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Dembitsky VM. Steroids Bearing Heteroatom as Potential Drugs for Medicine. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2698. [PMID: 37893072 PMCID: PMC10604304 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroatom steroids, a diverse class of organic compounds, have attracted significant attention in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. The biological profiles of heteroatom steroids are of considerable interest to chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, and the pharmaceutical industry. These compounds have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, the incorporation of heteroatoms has led to the development of targeted drug delivery systems, prodrugs, and other innovative pharmaceutical approaches. Heteroatom steroids represent a fascinating area of research, bridging the fields of organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology. The exploration of their chemical diversity and biological activities holds promise for the discovery of novel drug candidates and the development of more effective and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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2
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Adachi A, Aikawa K, Ishibashi Y, Nozaki K, Okazoe T. Bench-Stable Electrophilic Fluorinating Reagents for Highly Selective Mono- and Difluorination of Silyl Enol Ethers. Chemistry 2021; 27:11919-11925. [PMID: 34009678 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods for the synthesis of fluorinated compounds have been intensively studied, recently. Development of practical fluorinating reagents is indispensable for this purpose. Herein, bench-stable electrophilic fluorinating reagents were synthesized as N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) substitutes. Reagents obtained by replacing one of the NFSI sulfonyl groups with an acyl group led to the highly selective monofluorination of silyl enol ethers with suppression of undesired overreaction, that is, difluorination. On the other hand, reagents bearing electron-withdrawing substituents at NFSI benzenesulfonyl groups efficiently facilitated the difluorination of silyl enol ethers under base-free conditions. Thus, both mono- and difluorinated target materials were prepared from the same substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiya Adachi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Aikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ishibashi
- Yokohama Technical Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Okazoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Yokohama Technical Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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Adekenova KS, Wyatt PB, Adekenov SM. The preparation and properties of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:245-272. [PMID: 33564335 PMCID: PMC7849233 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the functionalization of organic molecules with fluorine substituents has grown rapidly due to its applications in such fields as medicine, agriculture or materials sciences. The aim of this article is to review the importance of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane derivatives in synthesis. It will examine the role of the fluorine substituents in both ring-forming and ring-opening reactions, as well as methods for obtaining difluorocyclopropanes as single enantiomers. Several examples are provided to highlight the biological importance of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymbat S Adekenova
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Peter B Wyatt
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Sergazy M Adekenov
- JSC "International Research and Production Holding "Phytochemistry", Karaganda city, 100009, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Zielinski ZAM, Pratt DA. H-Atom Abstraction vs Addition: Accounting for the Diverse Product Distribution in the Autoxidation of Cholesterol and Its Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3037-3051. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zosia A. M. Zielinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Chemical Synthesis of the Epimeric (23R)- and (23S)-Fluoro Derivatives of Bile Acids via Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction. Lipids 2015; 50:919-26. [PMID: 26193795 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of two (23R)- and (23S)-epimeric pairs of 23-fluoro-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid and 23-fluoro-3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid is described. The key intermediates, 23,24-dinor-22-aldehyde peracetates were prepared from cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids via the 24-nor-22-ene, 24-nor-22ξ,23-epoxy, and 23,24-dinor-22-aldehyde derivatives. The Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of the 23,24-dinor-22-aldehydes using triethyl 2-fluoro-2-phosphonoacetate in the presence of LiCl and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting 23ξ-fluoro-22-ene ethyl esters, followed by hydrolysis, gave a mixture of the epimeric (23R)- and (23S)-fluorinated bile acids which were resolved efficiently by preparative RP-HPLC. The stereochemical configuration of the fluorine atom at C-23 in the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed directly by the X-ray crystallographic data. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectral differences between the (23R)- and (23S)-epimers were also discussed.
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Ma JA, Cahard D. Update 1 of: Asymmetric fluorination, trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation reactions. Chem Rev 2008; 108:PR1-43. [PMID: 18798358 DOI: 10.1021/cr800221v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 761] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Pacheco MC, Purser S, Gouverneur V. The chemistry of propargylic and allylic fluorides. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1943-81. [PMID: 18543877 DOI: 10.1021/cr068410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Pacheco
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, UK
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Sievänen E, Noponen V, Král V, Bríza T, Kolehmainen E. 1H,13C, 19F NMR, and ESI mass spectral characterization of two geminal difluorosteroids. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:392-397. [PMID: 18273878 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Two geminal difluorosteroids, 3,3-difluoro-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid (1) and 3,3-difluoro-5alpha-androstan-17-one (2), have been prepared from corresponding ketosteroids with diethylaminosulphurtrifluoride (DAST) treatment in moderate yields. The structures of 1 and 2 have been characterized by (1)H, (13)C, (19)F NMR, and ESI mass spectral techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Sievänen
- Department of Chemistry, FIN-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Ma JA, Cahard D. Asymmetric fluorination, trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation reactions. Chem Rev 2005; 104:6119-46. [PMID: 15584697 DOI: 10.1021/cr030143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 755] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-An Ma
- UMR 6014 CNRS de Institut de Recherche en Chimie Organique Fine, Université de Rouen, Rue Tesnière, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
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Fedoryński M. Syntheses of gem-dihalocyclopropanes and their use in organic synthesis. Chem Rev 2003; 103:1099-132. [PMID: 12683778 DOI: 10.1021/cr0100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Fedoryński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland.
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The cyperone route to agarofurans: stereoselective introduction of an hydroxy group at C-4. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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