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Ebrahimi S, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Stummer W, Gorji A. Enhancing 5-ALA-PDT efficacy against resistant tumor cells: Strategies and advances. Life Sci 2024; 351:122808. [PMID: 38852796 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
As a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), an endogenous pro-apoptotic and fluorescent molecule, 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has gained substantial attention for its potential in fluorescence-guided surgery as well as photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, 5-ALA-PDT has been suggested as a promising chemo-radio sensitization therapy for various cancers. However, insufficient 5-ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence and the induction of multiple resistance mechanisms may hinder the 5-ALA-PDT clinical outcome. Reduced efficacy and resistance to 5-ALA-PDT can result from genomic alterations, tumor heterogeneity, hypoxia, activation of pathways related to cell surveillance, production of nitric oxide, and most importantly, deregulated 5-ALA transporter proteins and heme biosynthesis enzymes. Understanding the resistance regulatory mechanisms of 5-ALA-PDT may allow the development of effective personalized cancer therapy. Here, we described the mechanisms underlying resistance to 5-ALA-PTD across various tumor types and explored potential strategies to overcome this resistance. Furthermore, we discussed future approaches that may enhance the efficacy of treatments using 5-ALA-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Ebrahimi
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1996835911, Iran
| | | | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Münster University, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, 48149 Münster, Germany; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1996835911, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9177948564 Mashhad, Iran.
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Matsumura H, Shen LTW, Isozaki A, Mikami H, Yuan D, Miura T, Kondo Y, Mori T, Kusumoto Y, Nishikawa M, Yasumoto A, Ueda A, Bando H, Hara H, Liu Y, Deng Y, Sonoshita M, Yatomi Y, Goda K, Matsusaka S. Virtual-freezing fluorescence imaging flow cytometry with 5-aminolevulinic acid stimulation and antibody labeling for detecting all forms of circulating tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1561-1575. [PMID: 36648503 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00856d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are precursors to cancer metastasis. In blood circulation, they take various forms such as single CTCs, CTC clusters, and CTC-leukocyte clusters, all of which have unique characteristics in terms of physiological function and have been a subject of extensive research in the last several years. Unfortunately, conventional methods are limited in accurately analysing the highly heterogeneous nature of CTCs. Here we present an effective strategy for simultaneously analysing all forms of CTCs in blood by virtual-freezing fluorescence imaging (VIFFI) flow cytometry with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) stimulation and antibody labeling. VIFFI is an optomechanical imaging method that virtually freezes the motion of fast-flowing cells on an image sensor to enable high-throughput yet sensitive imaging of every single event. 5-ALA stimulates cancer cells to induce the accumulation of protoporphyrin (PpIX), a red fluorescent substance, making it possible to detect all cancer cells even if they show no expression of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule, a typical CTC biomarker. Although PpIX signals are generally weak, VIFFI flow cytometry can detect them by virtue of its high sensitivity. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of the strategy, we applied cancer cells spiked in blood to the strategy to demonstrate image-based detection and accurate classification of single cancer cells, clusters of cancer cells, and clusters of a cancer cell(s) and a leukocyte(s). To show the clinical utility of our method, we used it to evaluate blood samples of four breast cancer patients and four healthy donors and identified EpCAM-positive PpIX-positive cells in one of the patient samples. Our work paves the way toward the determination of cancer prognosis, the guidance and monitoring of treatment, and the design of antitumor strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Larina Tzu-Wei Shen
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Isozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hideharu Mikami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Taichi Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yuto Kondo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Mori
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yoshika Kusumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yasumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Aya Ueda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, 605-8576, Japan
| | - Hiroko Bando
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hisato Hara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yunjie Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Sonoshita
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
- CYBO, Tokyo 101-0022, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
- Tsukuba Clinical Research and Development Organization, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Wen Y, Zeng L, Chen Q, Li Y, Fu M, Wang Z, Liu H, Li X, Huang P, Wu W, Zou Q, Yi W. RNA-Seq-based transcriptomics analysis during the photodynamic therapy of primary cells in secondary hyperparathyroidism. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023; 22:905-917. [PMID: 36750541 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify changes in gene expression before and after 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (5-ALA-PDT) and to investigate the potential mechanism of 5-ALA-PDT based on ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. METHODS Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) primary cells were isolated from surgically excised specimens and exposed to laser light. The transcription profiles of SHPT primary cells were identified through RNA-Seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Enrichment of functions and signaling pathway analysis were performed based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were used to validate genes based on RNA-Seq results. RESULTS In total, 1320 DEGs were identified, of which 1019 genes were upregulated and 301 genes were downregulated. GO and KEGG pathway analyses identified significantly enriched pathways in DEGs, including TGF beta in extracellular matrix (ECM), negative regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process, protein heterodimerization activity, systemic lupus erythematosus, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion and protein digestion and absorption. