1
|
Happi GM, Ntabo VK, Tcho AT, Wansi JD. Naturally occurring dimeric triterpenoids: Occurrence, chemistry and bioactivities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 200:113242. [PMID: 35594948 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The triterpenes represent one of the most reported subclasses of specialized metabolites from the plant kingdom. They play a key role in the protection of plants and their metabolism in addition to displaying a high structural diversity and large scale of biological activities. The scaffold can undergo several reactions like oxidation or substitution at different positions of the skeleton leading to the formation of several types of compounds. More specifically, triterpene dimer is a small group of compounds found in nature (from plants precisely). Until 2021, the chemical and pharmacological works reported in the literature indicated the identification of 90 natural dimeric triterpenes and 11 synthetic derivatives from 19 plants species and very few of them have been biologically evaluated for their antibacterial, antioxidant, antiproliferative or molluscicide activities. This review aims to compile the literature on the occurrence, chemistry and biological activities of the triterpenoid dimers. To attend this goal, a literature survey has been done in a number of online libraries including Scifinder, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar using keywords terpene, triterpene, dimer, celastroloid without language restriction. This paper provides the easiest access to the information on triterpene dimers for readers and researchers in view to enhancing the continuity of research works on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gervais Mouthé Happi
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, The University of Bamenda, P.O Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.
| | - Virginia Kien Ntabo
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, The University of Bamenda, P.O Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Alain Tadjong Tcho
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jean Duplex Wansi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ye M, Xu W, He DQ, Wu X, Lai WF, Zhang XQ, Lin Y, Xu W, Li XW. Dammarane-Type Triterpenoids from the Roots of Rhus chinensis and Their Preventive Effects on Zebrafish Heart Failure and Thrombosis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:362-373. [PMID: 32031812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eight new dammarane-type triterpenoids (1-8), together with a related known analogue (9), were isolated from the roots of Rhus chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine for treating coronary artery heart disease, guided by LC-MS analysis. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations. Notably, compounds 1-7 and 9 possess an unusual 17α-side chain, and 1-4, 6, and 9 contain an uncommon 3-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one moiety in the side chain. Compounds 1-5 and 9 have a 3,19-hemiketal bridge in the A ring. In an in vivo bioassay, 1, 2, and 4-6 exhibited significant preventive effects on zebrafish heart failure at 0.5 μg/mL, improving heart dilatation, venous congestion, cardiac output, blood flow velocity, and heart rate. Compound 5, displaying the most promising heart failure preventive activities, showed even better effects on increasing cardiac output (72%) and blood flow velocity (83%) than six first-line heart failure therapeutic drugs. Moreover, 1, 2, and 6 prevented the formation of thrombosis in zebrafish at 0.5 μg/mL. The present investigation suggests that the new dammarane triterpenoids might be partially responsible for the utility of R. chinensis in treating coronary artery heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chien SY, Hsu CH, Lin CC, Chuang YC, Lo YS, Hsi YT, Hsieh MJ, Chen MK. Nimbolide induces apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2085-2092. [PMID: 28383207 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a tumor arising from epithelial cells that cover the surface and line the nasopharynx, is a rare malignancy worldwide but is prevalent in certain geographical areas, such as Southern Asia (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and Southern China) and North Africa. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques and improvements in treatment modalities, the prognosis of NPC remains poor. Therefore, an effective chemotherapy regimen that enhances tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutics is urgently required. Nimbolide, derived from Azadirachta indica, has a wide range of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The present study evaluated the antitumor activity of nimbolide in NPC cells and its underlying mechanisms. Our results revealed that the treatment of HONE-1 cells with nimbolide potently inhibited cell viability. Moreover, nimbolide led to cell cycle arrest, which subsequently activated caspase-3, -8, and -9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase to induce cell apoptosis. Moreover, nimbolide induced Bik, Bax, and t-Bid expression in HONE-1 cells. The results indicated that nimbolide induces apoptosis through the modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways. Nimbolide induces apoptosis in human NPC cells and is a potential chemopreventive agent against NPC proliferation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 2085-2092, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yu Chien
