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Prospects of using plastic chip electrodes at high current density: Recovery of zinc from acidic sulfate solutions. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Zhong X, Yuan W, Kang Y, Xie J, Hu F, Li CM. Biomass-Derived Hierarchical Nanoporous Carbon with Rich Functional Groups for Direct-Electron-Transfer-Based Glucose Sensing. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhong
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials; Faculty of Materials & Energy; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Weiyong Yuan
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials; Faculty of Materials & Energy; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials; Faculty of Materials & Energy; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Jiale Xie
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials; Faculty of Materials & Energy; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Fangxin Hu
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials; Faculty of Materials & Energy; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials; Faculty of Materials & Energy; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies; Chongqing 400715 China
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3
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An integrated phenol ‘sensoremoval’ microfluidic nanostructured platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 55:355-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Polymeric membranes conditioning for sensors applications: mechanism and influence on analytes detection. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Fenga PG, Stradiotto NR, Pividori MI. Silver Nanocomposite Electrode Modified with Hexacyanoferrate. Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Behaviour Towards Substituted Anilines. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Safavi A, Maleki N, Tajabadi F. SE-30 Graphite Composite Electrode: An Alternative for the Development of Electrochemical Biosensors. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Micro and nanoparticles in biosensing systems for food safety and environmental monitoring. An example of converging technologies. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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11
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Structures and properties in different media of N,N-(diethylcarbamothioyl)furan-2-carboxamide: A ionophore for sensor membranes. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Olivé-Monllau R, Baeza M, Bartrolí J, Céspedes F. Novel Amperometric Sensor Based on Rigid Near-Percolation Composite. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Bonanni A, Pividori MI, Campoy S, Barbé J, del Valle M. Impedimetric detection of double-tagged PCR products using novel amplification procedures based on gold nanoparticles and Protein G. Analyst 2009; 134:602-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b815502j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Bonanni A, Pividori MI, del Valle M. Application of the avidin-biotin interaction to immobilize DNA in the development of electrochemical impedance genosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:851-61. [PMID: 17676315 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy is a rapidly developing technique for the transduction of biosensing events at the surface of an electrode. The immobilization of biomaterial as DNA strands on the electrode surface alters the capacitance and the interfacial electron transfer resistance of the conductive electrodes. The impedimetric technique is an effective method of probing modifications to these interfacial properties, thus allowing the differentiation of hybridization events. In this work, an avidin bulk-modified graphite-epoxy biocomposite (Av-GEB) was employed to immobilize biotinylated oligonucleotides as well as double-stranded DNA onto the electrode surface. Impedance spectra were recorded to detect the change in the interfacial electron transfer resistance (R (et)) of the redox marker ferrocyanide/ferricyanide at a polarization potential of +0.17 V. The sensitivity of the technique and the good reproducibility of the results obtained with it confirm the validity of this method based on a universal affinity biocomposite platform coupled with the impedimetric technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonanni
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Liu W, Wang P. Cofactor regeneration for sustainable enzymatic biosynthesis. Biotechnol Adv 2007; 25:369-84. [PMID: 17459647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidoreductases are attractive catalysts for biosynthesis of chiral compounds and polymers, construction of biosensors, and degradation of environmental pollutants. Their practical applications, however, can be quite challenging since they often require cofactors such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). These cofactors are generally expensive. Efficient regeneration of cofactors is therefore critical to the economic viability of industrial-scale biotransformations using oxidoreductases. The chemistry of cofactor regeneration is well known nowadays. The challenge is mostly regarding how to achieve the regeneration with immobilized enzyme systems which are preferred for industrial processes to facilitate the recovery and continuous use of the catalysts. This has become a great hurdle for the industrialization of many promising enzymatic processes, and as a result, most of the biotransformations involving cofactors have been traditionally performed with living cells in industry. Accompanying the rapidly growing interest in industrial biotechnology, immobilized enzyme biocatalyst systems with cofactor regeneration have been the focus for many studies reported since the late 1990s. The current paper reviews the methods of cofactor retention for development of sustainable and regenerative biocatalysts as revealed in these recent studies, with the intent to complement other reviewing articles that are mostly regeneration chemistry-oriented. We classify in this paper the methods of sustainable cofactor regeneration into two categories, namely membrane entrapment and solid-attachment of cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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16