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses identified potential heat shock protein (HSP) interactions among the DEGs. Eight HSP genes were also identified that were most likely involved in 5-ALA-PDT, which were further validated by RT-qPCR and western blotting. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this descriptive study reveal changes in the transcriptome profile during 5-ALA-PDT, suggesting that gene expression and mutation, signaling pathways, and the molecular network are altered in SHPT primary cells. The above findings provide new insight for further studies on the mechanisms underlying 5-ALA-PDT in SHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qitong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdie Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiejia Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongyan Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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Liu X, Fan D, Ren Y, Huang S, Ding J, Liu M, Wegner SV, Hou J, Rong P, Chen F, Zeng W. Photo-Activable Organosilver Nanosystem Facilitates Synergistic Cancer Theranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:711-722. [PMID: 36579754 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drug development is important for human health, yet it remains a tremendous challenge. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which induces cancer cell apoptosis via light-triggered production of reactive oxygen species, is a promising method. However, it has minimal efficacy in subcellular targeting, hypoxic microenvironments, and deep-seated malignancies. Here, we constructed a breast cancer photo-activable theranostic nanosystem through the rational design of a synthetic lysosomal-targeted molecule with multifunctions as aggregation-induced near-infrared (NIR) emission, a photosensitizer (PDT), and organosilver (chemotherapy) for NIR imaging and synergistic cancer therapy. The synthetic molecule could self-assemble into nanoparticles (TPIMBS NPs) and be stabilized with amphiphilic block copolymers for enhanced accumulation in tumor sites through passive targeting while reducing the leakage in normal tissues. Through photochemical internalization, TPIMBS NPs preferentially concentrated in the lysosomes of cancer cells and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation, resulting in lysosomal rupture and release of PSs to the cytosol, which led to cell apoptosis. Further, the photoinduced release of Ag+ from TPIMBS NPs could act as chemotherapy, significantly improving the overall therapeutic efficacy by synergistic effects with PDT. This research sheds fresh light on the creation of effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Duoyang Fan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Yueming Ren
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Jipeng Ding
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Seraphine V Wegner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jing Hou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
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Correlation of Intraoperative 5-ALA-Induced Fluorescence Intensity and Preoperative 11C-Methionine PET Uptake in Glioma Surgery. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061449. [PMID: 35326600 PMCID: PMC8946621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In malignant brain tumor surgery, precise identification of the tumor is essential. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) labels tumor cells with red fluorescence to facilitate tumor resection. On the other hand, the nuclear medicine imaging technique, positron emission tomography with 11C-methionine (MET-PET), can delineate tumors precisely but is not widely available. This study aimed to determine the correlation between intraoperative 5-ALA-induced fluorescence and preoperative MET-PET signals of gliomas. We quantitatively measured the fluorescence intensity from tumor samples and calculated the MET-PET uptake by the tumor. Our study showed that strong tumor fluorescence correlated with high MET-PET uptake and cellular proliferation. Our findings might be valuable to rapidly provide information on tumor biology at the time of surgery in circumstances where MET-PET is inaccessible. Abstract Background: 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is widely employed to assist fluorescence-guided surgery for malignant brain tumors. Positron emission tomography with 11C-methionine (MET-PET) represents the activity of brain tumors with precise boundaries but is not readily available. We hypothesized that quantitative 5-ALA-induced fluorescence intensity might correlate with MET-PET uptake in gliomas. Methods: Adult patients with supratentorial astrocytic gliomas who underwent preoperative MET-PET and surgical tumor resection using 5-ALA were enrolled in this prospective study. The regional tumor uptake of MET-PET was expressed as the ratio of standardized uptake volume max to that of the normal contralateral frontal lobe. A spectrometric fluorescence detection system measured tumor specimens’ ex vivo fluorescence intensity at 635 nm. Ki-67 index and IDH mutation status were assessed by histopathological analysis. Use of an antiepileptic drug (AED) and contrast enhancement pattern on MRI were also investigated. Results: Thirty-two patients, mostly with Glioblastoma IDH wild type (46.9%) and anaplastic astrocytoma IDH mutant (21.9%), were analyzed. When the fluorescence intensity was ranked into four groups, the strongest fluorescence group exhibited the highest mean MET-PET uptake and Ki-67 index values. When rearranged into fluorescence Visible or Non-visible groups, the Visible group had significantly higher MET-PET uptake and Ki-67 index compared to the Non-visible group. Contrast enhancement on MRI and IDH wild type tumors were more frequent among the Visible group. AED use did not correlate with 5-ALA-induced fluorescence intensity. Conclusions: In astrocytic glioma surgery, visible 5-ALA-induced fluorescence correlated with high MET-PET uptake, along with a high Ki-67 index.