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
- College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan
- Department of Recreation and Holistic Wellness, Mingdao University, Changhua, 52345, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Hsu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsi
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
- School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hess BA. Computational studies on the cyclization of squalene to the steroids and hopenes. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2133-2145. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A review of computational studies of the related biosyntheses of steroids and hopenes reported during the last two decades is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Andes Hess
- Department of Chemistry
- Vanderbilt University
- Nashville
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Omoyeni OA, Hussein A, Meyer M, Green I, Iwuoha E. Pleiocarpa pycnantha leaves and its triterpenes induce apoptotic cell death in Caco-2 cells in vitro. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:224. [PMID: 26169589 PMCID: PMC4499947 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently, we reported that the crude fractions and pure triterpenes; ursolic acid (C1), 27-E and 27-Z p-coumaric esters of ursolic acid (C2, C3), together with a new triterpene 2,3-seco-taraxer-14-en-2,3-lactone [pycanocarpine (C4)] and its hydrolysed derivative - (2,3-seco-taraxen-4-hydroxy-14-en-2-oic acid) [pycanocarpene (C5)] from Pleiocarpa pycnantha leaves inhibit cell proliferation. However, there has not been any specific report on the use of Pleiocarpa pycnantha leaves and its constituents to kill colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer CaCo-2 cells. We performed in vitro study to evaluate the cytotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract of P. pycnanthaP, compounds C2 and C3. A preliminary study of the potential mechanisms were also undertaken. Methods Cell viability was measured by WST-1 assay. The Apoptosis level was evaluated by staining with APOPercentage™ dye and the induction of caspases 3/7 and 9 using Caspase-Glo® assays. Results The exposure of an ethanolic extract from the leaves of P. pycnantha (0.1–1000 μg/ml) and the isolated compounds C2 and C3 (6,25–100 μg/ml) to human colorectal cancer cells reduced the cell viability with an IC50 > 100, 40.9, 36.3 μg/ml for P, C2 and C3 respectively, after 24 h of incubation. The APOPercentageTM assay also showed a considerable increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells after 24 h; (25–38 % for P, 5–23 % for C2 and 6–47 % for C3). Caspase 3 was also activated which is a hallmark of apoptosis. Conclusion These findings suggest that the P. pycnantha and the isolated compounds induce cell apoptosis in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. A further study with other cell lines is also recommended.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chudzik M, Korzonek-Szlacheta I, Król W. Triterpenes as potentially cytotoxic compounds. Molecules 2015; 20:1610-25. [PMID: 25608043 PMCID: PMC6272502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20011610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenes are compounds of natural origin, which have numerously biological activities: anti-cancer properties, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal. These substances can be isolated from plants, animals or fungi. Nowadays, when neoplasms are main cause of death, triterpenes can become an alternative method for treating cancer because of their cytotoxic properties and chemopreventive activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Chudzik
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, Zabrze 41-808, Poland.
| | - Ilona Korzonek-Szlacheta
- Department of Nutrition-Associated Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Piekarska 18, Bytom 41-902, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Król
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, Zabrze 41-808, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
New triterpenic acids from Uncaria rhynchophylla: Chemistry, NO-inhibitory activity, and tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Fitoterapia 2014; 96:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Hess BA, Smentek L. The Concerted Nature of the Cyclization of Squalene Oxide to the Protosterol Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
9
|
Hess BA, Smentek L. The concerted nature of the cyclization of squalene oxide to the protosterol cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11029-33. [PMID: 24038770 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Concerted A-C ring formation: A concerted, but highly asynchronous, pathway was identified for the formation of rings A-C in the biosynthetic conversion of squalene oxide to the prosterol cation, with ring B being formed in the required boat conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Andes Hess
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 (USA).
