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Jing J, He S, Yang J, Yang R, Lin Y, Zheng C. Rapid and sensitive quantification of cyclamate in beverages by miniature microplasma optical emission spectrometry. Food Chem 2023; 406:135077. [PMID: 36462350 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most of the available methods for the quantification of cyclamate depend on laboratory instruments and their application in the field was limited. Herein, a simple and sensitive method was developed for the determination of cyclamate in beverage samples based on chemical vapor generation and miniature point discharge optical emission spectrometry (μPD-OES). The combination of headspace sampling and μPD-OES not only simplifies the separation process of cyclamate, improves sensitivity, and alleviates matrix interference but also eliminates the use of a bulky and expensive instrument. Under the optimal conditions, this method provided a limit of detection of 0.1 mg L-1 comparable to or better than most reported methods. The method eventually was applied to 14 different beverages and cyclamate was found below the threshold set by Chinese Standards for Food Additives. The proposed method provides great potential for the field analysis of cyclamate in the supervision of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jing
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Siyu He
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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Yang R, Lin Y, Yang J, He L, Tian Y, Hou X, Zheng C. Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Following Chemical Vapor Generation for Ultrasensitive, Matrix Effect-Free Detection of Nitrite by Microplasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6972-6979. [PMID: 33926187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new chemical vapor generation method coupled with headspace solid-phase microextraction miniaturized point discharge optical emission spectrometry (HS-SPME-μPD-OES) for the sensitive and matrix effect-free detection of nitrite in complex samples is described. In an acidic medium, the volatile cyclohexene was generated from cyclamate in the presence of nitrite, which was volatilized to the headspace of the container, efficiently separated, and preconcentrated by HS-SPME. Consequently, the SPME fiber was transferred to a laboratory-constructed thermal desorption chamber wherein the cyclohexene was thermally desorbed and swept into μPD-OES for its sensitive quantification via monitoring the carbon atomic emission line at 193.0 nm. As a result, the quantification of nitrite was accomplished through the determination of cyclohexene. The application of HS-SPME as a sampling technique not only simplifies the experimental setup of μPD-OES but it also preconcentrates and separates cyclohexene from N2 and sample matrices, thus eliminating the interference from water vapor and N2 and significantly improving the analytical performance on the determination of nitrite. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a limit of detection of 0.1 μg L-1 was obtained, which is much better than that obtained by conventional methods. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was better than 3.0% at a concentration of 10 μg L-1. The proposed method provides several advantages of portability, simplicity, high sensitivity, and low energy consumption and eliminates expensive instruments and matrix interference, thus retaining a promising potential for the rapid, sensitive, and field analysis of nitrite in various samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Liangbo He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.,Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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Zhang SX, Peng R, Jiang R, Chai XS, Barnes DG. A high-throughput headspace gas chromatographic technique for the determination of nitrite content in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1538:104-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Hashemi M, Habibi A, Jahanshahi N. Determination of cyclamate in artificial sweeteners and beverages using headspace single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography flame-ionisation detection. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Horie M, Ishikawa F, Oishi M, Shindo T, Yasui A, Ito K. Rapid determination of cyclamate in foods by solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1154:423-8. [PMID: 17433340 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of cyclamate in food was developed using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) with indirect ultraviolet (UV) detection. A 5-10 g sample in 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid was homogenized and made up to a volume of 50 mL with 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid. After the sample was centrifuged, 25 mL of supernatant was loaded into an Oasis HLB SPE cartridge. The cartridge was washed with 2 mL of demineralized water followed by 2 mL of 50% aqueous methanol, and cyclamate was eluted with 4.5 mL of 50% aqueous methanol. The eluate was added to a solution of sodium propionate (internal standard) for CE analysis. The cyclamate in the eluate was electrophoresed on a fused-silica capillary using 1 mmol/L hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and 10 mmol/L potassium sorbate as a running buffer. Detection and reference wavelengths of cyclamate determined with a UV detector were 300 and 254 nm, respectively. The calibration curves for cyclamate showed good linearity in the range of 2-1000 microg/mL and the limits of detection in beverage, fruit in syrup, jam, pickles and confectionary are sample dependent and ranged from 5-10 microg/g. The recovery of cyclamate added at a level of 200 microg/g to various kinds of foods was 93.3-108.3% and the relative standard deviation was less than 4.9% (n=3). A number of commercial samples were analyzed using the proposed method. Cyclamate was detected in one waume, two pickles, and two sunflower seeds. The quantitative values determined with CE correlated to those from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (the detected values of cyclamate in a sunflower seed measured by CE and HPLC were 3.40 g/kg and 3.51 g/kg, respectively). This analytical method for cyclamate using CE is especially suitable for use in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Horie
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan.
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Llamas NE, Di Nezio MS, Palomeque ME, Band BSF. Automated turbidimetric determination of cyclamate in low calorie soft drinks and sweeteners without pre-treatment. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cabero C, Saurina J, Hernández-Cassou S. Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of cyclamate in sweetener products with sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gouveia ST, Fatibello-Filho O, de Araújo Nóbrega J. Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of cyclamate in low calorie soft drinks and sweeteners. Analyst 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/an9952002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kinawi A, Kia H. Zur Umsetzung von Cyclohexylsulfaminsäure (Cyclamat) mit salpetriger Säure in wäßriger HCl-Lösung, isoliertem menschlichen Magensaft und Urin. Clin Chem Lab Med 1978. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1978.16.6.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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