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Tung FI, Chen LC, Wang YC, Chen MH, Shueng PW, Liu TY. Using a Hybrid Radioenhancer to Discover Tumor Cell-targeted Treatment for Osteosarcoma: An In Vitro Study. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3877-3889. [PMID: 33213306 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201118155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is insensitive to radiation. High-dose radiation is often used as a treatment but causes side effects in patients. Hence, it is important to develop tumor cell-- targeted radiotherapy that could improve radiotherapy efficiency on tumor cells and reduce the toxic effect on normal cells during radiation treatment. In this study, we developed an innovative method for treating osteosarcoma by using a novel radiation-enhancer (i.e., carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan-coated self-assembled Au@Fe3O4 nanoparticles; CSAF NPs). CSAF NPs were employed together with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5- ALA) to achieve tumor cell-targeted radiotherapy. In this study, osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and normal cells (MC3T3-E1) were used for an in vitro investigation, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, cell viability assay, clonogenic assay, and western blot were used to confirm the treatment efficiency. The ROS assay showed that the combination of CSAF NPs and 5-ALA enhanced radiation-induced ROS production in tumor cells (MG63); however, this was not observed in normal cells (MC3T3-E1). The cell viability ratio of normal cells to tumor cells after treatment with CSAF NPs and 5-ALA reached 2.79. Moreover, the clonogenic assay showed that the radiosensitivity of MG63 cells was increased by the combination use of CSAF NPs and 5-ALA. This was supported by performing a western blot that confirmed the expression of cytochrome c (a marker of cell mitochondria damage) and caspase-3 (a marker of cell apoptosis). The results provide an essential basis for developing tumor-cell targeted radiotherapy by means of low-- dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-I Tung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Li-Chin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Pei-Wei Shueng
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, China
| | - Tse-Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
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Ogawa M, Takakura H. Photoimmunotherapy: A new cancer treatment using photochemical reactions. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 43:116274. [PMID: 34139484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a new molecular-targeted phototherapy in which administration of an antibody conjugated to IR700 (Ab-IR700, a phthalocyanine derivative) is followed by irradiation with near-infrared light. PIT induces cell death due to cell membrane damage, and the formation of IR700 aggregates on the cell membrane triggered by photochemical reactions is an important mechanism of cell killing. Specifically, water-soluble axial ligands of IR700 are cleaved by the photochemical reaction, and the phthalocyanine stacks up due to the π-π interaction, resulting in the formation of aggregates. In addition, the formation of IR700 radical anions and their protonation are essential for the progress of this photochemical reaction. The elucidation of these mechanisms may lead to the development of more effective compounds in the future. In addition, the optical properties of phthalocyanine are expected to expand the medical application of phthalocyanine derivatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Ogawa
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Hideo Takakura
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Tougan T, Itagaki S, Toya Y, Uchihashi K, Horii T. Implementation of a red blood cell-optical (RBO) channel for detection of latent iron deficiency anaemia by automated measurement of autofluorescence-emitting red blood cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15605. [PMID: 32973246 PMCID: PMC7518259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder worldwide. The automated haematology analyser XN-30 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) was developed to detect malaria-infected red blood cells (RBCs) in human blood samples using flow cytometry. The optical system of the analyser detects autofluorescence (AF)-emitting RBCs containing iron-deficient haem groups and would aid in the diagnosis of anaemia resulting from iron deficiency. Here, an RBC-optical (RBO) channel was devised and implemented on the analyser. In vitro analyses showed that the analyser detected AF-emitting RBCs treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid. Furthermore, the analyser detected AF-emitting RBCs in mice fed a low iron diet and infected with a rodent malaria parasite; it could also be effectively used in humans. This study demonstrates that the analyser can quantitatively and reproducibly detect AF-emitting RBCs and measure other haematological parameters, suggesting its usefulness for the initial evaluation of latent iron deficiency anaemia in conjunction with the diagnosis of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tougan
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Sawako Itagaki
- Department of Malaria Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Toya
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai Nishiku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Kinya Uchihashi
