxane isostere had the best ADME profile, but its overall antimalarial efficacy was not superior to that of the trioxolane or tetraoxane isosteres. For the OZ439 series, there was a good correlation between the antimalarial efficacy and ADME profiles in the rank order trioxolane > trioxane > tetraoxane. As we have previously observed for OZ439 versus OZ277, the OZ439 series peroxides had superior exposure and efficacy in mice compared to the corresponding OZ277 series peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Abiodun OO, Brun R, Wittlin S. In vitro interaction of artemisinin derivatives or the fully synthetic peroxidic anti-malarial OZ277 with thapsigargin in Plasmodium falciparum strains. Malar J 2013; 12:43. [PMID: 23368889 PMCID: PMC3566918 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Semi-synthetic artemisinin derivatives are powerful peroxidic drugs in artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) recommended as first-line treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in disease-endemic countries. Studies by Eckstein-Ludwig and co-workers showed both thapsigargin and artemisinin specifically inhibit the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+−ATPase of Plasmodium falciparum (PfATP6). In the present study the type of interaction between thapsigargin and artemisinin derivatives as well as the ozonide OZ277 (RBx11160 or arterolane) was evaluated in parasite cultures. The latter compound is an adamantane-based peroxide and the first fully synthetic clinical candidate recently registered in India by Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. for anti-malarial combination therapy. Methods Drug interaction studies were performed using a previously described fixed ratio method and anti-malarial activity measured using the [3H] hypoxanthine incorporation assay. Results The sum 50% and 90% fractional inhibitory concentration (∑FIC50, 90) of the interaction of thapsigargin with OZ277, artemether or artesunate, against NF54 and K1 strains of P. falciparum ranged from 0.9 to 1.4. Conclusion The interaction of thapsigargin with OZ277, artesunate or artemether was additive, data consistent with previous observations indicating that activity of anti-malarial peroxides does not derive from reversible interactions with parasite targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyindamola O Abiodun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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