1
|
Panetti GB, Robinson JR, Schelter EJ, Walsh PJ. Expanding the Rare-Earth Metal BINOLate Catalytic Multitool beyond Enantioselective Organic Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2637-2648. [PMID: 34014657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Shibasaki's rare earth alkali metal BINOLate (REMB) framework has provided chemists with a general catalyst platform to access a range of enantioenriched small molecules from the single, commercially available pro-ligand (R)- or (S)-BINOL. A defining feature of these heterobimetallic frameworks is the high level of catalyst tunability, achieved through the simple modulation of the central rare-earth cation and peripheral alkali metal cations. While this family of multifunctional catalysts displays impressive generality and catalytic capability, detailed mechanistic understanding of these complex, multimetallic systems was lacking prior to our investigations. This backdrop served as initial inspiration for our investigations of this privileged class of complexes over the past decade, which have led to new and exciting advances in catalysis and beyond.In this Account, we describe our investigations using Shibasaki's framework focusing on the central metal-ion, the BINOLate ligands, and the secondary sphere cations. Our studies began with an investigation into the Lewis acidity of the complexes, where we demonstrated that Lewis bases readily coordinate to REMB frameworks when lithium occupies the secondary coordination sphere. This observation was contrasted by the complexes containing sodium or potassium in the secondary coordination sphere, as the rare earth cation is evidently less accessible for substrate binding. Our efforts in understanding the ligand exchange of the complexes enabled the discovery that associative processes dominate the mechanism of ligand exchange and LA/LA (Lewis acid/Lewis acid) and LA/BB (Lewis acid/Brønsted base) catalysis by the REMB frameworks. Replacing metal cations in the secondary coordination sphere with the N,N,N',N'-tetramethylguanidinium cation delivered an effective precatalyst that is air and water stable over the course of 6 months.To expand the reactivity of the REMB, we investigated the ability of UIV cations to occupy the primary coordination sphere and ZnEt+ and Cu(DBU)+ cations to occupy the secondary coordination sphere. Synthesizing the REMB complexes using the thiol congener monothioBINOL provided an unusual anionic REMB framework, driven by the oxophilicity of the lithium cations. Using the REMB as a platform for investigating the CeIII/CeIV redox couple, we demonstrated that, while oxidative cerium functionalization is observed in the case of lithium containing REMBs, salt elimination is observed in the sodium, potassium, and cesium containing REMBs. Furthermore, we found that while the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer for CeIII was ks(CsI) > ks(KI) > ks(NaI) > ks(LiI), the rates of reaction with the oxidant trityl chloride trended in the opposite order with kobs(LiI) ≫ kobs(NaI) > kobs(KI) > kobs(CsI). We attribute this to the ability to form inner-sphere complexes with the oxidant, rather than differences in redox potential or reorganization energies.Applying our knowledge in ligand exchange and redox behavior of Ce containing REMB complexes, we detailed the mechanism for oxidation of the heterochiral cerium REMB frameworks, reiterating the importance of the formation of inner-sphere complexes in the oxidation chemistry of cerium. There are many different avenues for both organic and inorganic investigation of Shibasaki's REMB framework, and our works have demonstrated the richness of the structural chemistry and properties of this framework that inform mechanism and properties of these privileged catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace B. Panetti
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jerome R. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook St., Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feberero C, Sedano C, Suárez-Pantiga S, López CS, Sanz R. Experimental and Computational Study of the 1,5-O → N Carbamoyl Snieckus-Fries-Type Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12561-12578. [PMID: 32897069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of o-lithiated O-aryl N,N-diethylcarbamates with different C-N multiple bond electrophiles have been thoroughly studied. A 1,5-O → N carbamoyl shift, a new variation of the anionic Fries-type rearrangement, takes place when nitriles, imines, or alkylcarbodiimides are employed. In these cases, the carbamoyl group plays a dual role as a directing group, building up a variety of functional groups through the 1,5-O → N carbamoyl migration. On the other hand, the use of iso(thio)cyanates and arylcarbodiimides led to non-rearranged o-functionalized O-arylcarbamates. This reactivity was further computationally explored, and the governing factor could be traced back to the relative basicity of the alternative products (migrated vs nonmigrated substrates). This exploration also provided interesting insights about the degree of complexation of the lithium cations onto these substrates. A new access to useful 2-hydroxybenzophenone derivatives has also been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Feberero
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Sedano
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Silva López
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica and CITACA (Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Quı́mica Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Panetti GB, Varela EJ, Gau MR, Schelter EJ, Walsh PJ. An investigation of the binding of (S)-monothioBINOLate to rare earth metal cations. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2019.1602773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace B. Panetti
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elena J. Varela
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Korb M, Lang H. The anionic Fries rearrangement: a convenient route to ortho-functionalized aromatics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2829-2882. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The scope and mechanism of anionic (hetero-) Fries rearrangements are summarized for various migrating groups and arenes, including applications and computational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemnitz
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemnitz