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai Nishiku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Malaria Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Baysan M, Arbous MS, Mik EG, Juffermans NP, van der Bom JG. Study protocol and pilot results of an observational cohort study evaluating effect of red blood cell transfusion on oxygenation and mitochondrial oxygen tension in critically ill patients with anaemia: the INsufficient Oxygenation in the Intensive Care Unit (INOX ICU-2) study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036351. [PMID: 32423938 PMCID: PMC7239524 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recently developed protoporphyrin IX-triple state lifetime technique measures mitochondrial oxygenation tension (mitoPO2) in vivo at the bedside. MitoPO2might be an early indicator of oxygen disbalance in cells of critically ill patients and therefore may support clinical decisions regarding red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. We aim to investigate the effect of RBC transfusion and the associated changes in haemoglobin concentration on mitoPO2 and other physiological measures of tissue oxygenation and oxygen balance in critically ill patients with anaemia. We present the protocol and pilot results for this study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We perform a prospective multicentre observational study in three mixed intensive care units in the Netherlands with critically ill patients with anaemia in whom an RBC transfusion is planned. The skin of the anterior chest wall of the patients is primed with a 5-aminolevulinic acid patch for 4 hours for induction of mitochondrial protoporphyrin-IX to enable measurements of mitoPO2, which is done with the COMET monitoring device. At multiple predefined moments, before and after RBC transfusion, we assess mitoPO2 and other physiological parameters of oxygen balance and tissue oxygenation. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the data. A linear mixed-effect model will be used to study the association between RBC transfusion and mitoPO2 and other traditional parameters of oxygenation, oxygen delivery and oxygen balance. Missing data will be imputed using multiple imputation methods. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The institutional ethics committee of each participating centre approved the study (reference P16.303), which will be conducted according to the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03092297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Baysan
- Department of Intensive Care, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research Clinical Transfusion Research, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Mendi S Arbous
- Department of Intensive Care, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert G Mik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC - Location AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna G van der Bom
- Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research Clinical Transfusion Research, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
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Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Latos W, Cieślar G, Sieroń K, Kwiatek S, Oleś P, Kwiatek B, Aebisher D, Krupka M, Wiench R, Skaba D, Olek M, Kasperski J, Czuba Z, Sieroń A. Clinical Trials and Basic Research in Photodynamic Diagnostics and Therapies from the Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy in Poland. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:539-549. [PMID: 32112419 DOI: 10.1111/php.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the development of photodiagnostic and photodynamic therapy (PDD and PDT) techniques in Poland. The paper discusses the principles of PDD, including fluorescent techniques in determining precancerous conditions and cancers of the skin, digestive tract, bladder and respiratory tract. Methods of PDT of cancer will be discussed and the current state of knowledge as well as future trends in the development of photodynamic techniques will be presented, including the possibility of using photodynamic antimicrobial therapy. Research pioneers in photodynamic medicine such as Thomas Dougherty are an inspiration for the development of methods of PDD and PDT in our Clinic. The Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy in Bytom, Poland, promotes the propagation of PDD and PDT through the training of clinicians and raising awareness among students in training and the general public. Physicians at the Center are engaged in photomedical research aimed at clinical implementation and exploration of new avenues in photomedicine while optimizing existing modalities. The Center promotes dissemination of clinical results from a wide range of topics in PDD and PDT and serving as representative authorities of photodynamic medicine in Poland and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Latos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Karolina Sieroń
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland.,Department of Physical Medicine, Chair of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kwiatek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Piotr Oleś
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Beata Kwiatek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Rafał Wiench
- Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dariusz Skaba
- Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin Olek
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jacek Kasperski
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zenon Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksander Sieroń
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland.,Department of Physiotherapy, Jan Dlugosz University in Częstochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
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Vettore L, Westbrook RL, Tennant DA. New aspects of amino acid metabolism in cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:150-156. [PMID: 31819187 PMCID: PMC7052246 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An abundant supply of amino acids is important for cancers to sustain their proliferative drive. Alongside their direct role as substrates for protein synthesis, they can have roles in energy generation, driving the synthesis of nucleosides and maintenance of cellular redox homoeostasis. As cancer cells exist within a complex and often nutrient-poor microenvironment, they sometimes exist as part of a metabolic community, forming relationships that can be both symbiotic and parasitic. Indeed, this is particularly evident in cancers that are auxotrophic for particular amino acids. This review discusses the stromal/cancer cell relationship, by using examples to illustrate a number of different ways in which cancer cells can rely on and contribute to their microenvironment - both as a stable network and in response to therapy. In addition, it examines situations when amino acid synthesis is driven through metabolic coupling to other reactions, and synthesis is in excess of the cancer cell's proliferative demand. Finally, it highlights the understudied area of non-proteinogenic amino acids in cancer metabolism and their potential role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Vettore