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shan WG, Zhang LW, Xiang JG, Zhan ZJ. Natural Friedelanes. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1392-434. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
11
|
Ríos JL, Andújar I, Recio MC, Giner RM. Lanostanoids from fungi: a group of potential anticancer compounds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:2016-2044. [PMID: 23092389 DOI: 10.1021/np300412h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lanostanes are a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids derived from lanosterol. They have relevant biological and pharmacological properties, such as their cytotoxic effects via induction of apoptosis. This review compiles the most relevant lanostanoids studied from 2000 to 2011, principally those isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and other related fungi, such as Poria cocos, Laetiporus sulphureus, Inonotus obliquus, Antrodia camphorata, Daedalea dickinsii, and Elfvingia applanata, which have great potential as anticancer agents because of their cytotoxic or apoptotic effects. The compounds were selected on the basis of their proapoptotic mechanisms, through their ability to modify transcriptional activities via nuclear factors or genes and the activation or inhibition of pro- or antiapoptotic proteins; studies based only on their cytotoxicity were excluded from this review in the absence of complementary studies on their mechanisms of action. A total of 81 compounds from Ganoderma lucidum and other species from this genus are included, as well as 96 compounds isolated from other fungi, principally Poria cocos. Some of these compounds were found to arrest the cell cycle in the G1 phase, increase levels of p53 and Bax, or inhibit the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 or the activation of NF-κB and AP-1. Other lanostanes have inhibitory effects on the growth of androgen prostate carcinoma through increasing the expression of p21, which activates the tumor suppressor protein p53, while other compounds have been shown to selectively inhibit topo II activity without affecting topo I. General considerations concerning the chemical structure-biological activities of these compounds are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia , Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Pareek TK, Belkadi A, Kesavapany S, Zaremba A, Loh SL, Bai L, Cohen ML, Meyer C, Liby KT, Miller RH, Sporn MB, Letterio JJ. Triterpenoid modulation of IL-17 and Nrf-2 expression ameliorates neuroinflammation and promotes remyelination in autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2011; 1:201. [PMID: 22355716 PMCID: PMC3242013 DOI: 10.1038/srep00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines and endogenous anti-oxidants are variables affecting disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we demonstrate the dual capacity of triterpenoids to simultaneously repress production of IL-17 and other pro-inflammatory mediators while exerting neuroprotective effects directly through Nrf2-dependent induction of anti-oxidant genes. Derivatives of the natural triterpene oleanolic acid, namely CDDO-trifluoroethyl-amide (CDDO-TFEA), completely suppressed disease in a murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 mRNA and cytokine production. Encephalitogenic T cells recovered from treated mice were hypo-responsive to myelin antigen and failed to adoptively transfer the disease. Microarray analyses showed significant suppression of pro-inflammatory transcripts with concomitant induction of anti-inflammatory genes including Ptgds and Hsd11b1. Finally, triterpenoids induced oligodendrocyte maturation in vitro and enhanced myelin repair in an LPC-induced non-inflammatory model of demyelination in vivo. These results demonstrate the unique potential of triterpenoid derivatives for the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders such as MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tej K. Pareek
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Abdelmadjid Belkadi
- Centers for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Ohio 44106, Cleveland
| | - Sashi Kesavapany
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597
| | - Anita Zaremba
- Centers for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Ohio 44106, Cleveland
| | - Sook L. Loh
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597
| | - Lianhua Bai
- Centers for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Ohio 44106, Cleveland
| | - Mark L. Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, OH 44106
| | - Colin Meyer
- Reata Pharmaceuticals Inc., Irving, TX 75063
| | - Karen T. Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Robert H. Miller
- Centers for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Ohio 44106, Cleveland
| | - Michael B. Sporn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - John J. Letterio
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gong W, Jiang Z, Sun P, Li L, Jin Y, Shao L, Zhang W, Liu B, Zhang H, Tang H, Chen Y, Yi Y, Zhang D. Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of Esculentoside A and Its Aglycone Phytolaccagenin, and Evaluation of Their Haemolytic Activity and Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Production. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1833-52. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
15
|
Smentek L, Hess BA. Compelling Computational Evidence for the Concerted Cyclization of the ABC Rings of Hopene from Protonated Squalene. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17111-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1039133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Smentek
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - B. Andes Hess
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rahmatullah M, Rahman MA, Hossan MS, Taufiq-Ur-Rahman M, Jahan R, Mollik MAH. A Pharmacological and Phytochemical Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Used by the Harbang Clan of the Tripura Tribal Community of Mirsharai Area, Chittagong District, Bangladesh. J Altern Complement Med 2010; 16:769-85. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2009.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asifur Rahman
- Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahadat Hossan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ariful Haque Mollik