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Korb M, Lang H. Planar Chirality from the Chiral Pool: Diastereoselective Anionic Phospho-Fries Rearrangements at Ferrocene. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500953c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Conjugate Addition of Organoaluminum Species to Michael Acceptors and Related Processes. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2012_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
7
|
Gou S, Judeh ZMA. Modular amino acids-based chiral ligands for copper-catalyzed enantioselective conjugation addition of diethylzinc to cyclic enones. Chirality 2011; 23:105-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
8
|
Gou S, Ye Z, Shi L, Qing D, Zhang W, Wang Y. Copper-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-conjugate addition of dialkylzinc to enones. Appl Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Gou S, Ye Z, Huang Z. Asymmetric 1,4-conjugation addition of diethylzinc to cyclic enones catalyzed by a self-assembled copper complex. Appl Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
10
|
Jerphagnon T, Pizzuti MG, Minnaard AJ, Feringa BL. Recent advances in enantioselective copper-catalyzed 1,4-addition. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:1039-75. [PMID: 19421581 DOI: 10.1039/b816853a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of recent literature from 2003 concerning advances in enantioselective copper catalysed 1,4-addition of organometallic reagents to alpha,beta-unsaturated compounds is given in this critical review. About 200 ligands and catalysts are presented, with a focus on stereoselectivities, catalyst loading, ligand structure and substrate scope. A major part is devoted to trapping and tandem reactions and a variety of recent synthetic applications are used to illustrate the practicality and current state of the art of 1,4-addition of organometallic reagents. Finally several mechanistic studies are discussed (162 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jerphagnon
- University of Groningen, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alexakis A, Bäckvall JE, Krause N, Pàmies O, Diéguez M. Enantioselective copper-catalyzed conjugate addition and allylic substitution reactions. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2796-823. [PMID: 18671436 DOI: 10.1021/cr0683515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 802] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Alexakis
- Departament of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huerta R, Castillo I, Hernández-Ortega S. S-2-(Adamant-1-yl)-4-methylphenyl N, N-dimethylthiocarbamate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o323. [PMID: 21200884 PMCID: PMC2915366 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536807066603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C20H27NOS, was obtained from the corresponding O-thiocarbamate. The structure features a C=O bond distance of 1.209 (2) Å and an sp3-hybridized S atom [C—S—C = 101.66 (1)°]. The steric bulk of the 1-adamantyl substituent on the 2-position of the aromatic ring is reflected in the S—C—C—C torsion angle [−7.5 (3)°].
Collapse
|
13
|
Mellah M, Voituriez A, Schulz E. Chiral sulfur ligands for asymmetric catalysis. Chem Rev 2007; 107:5133-209. [PMID: 17944520 DOI: 10.1021/cr068440h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mellah
- Equipe de Catalyse Moléculaire, ICMMO, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vuagnoux-d’Augustin M, Alexakis A. Tandem asymmetric conjugate addition-enolacetates formation of enantiomerically enriched zinc and aluminium enolates. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.07.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
15
|
Efficient Synthesis of 2-Methyl Derivatives of 1,1′-Bi(2-naphthol) and 1,1′-Bi(2-phenols). European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Aversa MC, Bonaccorsi P, Faggi C, Lamanna G, Menichetti S. Enantiopure arenesulfenic acids as intermediates in stereoselective synthesis. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Schumann H, Kaufmann J, Dechert S. 1-Aminoindan-2-ol, a Suitable Ligand for the Synthesis of Chiral, Intramolecularly Stabilized Compounds of Aluminum, Gallium, and Indium. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200400236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Highly enantioselective 1,4-conjugate addition of diethylzinc to acyclic enones with chiral phosphite–pyridine ligands derived from H8-NOBIN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Kocovský P, Vyskocil S, Smrcina M. Non-symmetrically substituted 1,1'-binaphthyls in enantioselective catalysis. Chem Rev 2003; 103:3213-46. [PMID: 12914496 DOI: 10.1021/cr9900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kocovský
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alexakis A, March S. Tandem enantioselective conjugate addition--cyclopropanation. Application to natural products synthesis. J Org Chem 2002; 67:8753-7. [PMID: 12467385 DOI: 10.1021/jo026262w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A tandem asymmetric conjugate addition-cyclopropanation was developed, in which a cyclic or linear enone was converted to a TMS-protected 3-substituted-cyclopropanol in an efficient one-pot reaction. These compounds were then selectively cleaved to yield alpha-methyl-beta-alkyl ketones, alpha-methylene-enones, or chain extended gamma-alkyl-enones. This methodology was applied to the formal total synthesis of (-)-(S,S)-clavukerin A and (+)-(R,S)-isoclavukerin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Alexakis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, Switzerland CH-1211
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Diéguez M, Ruiz A, Claver C. New chiral amino-phosphite and phosphite-phosphoroamidite ligands for the copper-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of diethylzinc to cyclohexenone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Diéguez M, Ruiz A, Claver C. Chiral diphosphites derived from d-glucose in the copper-catalyzed conjugate addition of diethylzinc to cyclohexenone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Pàmies O, Diéguez M, Net G, Ruiz* A, Claver C. Highly active and enantioselective copper-catalyzed conjugate addition of diethylzinc to cyclohexenone using sugar derivative diphosphites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
|