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebecca L Westbrook
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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Chaves OA, Menezes LB, Iglesias BA. Multiple spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of meso-tetra-(4-pyridyl)porphyrin‑ruthenium(II) complexes in HSA-binding studies. Effect of Zn(II) in protein binding. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Jetter N, Chandan N, Wang S, Tsoukas M. Field Cancerization Therapies for Management of Actinic Keratosis: A Narrative Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2018; 19:543-557. [PMID: 29582369 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-018-0348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AKs) are atypical, precancerous proliferations of keratinocytes that develop because of chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Treatment of AK can be lesion-directed or field-directed. Field cancerization theory postulates that the skin surrounding AK is also at increased risk for possible malignant transformation since it has been exposed to the same chronic UV light. Field-directed therapies thus have the potential to address subclinical damage, reduce AK recurrence rates, and potentially reduce the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development. Published clinical studies have found lesion clearance rates ranging from 81 to 91% for photodynamic therapy (PDT) with either aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or methylaminolevulinate (MAL). Clinical studies have also been published on various topical treatments. Complete clinical clearance (CCC) was significantly higher in patients treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil and salicylic acid (5-FU-SA) than in the vehicle group across multiple studies, and CCC ranged between 46 and 48% following treatment with imiquimod. Additionally, treatment with diclofenac sodium (DFS) found reduction in lesion sizes to range from 67 to 75%. Reported results have been similar for another non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), piroxicam, which has more cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 activity than DFS. Active treatments with ingenol mebutate were also significantly more effective than vehicle at clearing AK lesions. All treatments resulted in mild, localized skin reactions. PDT using conventional light sources was associated with increased severity of pain and/or discomfort, while PDT using daylight as the light source was associated with less pain and occasionally no pain at all. Though no widely accepted algorithm for the treatment of AKs exists, field-directed therapy can be particularly useful for treating photo-exposed areas containing multiple AKs. Additional research with more direct comparisons between these field-directed therapies will help clinicians determine the best therapeutic approach. Here, we provide a balanced and comprehensive narrative review of the literature, considering both light-based and topical therapies with a focus on their field-therapy aspects, and propose a therapeutic algorithm for selecting an appropriate treatment in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Jetter
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, 808 S. Wood St. R380 MC624, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Neha Chandan
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, 808 S. Wood St. R380 MC624, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Stephanie Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 808 S. Wood St., Suite 380, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Maria Tsoukas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 808 S. Wood St., Suite 380, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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15
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Lamberti MJ, Pansa MF, Vera RE, Fernández-Zapico ME, Rumie Vittar NB, Rivarola VA. Transcriptional activation of HIF-1 by a ROS-ERK axis underlies the resistance to photodynamic therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177801. [PMID: 28545088 PMCID: PMC5435305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a promising treatment option for cancer, involves the activation of a photosensitizer (PS) by local irradiation with visible light. Excitation of the PS leads to a series of photochemical reactions and consequently the local generation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing limited or none systemic defects. However, the development of resistance to this promising therapy has slowed down its translation into the clinical practice. Thus, there is an increase need in understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to PDT. Here, we aimed to examine whether a relationship exists between PDT outcome and ROS-involvement in the resistance mechanism in photosensitized cancer cells. In order to recapitulate tumor architecture of the respective original tumor, we developed a multicellular three-dimensional spheroid system comprising a normoxic periphery, surrounding a hypoxic core. Using Me-ALA, a prodrug of the PS PpIX, in human colorectal spheroids we demonstrate that HIF-1 transcriptional activity was strongly up-regulated and mediates PDT resistant phenotype. RNAi knockdown of HIF-1 impairs resistance to PDT. Oxidative stress-mediated activation of ERK1/2 followed PDT was involved on positive modulation of HIF-1 transcriptional activity after photodynamic treatment. ROS scavenging and MEK/ERK pathway inhibition abrogated the PDT-mediated HIF-1 upregulation. Together our data demonstrate that resistance to PDT is in part mediated by the activation of a ROS-ERK1/2-HIF-1 axis, thus, identifying novel therapeutic targets that could be used in combination with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Lamberti