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Ordóñez SS, Fàbregas E. New antibodies immobilization system into a graphite–polysulfone membrane for amperometric immunosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:965-72. [PMID: 16704929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Revised: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polysulfone membrane is used for the first time for the preparation of electrochemical immunosensors. A disposable immunosensor based on a porous conductor polymer graphite-polysulfone-electrode has been developed using a phase inversion technique for the determination of anti-rabbit IgG (anti-RIgG) as a model analyte. To construct the sensor, a conductor membrane was deposited on the surface of working graphite-epoxy composite (GEC) electrode. The membrane was characterized by SEM. This sensor was based on the competitive assay between free and labeled anti-RIgG for the available binding sites of immobilized rabbit IgG (RIgG). Incubation parameters were optimized in this work. The immunological reaction was detected using an enzymatic-labeling procedure (HRP enzyme) combined with the amperometric detection using H(2)O(2) as substrate and hydroquinone as mediator. This sensor shows stability during a week and a good reproducibility. The current was monitored amperometrically at -0.1 V versus SCE and this method showed a linear range of the anti-RIgG from 1 to 6 microg/ml. The detection limit was determined to be 0.77 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sánchez Ordóñez
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08113, Spain
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17
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18
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Lermo A, Campoy S, Barbé J, Hernández S, Alegret S, Pividori MI. In situ DNA amplification with magnetic primers for the electrochemical detection of food pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:2010-7. [PMID: 17055717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2006] [Revised: 08/20/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective genomagnetic assay for the electrochemical detection of food pathogens based on in situ DNA amplification with magnetic primers has been designed. The performance of the genomagnetic assay was firstly demonstrated for a DNA synthetic target by its double-hybridization with both a digoxigenin probe and a biotinylated capture probe, and further binding to streptavidin-modified magnetic beads. The DNA sandwiched target bound on the magnetic beads is then separated by using a magneto electrode based on graphite-epoxy composite. The electrochemical detection is finally achieved by an enzyme marker, anti-digoxigenin horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The novel strategy was used for the rapid and sensitive detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified samples. Promising resultants were also achieved for the DNA amplification directly performed on magnetic beads by using a novel magnetic primer, i.e., the up PCR primer bound to magnetic beads. Moreover, the magneto DNA biosensing assay was able to detect changes at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level, when stringent hybridization conditions were used. The reliability of the assay was tested for Salmonella spp., the most important pathogen affecting food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lermo
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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19
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Kirgöz UA, Odaci D, Timur S, Merkoçi A, Alegret S, Beşün N, Telefoncu A. A biosensor based on graphite epoxy composite electrode for aspartame and ethanol detection. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 570:165-9. [PMID: 17723395 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A gelatin membrane with carboxyl esterase and alcohol oxidase was subsequently integrated onto the surface of a graphite epoxy composite electrode (GECE). The developed biosensors showed linearity in the range of 2.5-400 microM for aspartame and 2.5-25 microM for ethanol with response times of 170 and 70s for each analyte, respectively. The resulting bienzyme biosensor was used for aspartame detection in diet coke samples and ethanol detection in beer and wine samples. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the developed biosensor is a selective, practical and economic tool for aspartame and ethanol detection in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulkü Anik Kirgöz
- Mugla University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, 48000-Kötekli, Mugla, Turkey.
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20
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Kirgöz UA, Odaci D, Timur S, Merkoçi A, Pazarlioğlu N, Telefoncu A, Alegret S. Graphite epoxy composite electrodes modified with bacterial cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2006; 69:128-31. [PMID: 16517220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Revised: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The modification of a graphite-epoxy composite electrode (GECE) with bacterial cells along with an analytical application are presented. Pseudomonas putida DSM 50026 was used as a biological component and the measurement was based on the respiratory activity of the cells. The optimization of working conditions of resulting biosensor (including pH and temperature) was conducted and the limit of detection was calculated as 7 microM phenol based on the signal to noise ratio. Then the system was applied for xenobiotic detection. Resulting sample signals were found to be very similar with the standard solutions having the same concentration while the recoveries of the spiked samples were close to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulkü Anik Kirgöz
- Mugla University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department, 48000 Kötekli-Mugla
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21
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Isabel Pividori M, Alegret S. Electrochemical Genosensing Based on Rigid Carbon Composites. A Review. ANAL LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500369745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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23
