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Sibug-Torres SM, Grys DB, Kang G, Niihori M, Wyatt E, Spiesshofer N, Ruane A, de Nijs B, Baumberg JJ. In situ electrochemical regeneration of nanogap hotspots for continuously reusable ultrathin SERS sensors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2022. [PMID: 38448412 PMCID: PMC10917746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) harnesses the confinement of light into metallic nanoscale hotspots to achieve highly sensitive label-free molecular detection that can be applied for a broad range of sensing applications. However, challenges related to irreversible analyte binding, substrate reproducibility, fouling, and degradation hinder its widespread adoption. Here we show how in-situ electrochemical regeneration can rapidly and precisely reform the nanogap hotspots to enable the continuous reuse of gold nanoparticle monolayers for SERS. Applying an oxidising potential of +1.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl) for 10 s strips a broad range of adsorbates from the nanogaps and forms a metastable oxide layer of few-monolayer thickness. Subsequent application of a reducing potential of -0.80 V for 5 s in the presence of a nanogap-stabilising molecular scaffold, cucurbit[5]uril, reproducibly regenerates the optimal plasmonic properties with SERS enhancement factors ≈106. The regeneration of the nanogap hotspots allows these SERS substrates to be reused over multiple cycles, demonstrating ≈5% relative standard deviation over at least 30 cycles of analyte detection and regeneration. Such continuous and reliable SERS-based flow analysis accesses diverse applications from environmental monitoring to medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah May Sibug-Torres
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - David-Benjamin Grys
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Gyeongwon Kang
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Marika Niihori
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Elle Wyatt
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Nicolas Spiesshofer
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ashleigh Ruane
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Bart de Nijs
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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Barik P, Pradhan M. Selectivity in trace gas sensing: recent developments, challenges, and future perspectives. Analyst 2022; 147:1024-1054. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02070f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity is one of the most crucial figures of merit in trace gas sensing, and thus a comprehensive assessment is necessary to have a clear picture of sensitivity, selectivity, and their interrelations in terms of quantitative and qualitative views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspendu Barik
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
| | - Manik Pradhan
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
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Eremina OE, Semenova AA, Sergeeva EA, Brazhe NA, Maksimov GV, Shekhovtsova TN, Goodilin EA, Veselova IA. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in modern chemical analysis: advances and prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Review of SERS Substrates for Chemical Sensing. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7060142. [PMID: 28594385 PMCID: PMC5485789 DOI: 10.3390/nano7060142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The SERS effect was initially discovered in the 1970s. Early research focused on understanding the phenomenon and increasing enhancement to achieve single molecule detection. From the mid-1980s to early 1990s, research started to move away from obtaining a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon to the exploration of analytical applications. At the same time, significant developments occurred in the field of photonics that led to the advent of inexpensive, robust, compact, field-deployable Raman systems. The 1990s also saw rapid development in nanoscience. This convergence of technologies (photonics and nanoscience) has led to accelerated development of SERS substrates to detect a wide range of chemical and biological analytes. It would be a monumental task to discuss all the different kinds of SERS substrates that have been explored. Likewise, it would be impossible to discuss the use of SERS for both chemical and biological detection. Instead, a review of the most common metallic (Ag, Cu, and Au) SERS substrates for chemical detection only is discussed, as well as SERS substrates that are commercially available. Other issues with SERS for chemical detection have been selectivity, reversibility, and reusability of the substrates. How these issues have been addressed is also discussed in this review.
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El-Zahry MR, Refaat IH, Mohamed HA, Lendl B. Sequential SERS determination of aspirin and vitamin C using in situ laser-induced photochemical silver substrate synthesis in a moving flow cell. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4733-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
A dynamic development of methodologies of analytical flow injection measurements during four decades since their invention has reinforced the solid position of flow analysis in the arsenal of techniques and instrumentation of contemporary chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Trojanowicz
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
- 03-195 Warsaw
- Poland
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Kamila Kołacińska
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
- 03-195 Warsaw
- Poland
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7
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EL-Zahry MR, Genner A, Refaat IH, Mohamed HA, Lendl B. Highly reproducible SERS detection in sequential injection analysis: Real time preparation and application of photo-reduced silver substrate in a moving flow-cell. Talanta 2013; 116:972-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Herman K, Szabó L, Leopold LF, Chiş V, Leopold N. In situ laser-induced photochemical silver substrate synthesis and sequential SERS detection in a flow cell. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:815-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wilson R, Bowden SA, Parnell J, Cooper JM. Signal Enhancement of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering and Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering Using in Situ Colloidal Synthesis in Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2119-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rab Wilson
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K., and Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K
| | - Stephen A. Bowden
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K., and Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K
| | - John Parnell
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K., and Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K
| | - Jonathan M. Cooper
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K., and Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K
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Chen L, Choo J. Recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection technology for microfluidic chips. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1815-28. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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A versatile surface Raman spectroelectrochemical flow cell: applications to chemisorbate kinetics. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Capella-Peiró E, Monferrer-Pons L, Garcı́a-Alvarez-Coque C, Esteve-Romero J. Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of nicotinic acid in micellar medium of N-cetylpyridinium chloride. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Mulvaney
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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Huang CZ, Li YF, Hu XL, Li NB. Three-dimensional spectra of the long-range assembly of Nile Blue sulfate on the molecular surface of DNA and determination of DNA by light-scattering. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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