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Pansa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Renzo Emanuel Vera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Natalia Belén Rumie Vittar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail: (VAR); (NBRV)
| | - Viviana Alicia Rivarola
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail: (VAR); (NBRV)
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16
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Lee HH, Choi MG, Hasan T. Application of photodynamic therapy in gastrointestinal disorders: an outdated or re-emerging technique? Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:1-10. [PMID: 28049283 PMCID: PMC5214731 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic modality that involves the administration of a photosensitizer followed by local illumination with a specific wavelength of light in the presence of oxygen. PDT is minimally invasive, has high selectivity for cancer, and has good patient compliance due to the simplicity of the procedure; therefore, PDT is widely used as a palliative and salvage treatment in patients with various gastrointestinal malignancies. When used as a salvage treatment for locoregional failures after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer, favorable results have been reported. PDT in conjunction with biliary stenting is a promising palliative treatment for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma, and can be used as an advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. Recent clinical reports of PDT for treating non-resectable pancreatic cancer also show promising results. To widen the application of PDT, the integration of PDT with molecular imaging and nanotechnology is being extensively studied. Based on these new developments, PDT is likely to re-emerge as a valuable technique in the treatment of diverse gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hee Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Myung-Gyu Choi, M.D. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-2083 Fax: +82-2-2258-2089 E-mail:
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hillemanns P, Wimberger P, Reif J, Stepp H, Klapdor R. Photodynamic diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid for intraoperative detection of peritoneal metastases of ovarian cancer: A feasibility and dose finding study. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 49:169-176. [PMID: 27859395 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With a prospective feasibility study, we aimed to analyse the effect of different time points for application and dosage of preoperative oral 5-aminolevulinic acid administration for photodynamic diagnosis of peritoneal metastases in ovarian cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective cohort study patients were randomly divided into three different groups. 5-Aminolevulinic acid was orally administered 3-14 hours before surgery using a dosage of 1 mg/kg, 4-9 hours using 10 mg/kg, and 9-16 hours using 10 mg/kg, respectively. Fluorescence was recorded intraoperatively using endoscopic equipment. The number and localization, of fluorescing nodules were documented. To analyze sensitivity and specificity samples from fluorescent and non-fluorescent tissues were evaluated histologically. Plasma protoporphyrin concentrations as well as any adverse events were assessed perioperatively. RESULTS In total, 26 patients suspected for ovarian cancer underwent intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid. Most of them suffered from advanced cancer, 72% from FIGO-Stage IIIc. No severe adverse events were observed. Orally applied 5-aminolevulinic acid with a dosage of 1 mg/kg revealed no detectable fluorescence. However, at a dosage of 10 mg/kg fluorescence of metastatic tissue was significantly stronger than of non-affected tissue. If administered 4-9 hours preoperatively best detection rates for peritoneal metastases were obtained resulting in a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid leads to safe and specific fluorescence detection of peritoneal metastases. 5-Aminolevulinic acid should be used at a dosage of at least 10 mg/kg 4-9 hours preoperatively. Further phase I-II studies are recommended. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:169-176, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Reif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Starnberg, Starnberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Stepp
- LIFE-Center, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klapdor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Effect of PpIX photoproducts formation on pO 2 measurement by time-resolved delayed fluorescence spectroscopy of PpIX in solution and in vivo. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 164:49-56. [PMID: 27643984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of Protoporphyrin IX delayed fluorescence lifetime is a minimally invasive method for monitoring the levels of oxygen in cells and tissues. The excitation of Protoporphyrin IX during this measurement can lead to the formation of photoproducts in vitro and in vivo. The influence of their luminescence on the measured Protoporphyrin IX delayed fluorescence lifetimes was studied in solution and in vivo on the Chick's chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model under various oxygen enriched air conditions (0mmHg, 37mmHg and 155mmHg). The presence of photoproducts disturbs such measurements since the delayed fluorescence emission of some of them spectrally overlaps with that of Protoporphyrin IX. One possible way to avoid this obstacle is to detect Protoporphyrin IX's delayed fluorescence lifetime in a very specific spectral range (620-640nm). Another possibility is to excite Protoporphyrin IX with light doses much lower than 10J/cm2, quite possibly as low as a fraction 1J/cm2 at 405nm. This leads to an increased accuracy of pO2 detection. Furthermore, this method allows combination of diagnosis and therapy in one step. This helps to improve detection systems and real-time identification of tissue respiration, which is tuned for the detection of PpIX luminescence and not its photoproducts.