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Kırgöz Ü, Marín S, Pumera M, Merkoçi A, Alegret S. Stripping Voltammetry with Bismuth Modified Graphite-Epoxy Composite Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Castañeda MT, Pérez B, Pumera M, del Valle M, Merkoçi A, Alegret S. Sensitive stripping voltammetry of heavy metals by using a composite sensor based on a built-in bismuth precursor. Analyst 2005; 130:971-6. [PMID: 15912248 DOI: 10.1039/b502486m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new graphite-epoxy composite electrode (GECE) containing Bi(NO(3))(3) as a built-in bismuth precursor for simultaneous and individual anodic stripping analysis of heavy trace metals like lead and cadmium is reported. The developed Bi(NO(3))(3)-GECE is compatible with bismuth film electrodes reported previously including the composite electrodes (Bi-GECE) recently reported by our group. Bi(NO(3))(3)-GECE displays the ability for the detection of both individual and simultaneous determination of heavy trace metals and exhibits well defined, reproducible and sharp stripping signals. The sensitive response is combined with the minimal toxicity of Bi(NO(3))(3). This novel sensor would be an appropriate alternative tool to sensors using bismuth in solution during their utilization in environmental quality monitoring as well as other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Castañeda
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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25
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Hashmi SAR, Dwivedi UK, Jain D, Naik A, Chand N. Graphite-epoxy graded material by centrifugation. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Rigid carbon composites: a new transducing material for label-free electrochemical genosensing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Zacco E, Pividori MI, Llopis X, Del Valle M, Alegret S. Renewable Protein A modified graphite-epoxy composite for electrochemical immunosensing. J Immunol Methods 2004; 286:35-46. [PMID: 15087220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2003.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2003] [Revised: 10/23/2003] [Accepted: 11/06/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel rigid and renewable transducing material for electrochemical immunosensing, based on Protein A bulk-modified graphite-epoxy biocomposite (ProtA-GEB) is reported. Protein A is able to bind to the Fc region of antibodies and provide an affinity matrix for antibody immobilisation onto the transducer. The rigid conducting biocomposite acts not only as a transducer, but also as a reservoir for protein A. After use, the electrode surface can be renewed by a simple polishing procedure, highlighting a clear advantage of this new approach with respect to classical immunoassays. The performance of ProtA-GEB transducers was compared with surface-modified transducers based on a simple dry adsorption procedure, where both Protein A and directly the antibody were adsorbed onto the surface of graphite-epoxy composite (ProtA/GEC and IgG/GEC, respectively). The application of the new biocomposite material in electrochemical immunosensing was studied using a model competitive immunoassay. The immunological reaction was detected using an enzymatic-labeling procedure together with the amperometric detection through a suitable substrate (H(2)O(2)) for the enzyme (HRP). The enzymatic labelling was performed using a two-step procedure based on the biotin/streptavidin interaction as well as a one-step procedure using an antibody labelled with the enzyme. Electrochemical and microscopic characterisation of ProtA-GEB transducer, optimisation of the immunosensor design as well as the stability of this material are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zacco
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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28
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de Jesus DS, Couto CMCM, Araújo AN, Montenegro MCBSM. Amperometric biosensor based on monoamine oxidase (MAO) immobilized in sol–gel film for benzydamine determination in pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 33:983-90. [PMID: 14656589 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development and application of a flow-through amperometric biosensor for benzydamine determination in anti-inflammatory drugs is described. The biosensor was obtained by physical entrapment of monoamine oxidase in a sol-gel film applied on platinum or carbon paste conducting support. The sol-gel membranes were prepared using an optimum concentration of 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl-trimethoxy silane, double distilled water saturated with polyethylene glycol 6000 and HCl. The developed biosensors were incorporated in a single channel flow injection system to enable the determination of benzydamine in the concentration range of 0.05-2.5 mmol l(-1) (with platinum based electrode) or within 0.1-2.5 mmol l(-1) (carbon paste based electrode). The operational stability of the bioanalytical system developed was about 3 months permitting approximately 4700 substrate measurements. The flow injection system developed enables a sampling rate of 20-25 samples h(-1) and relative S.D. of results less than 4%. The analytical usefulness of the proposed procedure was evaluated through analysis of commercial pharmaceutical products containing benzydamine, available on the Portuguese market. The results obtained did not differ significantly from the values resulting from analysis of the same products by the method described in the BP Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djane S de Jesus
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, UP, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164-4050 Porto, Portugal
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29
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Pividori MI, Merkoçi A, Alegret S. Graphite-epoxy composites as a new transducing material for electrochemical genosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 19:473-84. [PMID: 14623472 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(03)00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of a rigid carbon-polymer composite material as an electrochemical transducer in hybridisation genosensors is reported. Graphite-epoxy composites (GEC) have an uneven surface where DNA can be adsorbed using a simple dry-adsorption procedure. Single-stranded-DNA binds strongly to GEC in a way that prevents the strands from self-associating, while permitting hybridisation with complementary DNA. Hybridisation has been detected through biotin-streptavidin interaction using a streptavidin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Non-specific adsorption onto GEC is almost non-existent even when the surface has not been treated by blocking reagents. The analytical signal obtained was higher when compared with other electrochemical genosensors. Results can be achieved in 150 min, and the detection limit is in the order of fmol. Additionally, surface regeneration is possible using a simple polishing procedure, allowing for multiple use. The new genosensor based on GEC fulfils the requirements desired for these devices: ease of preparation as dry-adsorption of DNA is very simple and easily automated, robustness, sensitivity, low cost of production, ease of miniaturisation and simple use and fast response. Additionally, it can be used for field measurements and can be produced as a genosensor kit. Also, this material can be implemented for screen-printing procedures for the mass production of genosensors. The utility of the genosensor based on GEC is also illustrated with the detection of a sequence related to novel determinant of beta-lactamase resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel Pividori