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Biavatti MW, Westerlon R, Burger C, Mora TC, De Souza MM. Antinociceptive action of limonexic acid obtained from Raulinoa echinata. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:1573-81. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.11.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The antinociceptive effect of the limonexic acid isolate of Raulinoa echinata Cowan in four models of pain in mice is described. When evaluated against acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions, limonexic acid (10, 30 and 60 mg kg−1, i.p.) produced dose-related inhibition of the number of constrictions, with a mean ID50 value of 43 (2.3–79) μmol kg−1, and was more potent than some standard drugs. In the formalin test, limonexic acid inhibited both the first and second phases of formalin-induced pain. Furthermore, the effect was more pronounced in the second phase, with a mean ID50 value of 13.66 (9.35–19.61) μmol kg−1, and had a pharmacological profile that was similar to standard drugs such as acetaminophen and acetyl salicylic acid. Limonexic acid also produced dose-related inhibition of glutamate- and capsaicin-induced pain, with mean ID50 values of 11.67 (8.51–16.0) μmol kg−1 and 47.17 (36.51–60.93) μmol kg−1, respectively. The mechanism of action is not completely understood, but seems to involve direct interaction with the GABAergic and nitroxidergic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maique W Biavatti
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, CP 360, 88303-202, Itajaí - SC, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Westerlon
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, CP 360, 88303-202, Itajaí - SC, Brazil
| | - Cristiani Burger
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, CP 360, 88303-202, Itajaí - SC, Brazil
| | - Ticiana Camila Mora
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, CP 360, 88303-202, Itajaí - SC, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria De Souza
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, CP 360, 88303-202, Itajaí - SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bourque LE, Haile PA, Woerpel KA. Silylene-mediated ring contraction of homoallylic ethers to form allylic silanes. J Org Chem 2010; 74:7180-2. [PMID: 19681592 DOI: 10.1021/jo901111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Isopulegol derivatives undergo a ring contraction under silylene-mediated conditions to provide cyclopentane products. Silylene transfer to other homoallylic ethers did not provide the ring contraction products. Allylic silane products were elaborated to determine the stereochemical course of the ring contraction reaction. A mechanism for the transformation is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Bourque
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kuo RY, Qian K, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Plant-derived triterpenoids and analogues as antitumor and anti-HIV agents. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:1321-44. [PMID: 19779642 DOI: 10.1039/b810774m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reen-Yen Kuo
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thibeault D, Gauthier C, Legault J, Bouchard J, Dufour P, Pichette A. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship study of cytotoxic germanicane- and lupane-type 3β-O-monodesmosidic saponins starting from betulin. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6144-57. [PMID: 17614290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Germanicane-type triterpenes allobetulin (3) and 28-oxoallobetulin (4) can be obtained by the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of the more available lupane-type triterpenes betulin (1) and betulinic acid (2), respectively. The medical uses of betulinic acid (2) and its derivatives are limited because of their poor hydrosolubility and pharmacokinetics properties. In order to overcome this major problem, we synthesized and studied the in vitro anticancer activity of a series of 3beta-O-monodesmosidic saponins derived from betulin (14-16), betulinic acid (20-22), allobetulin (23-28) and 28-oxoallobetulin (29-34) based on six different natural sugar residues (d-glucose, l-rhamnose, d-arabinose, d-galactose, d-mannose and d-xylose). This structure-activity relationship study confirmed that betulinic acid saponins are generally better in vitro anticancer agents than those derived from betulin with the exception of betulin 3beta-O-alpha-d-mannopyranoside (15) which exerted a potent cytotoxic activity against lung carcinoma (A-549) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) human cell lines with IC(50) ranging from 7.3 to 10.1mumol/L. Furthermore, although the synthesis of novel germanicane-type saponins was carried out with success, the bioactivity measured for these glycosides was not as high as we anticipated since only the 3beta-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside and 3beta-O-beta-d-galactopyranoside of allobetulin (23,24) showed moderate anticancer activity (IC(50) 30-40 micromol/L).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Thibeault
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boul. de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu D, Wild CT, Martin DE, Morris-Natschke SL, Chen CH, Allaway GP, Lee KH. The discovery of a class of novel HIV-1 maturation inhibitors and their potential in the therapy of HIV. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14:681-93. [PMID: 16004596 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.6.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although HIV infection is now primarily treated with reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors, HIV therapy must look toward new drugs with novel mechanism(s) of action to both improve efficacy and address the growing problem of drug resistance. Using natural products as a source of biologically active compounds, our drug discovery program has successfully optimised the natural product betulinic acid to the first-in-class maturation inhibitor 3-O-(3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl)-betulinic acid (DSB). DSB's unique viral target has been identified as a late step in Gag processing. Specifically, it inhibits the cleavage of the capsid precursor, CA-SP1, resulting in a block to the processing of mature capsid protein leading to a defect in viral core condensation. DSB represents a unique class of anti-HIV compounds that inhibit virus maturation and provide additional opportunities for anti-HIV therapy. In this review, the discovery of DSB and its mode of action are summarised. Anti-AIDS Agents part 64. For part 63 in the series, see YU D, LEE KH: Recent progress and prospects on plant-derived anti-HIV agents and analogs. In: Medicinal Chemistry of Bioactive Natural Products. XT Liang, WS Fang (Eds), Wiley, New York, USA (2005) (In Press).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Yu
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|