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19
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Calvo G, Sáenz D, Simian M, Sampayo R, Mamone L, Vallecorsa P, Batlle A, Casas A, Di Venosa G. Reversal of the Migratory and Invasive Phenotype of Ras-Transfected Mammary Cells by Photodynamic Therapy Treatment. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:464-477. [PMID: 27438675 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-thermal technique for inducing tumor damage following administration of a light-activated photosensitizing drug (PS). In a previous work we found that PDT induces cytoskeleton changes in HB4a-Ras cells (human mammary breast carcinoma HB4a cells transfected with the RAS oncogene). In the present work we have studied the migratory and invasive features and the expression of proteins related to these processes on HB4a-Ras cells after three successive cycles of PDT using different PSs: 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), Verteporfin (Verte), m-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (m-THPC), and Merocyanine 540 (MC). A slight (1.25- to 2-fold) degree of resistance was acquired in cell populations subjected to the three successive PDT treatments. However, complete cell killing was achieved after a light dose increase. Regardless of the PS employed, all the PDT-treated populations had shorter stress fibres than the untreated control HB4a-Ras cells, and the number of dorsal stress fibres was decreased in the PDT-treated populations. E-Cadherin distribution, which was already aberrant in HB4a-Ras cells, became even more diffuse in the PDT-treated populations, though its expression was increased in some of them. The strong migratory and invasive ability of HB4a-Ras cells in vitro was impaired in all the PDT-treated populations, with a behavior that was similar to the parental non-tumoral HB4a cells. MMP-2 and -9 metalloproteinase activities were also impaired in the PDT-treated populations. The evidence presented herein suggests that the cells surviving PDT would be less metastatic than the initial population. These findings encourage the use of PDT in combination with other treatments such as intraoperative or post-surgery therapeutic procedures. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 464-477, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Calvo
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Sáenz
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Simian
- Instituto de Nanosistemas & CEDESI, Universidad Nacional de San Martín. 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Sampayo
- Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Av. San Martín 5481, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Mamone
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Vallecorsa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alcira Batlle
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kawczyk-Krupka A, Sieroń-Stołtny K, Latos W, Czuba Z, Kwiatek B, Potempa M, Wasilewska K, Król W, Stanek A. ALA-induced photodynamic effect on vitality, apoptosis, and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by colon cancer cells in normoxic environment in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 13:308-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Xie Y, Hu Y, Smith DE. The proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 plays a major role in the intestinal permeability and absorption of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:167-76. [PMID: 26444978 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been widely used in photodynamic therapy and immunofluorescence of tumours. In the present study, the intestinal permeability and oral pharmacokinetics of 5-ALA were evaluated to probe the contribution of the proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) to the oral absorption and systemic exposure of this substrate. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In situ single-pass intestinal perfusions and in vivo oral pharmacokinetic studies were performed in wildtype and Pept1 knockout mice. Perfusion studies were performed as a function of concentration dependence, specificity and permeability of 5-ALA in different intestinal segments. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed after 0.2 and 2.0 μmoL·g(-1) doses of 5-ALA. KEY RESULTS The permeability of 5-ALA was substantial in duodenal, jejunal and ileal regions of wildtype mice, but the residual permeability of 5-ALA in the small intestine from Pept1 knockout mice was only about 10% of that in wildtype animals. The permeability of 5-ALA in jejunum was specific for PEPT1 with no apparent contribution of other transporters, including the proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1). After oral dosing, the systemic exposure of 5-ALA was reduced by about twofold during PEPT1 ablation, and the pharmacokinetics were dose-proportional after the 0.2 and 2.0 µmol·g(-1) doses. PEPT1 had a minor effect on the disposition and peripheral tissue distribution of 5-ALA. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggested a major role of PEPT1 in the intestinal permeability and oral absorption of 5-ALA. In contrast, another proton-coupled transporter, PAT1, appeared to play a limited role, at best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehua Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yongjun Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David E Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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22