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Qui;mica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Williams E, Pividori MI, Merkoçi A, Forster RJ, Alegret S. Rapid electrochemical genosensor assay using a streptavidin carbon-polymer biocomposite electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 19:165-75. [PMID: 14611751 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(03)00171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensor capable of detecting a specific DNA sequence was designed by bulk modification of a graphite epoxy composite electrode with streptavidin (2% w/w). Streptavidin is used to immobilise a biotinylated capture DNA probe to the surface of the electrode. Simultaneous hybridisation occurs between the biotin DNA capture probe and the target-DNA and between the target-DNA and a digoxigenin modified probe. The rapid binding kinetic of streptavidin-biotin allows a one step immobilisation/hybridisation procedure. Secondly, enzyme labelling of the DNA duplex occurs via an antigen-antibody reaction between the Dig-dsDNA and an anti-Dig-HRP. Finally, electrochemical detection is achieved through a suitable substrate (H2O2) for the enzyme-labelled duplex. Optimisation of the sensor design, the modifier content and the immobilisation and hybridisation times was attained using a simple nucleotide sequence. Regeneration of the surface is achieved with a simple polishing procedure that shows good reproducibility. The generic use of a modified streptavidin carbon-polymer biocomposite electrode capable of surface regeneration and a one step hybridisation/immobilisation procedure are the main advantages of this approach. In DNA analysis, this procedure, if combined with the polymerase chain reaction, would represent certain advantages with respect to classical techniques, which prove to be time consuming in situations where a simple and rapid detection is required. This innovative developed material may be used for the detection of any analyte that can be coupled to the biotin-streptavidin reaction, as is the case of immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Williams
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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31
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Graphite-epoxy composite as an alternative material to design mercury free working electrodes for stripping voltammetry. Electrochim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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DNA Electrochemical Behaviors, Recognition and Sensing by Combining with PCR Technique. SENSORS 2003. [DOI: 10.3390/s30600128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Shustak G, Marx S, Turyan I, Mandler D. Application of Sol-Gel Technology for Electroanalytical Sensing. ELECTROANAL 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200390046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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35
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Chapter 8 Composite and biocomposite materials for electrochemical sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(03)80113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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36
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Ramírez-García S, Alegret S, Céspedes F, Forster RJ. Carbon composite electrodes: surface and electrochemical properties. Analyst 2002; 127:1512-9. [PMID: 12475044 DOI: 10.1039/b206201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrodes based on particulate carbon-epoxy or silicone composites have been formed and characterised using electrochemical methods, scanning electron microscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy. These composites are rigid, exhibit high electrical conductivity and are stable in organic solvents for prolonged periods. The bulk resistance of the Araldite-M and Araldite-CW2215 based electrodes is low, 130+/-12 and 185+/-15 ohms, respectively. In contrast, the bulk resistance of the silicone based electrodes is 1480+/-112 ohms. The uncompensated resistance of electrochemical cells where the composites act as working electrodes is significantly larger than that expected on the basis of solution resistance alone, i.e., up to 7.5 kohms in the case of the silicone composites. These results are interpreted in terms of the presence of pores within the composite material. The response times of the composite electrodes to changes in the applied potential is between 3.1 and 7.2 ms which, although almost an order of magnitude longer than a comparable glassy carbon electrode, is sufficiently rapid to give useful voltammetric data for scan rates of several V s(-1). Close to ideal reversible cyclic voltammetry is observed for ferrocene under semi-infinite diffusion control for scan rates between 0.01 and 0.1 V s(-1) at the Araldite composites. In contrast, the large resistance associated with the silicone based materials causes quasi-reversible responses to be observed over this range of scan rate. Scan rate dependent cyclic voltammetry and time resolved chronoamperometry responses observed for ferrocene in solution are consistent with those expected for a random array of microelectrodes. Scanning electron microscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy has been used to image the shape, size and electrochemical activity of the electroactive zones. In the case of Araldite-M, the quality of the electrode surface has been probed by comparing the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer at a composite microelectrode with that found for a carbon fibre electrode. The standard heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant, k degrees , is 6.0+/-0.1 x 10(-3) cm s(-1) for the composite compared to 1.5+/-0.1 x 10(-1) cm s(-1) for the carbon fibre electrode. While the smaller rate constant found for the composite suggests a less pristine surface, k degrees is sufficiently large to support reversible, electron transfer under typical electroanalytical conditions. These fundamental measurements will underpin the development of enzyme based biosensors for use in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ramírez-García
