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Haouas M. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for In Situ Monitoring of Porous Materials Formation under Hydrothermal Conditions. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11081416. [PMID: 30103562 PMCID: PMC6119870 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The employment of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for studying crystalline porous materials formation is reviewed in the context of the development of in situ methodologies for the observation of the real synthesis medium, with the aim of unraveling the nucleation and growth processes mechanism. Both liquid and solid state NMR techniques are considered to probe the local environment at molecular level of the precursor species either soluble in the liquid phase or present in the reactive gel. Because the mass transport between the liquid and solid components of the heterogeneous system plays a key role in the synthesis course, the two methods provide unique insights and are complementary. Recent technological advances for hydrothermal conditions NMR are detailed and their applications to zeolite and related materials crystallization are illustrated. Achievements in the field are exemplified with some representative studies of relevance to zeolites, aluminophosphate zeotypes, and metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haouas
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 av. des Etats-Unis, 78330 Versailles, France.
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Facile Low Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of BaTiO3 Nanoparticles Studied by In Situ X-ray Diffraction. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8060253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Diodati S, Dolcet P, Casarin M, Gross S. Pursuing the Crystallization of Mono- and Polymetallic Nanosized Crystalline Inorganic Compounds by Low-Temperature Wet-Chemistry and Colloidal Routes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11449-502. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Diodati
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via
Marzolo, 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Dolcet
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via
Marzolo, 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
- Istituto per l’Energetica e le Interfasi, IENI-CNR and INSTM, UdR Padova, via Marzolo, 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via
Marzolo, 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
- Istituto per l’Energetica e le Interfasi, IENI-CNR and INSTM, UdR Padova, via Marzolo, 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Gross
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via
Marzolo, 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
- Istituto per l’Energetica e le Interfasi, IENI-CNR and INSTM, UdR Padova, via Marzolo, 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
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Pienack N, Bensch W. In-Situ Monitoring of the Formation of Crystalline Solids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2014-34. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ramaswamy P, Hegde NN, Prabhu R, Vidya VM, Datta A, Natarajan S. Synthesis, Structure, and Transformation Studies in a Family of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Framework Structures Based on Indium. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:11697-711. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901744m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Ramaswamy
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nayana N. Hegde
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ramanath Prabhu
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - V. M. Vidya
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram, CET Campus, Thiruvananthapuram - 695016, Kerala, India
| | - Srinivasan Natarajan
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Jacques SD, Leynaud O, Strusevich D, Stukas P, Barnes P, Sankar G, Sheehy M, O’Brien MG, Iglesias-Juez A, Beale AM. Recent progress in the use of in situ X-ray methods for the study of heterogeneous catalysts in packed-bed capillary reactors. Catal Today 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Follens LRA, Reichel EK, Riesch C, Vermant J, Martens JA, Kirschhock CEA, Jakoby B. Viscosity sensing in heated alkaline zeolite synthesis media. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:2854-7. [PMID: 19421498 DOI: 10.1039/b816040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A quartz disc resonator operating in thickness shear mode was used for the in situ monitoring of the viscosity during zeolite crystal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana R A Follens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K. U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Michailovski A, Grunwaldt JD, Baiker A, Kiebach R, Bensch W, Patzke GR. Studying the solvothermal formation of MoO3 fibers by complementary in situ EXAFS/EDXRD techniques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:5643-7. [PMID: 16059953 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexej Michailovski
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Beale AM, van der Eerden AMJ, Jacques SDM, Leynaud O, O'Brien MG, Meneau F, Nikitenko S, Bras W, Weckhuysen BM. A Combined SAXS/WAXS/XAFS Setup Capable of Observing Concurrent Changes Across the Nano-to-Micrometer Size Range in Inorganic Solid Crystallization Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:12386-7. [PMID: 16984167 DOI: 10.1021/ja062580r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel combined SAXS/WAXS/XAFS setup for studying the self-assembly processes occurring during the crystallization of porous materials, such as ZnAlPO-34, is described. In a single experiment, it has been possible to obtain congruent and time-resolved information on aggregation processes in the synthesis gel, the incorporation process of Zn2+ ions in the framework, and the formation of the crystalline material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Beale
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Michailovski A, Grunwaldt JD, Baiker A, Kiebach R, Bensch W, Patzke GR. Untersuchung der solvothermalen Bildung von MoO3-Fasern mithilfe komplementärer In-situ-EXAFS/EDXRD-Techniken. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hydrothermal reversible interconversion of two zincophosphates with three-dimensional open frameworks containing diprotonated 1,4-diazacycloheptane molecules. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Norquist AJ, O'Hare D. Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations of Hydrothermal Transformations in Zinc Phosphates. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:6673-9. [PMID: 15161295 DOI: 10.1021/ja049860w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The room-temperature crystallization of [C(6)N(2)H(18)][Zn(HPO(4))(H(2)PO(4))(2)], an organically templated zinc phosphate containing [Zn(2)(HPO(4))(2)(H(2)PO(4))(4)](4)(-) molecular anions, and its transformation to compounds containing either one- or two-dimensional inorganic components, [C(6)N(2)H(18)][Zn(3)(H(2)O)(4)(HPO(4))(4)], [C(4)N(2)H(12)][Zn(HPO(4))(2)(H(2)O)], or [C(3)N(2)H(6)][Zn(4)(OH)(PO(4))(3)], under hydrothermal conditions were studied in-situ using energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. The ability to collect data during reactions in a large volume ( approximately 23 mL) Teflon-lined autoclave under real laboratory conditions has allowed for the elucidation of kinetic and mechanistic information. Kinetic data have been determined by monitoring changes in the integrated peak intensities of Bragg reflections and have been modeled using the Avrami-Erofe'ev expression. The crystallization of [C(6)N(2)H(18)][Zn(HPO(4))(H(2)PO(4))(2)] is a diffusion-controlled process, while nucleation is increasingly more important in determining the overall rate of the formation of [C(6)N(2)H(18)][Zn(3)(H(2)O)(4)(HPO(4))(4)], [C(4)N(2)H(12)][Zn(HPO(4))(2)(H(2)O)], and [C(3)N(2)H(6)][Zn(4)(OH)(PO(4))(3)]. The transformation of [C(6)N(2)H(18)][Zn(HPO(4))(H(2)PO(4))(2)] to [C(4)N(2)H(12)][Zn(HPO(4))(2)(H(2)O)] and [C(3)N(2)H(6)][Zn(4)(OH)(PO(4))(3)] occurs via a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism, while the transformation to [C(6)N(2)H(18)][Zn(3)(H(2)O)(4)(HPO(4))(4)] may be the first observation of a direct topochemical conversion of one organically templated solid to another under hydrothermal conditions.
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