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
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Merkoçi A, Alegret S. New materials for electrochemical sensing IV. Molecular imprinted polymers. Trends Analyt Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(02)01119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Peña N, Tárrega R, Reviejo AJ, Pingarrón JM. RETICULATED VITREOUS CARBON-BASED COMPOSITE BIENZYME ELECTRODES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ALCOHOLS IN BEER SAMPLES. ANAL LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120014284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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39
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Darder M, Colilla M, Lara N, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Hybrid materials based on lichen–polysiloxane matrices: application as electrochemical sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b207105c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Pividori MI, Merkoçi A, Alegret S. Classical dot-blot format implemented as an amperometric hybridisation genosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 16:1133-42. [PMID: 11679299 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(01)00242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new electrochemical hybridisation genosensor has been designed. This genosensor is based on a concept adapted from classical dot-blot DNA analysis, but implemented in an electrochemical biosensor configuration. The use of amperometric transduction and the enzyme label method--that increases the genosensor sensitivity--are the main features of this new approach. The analytical procedure consists of five steps: DNA target immobilisation by adsorption onto a nylon membrane, hybridisation between DNA target and biotin-DNA probe, complexation reaction between biotin-DNA probe and an enzyme (horseradish peroxidase) streptavidin conjugate; integration of the modified membrane onto an electrochemical transducer; and finally, amperometric detection using a suitable substrate for the enzyme labelled duplex. Besides the adapted dot-blot format, a competitive assay in which the target is in solution is reported as well. This procedure, based on amperometric transduction, represents certain advantages with respect to dot-blot analysis: labelled hybrid detection is far simpler, quicker and requires more ordinary or simple reactives; the response obtained is a direct analytical signal via low-cost instrumentation, a nonisotopic labelling is used, and the membranes can be reused. These characteristics are ideal in implementing the procedure developed in kit form.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Pividori
- Grup de Sensors & Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Ramírez-García S, Céspedes F, Alegret S. Development of Conducting Composite Materials for Electrochemical Sensing in Organic Media. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200105)13:7<529::aid-elan529>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Solé S, Alegret S. Environmental toxicity monitoring using electrochemical biosensing systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2001; 8:256-64. [PMID: 11601362 DOI: 10.1007/bf02987403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring faces the challenge of measuring an increasing number of analytes at ever decreasing concentrations. Since not all species of a given analyte have the same detrimental impact on the environment, new analytical devices and techniques are required to distinguish between the different species of a pollutant or different groups of pollutants. This paper describes analytical techniques based on biomaterials that are toxically sensitive to pollutants. This approach permits the biomonitoring of certain compounds by looking at their toxic properties. Although these techniques are based on a sound analytical strategy, their applications are limited because most of the interactions between the biological material and the analyte are irreversible. Additionally, the immobilised biological material has a limited stability. Several biomonitoring strategies based on electrochemical biosensing are discussed here and how to recover the bioactivity of biosensing system, both in discrete and automated procedures, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Solé
- Grup de Sensors & Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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43
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Macrokinetics of processes in glucose oxidase—peroxidase bienzyme systems when assaying glucose by the H2O2 reduction current: Effect of the enzyme ratio on the steady-state potential and H2O2 reduction current in glucose solutions of different concentrations. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02757669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Morales A, Céspedes F, Alegret S. Graphite–methacrylate biocomposite material with renewable sensing surface for reagentless amperometric biosensors based on glucose dehydrogenase. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(99)00127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Determination of β-HCG using amperometric immunosensors based on a conducting immunocomposite. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Tobalina F, Pariente F, Hernández L, Abruña H, Lorenzo E. Integrated ethanol biosensors based on carbon paste electrodes modified with [Re(phen-dione)(CO)3Cl] and [Fe(phen-dione)3](PF6)2. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Merkoçi A, Braga S, Fàbregas E, Alegret S. A potentiometric biosensor for d-amygdalin based on a consolidated biocomposite membrane. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Reticulated Vitreous Carbon-Based Composite Enzyme Electrodes as Suitable Biosensors in Both Aqueous and Predominantly Nonaqueous Media. ELECTROANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199902)11:2<85::aid-elan85>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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