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Saini R, Poh CF. Photodynamic therapy: a review and its prospective role in the management of oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Dis 2015; 19:440-51. [PMID: 24079944 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With the unreliability of epithelial dysplasia as a predictor to determine the risk of future malignant development, subjectivity associated in evaluating dysplasia by pathologists and paucity of biomarkers that could accurately predict the progression risks in oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), eradication of the lesions appears to be the most desirable approach to minimize the risk of invasive cancer formation. Interventions, such as surgery and chemoprevention, have not shown promising long-term results in the treatment of these lesions, and lack of guidelines and general consensus on their management has incited much anxiety and doubts in both patients and community clinicians. Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive and minimally toxic technique that in recent years has shown great promise in the management of PMDs. In this review, we describe the historical developments in the field of PDT, its basic mechanisms, as well as related clinical studies, and its challenges in the management of oral PMDs. Based on its high efficacy and low side effects, its high patient acceptance/compliance, the simplicity of the procedure and its minimal pretreatment preparation, topical PDT is believed to have potential to play an important role in the management of PMDs, especially of the low-grade dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Saini
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Topal SZ, İşci Ü, Kumru U, Atilla D, Gürek AG, Hirel C, Durmuş M, Tommasino JB, Luneau D, Berber S, Dumoulin F, Ahsen V. Modulation of the electronic and spectroscopic properties of Zn(II) phthalocyanines by their substitution pattern. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:6897-908. [PMID: 24667853 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four isomerically pure octasubstituted zinc phthalocyanines with variations in the attachment atom and positions of the substituents were selected for a systematic investigation of the effect of the substitution pattern on their electronic and spectroscopic properties. Effects which were investigated are the position, the electron donating and withdrawing properties, and the donating force of the substituent. The results are discussed and interpreted based on theoretical and experimental determination of the orbital levels. This work allows us to highlight which substitution patterns are the most suitable considering different common applications of phthalocyanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Z Topal
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bugaj AM, Latos W, Wawrzyniec K, Oleś P, Mertas A, Czuba Z, Król W, Sieroń-Stołtny K, Sieroń A. ALA-mediated photodynamic effect on apoptosis induction and secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) by colon cancer cells in normoxia and in hypoxia-like conditions in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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A novel detection strategy for living circulating tumor cells using 5-aminolevulinic acid. Cancer Lett 2014; 355:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kiesslich T, Helander L, Illig R, Oberdanner C, Wagner A, Lettner H, Jakab M, Plaetzer K. Real-time analysis of endogenous protoporphyrin IX fluorescence from δ-aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives reveals distinct time- and dose-dependent characteristics in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:085007. [PMID: 25117078 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.8.085007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodiagnosis based on the intracellular production of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) by administration of its metabolic precursor -aminolevulinic acid (ALA) achieved their breakthrough upon the clinical approval of MAL (ALA methyl ester) and HAL (ALA hexyl ester). For newly developed ALA derivatives or application in new tumor types, in vitro determination of PPIX formation involves multiparametric experiments covering variable pro-drug concentrations, medium composition, time points of analysis, and cell type(s). This study uses a fluorescence microplate reader with a built-in temperature and atmosphere control to investigate the high-resolution long-term kinetics (72 h) of cellular PPIX fueled by administration of either ALA, MAL, or HAL for each 10 different concentrations. For simultaneous proliferation correction, A431 cells were stably transfected with green fluorescent protein. The results indicate that the peak PPIX level is a function of both, incubation concentration and period: maximal PPIX is generated with 1 to 2-mM ALA/MAL or 0.125-mM HAL; also, the PPIX peak shifts to longer incubation periods with increasing pro-drug concentrations. The results underline the need for detailed temporal analysis of PPIX formation to optimize ALA (derivative)-based PDT or photodiagnosis and highlight the value of environment-controlled microplate readers for automated in vitro analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kiesslich
- Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Strubergasse 21, Salzburg A-5020, AustriabParacelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Department of Internal Medicine I, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg A-5020, Au
| | - Linda Helander
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Erling Skjalgssons gate 1, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Romana Illig
- Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Institute of Pathology, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | | | - Andrej Wagner
- Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Department of Internal Medicine I, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Herbert Lettner
- University of Salzburg, Department of Materials Science and Physics, Division of Physics and Biophysics, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Martin Jakab
- Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Strubergasse 21, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Kristjan Plaetzer
- University of Salzburg, Department of Materials Science and Physics, Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
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Fisher CJ, Niu CJ, Lai B, Chen Y, Kuta V, Lilge LD. Modulation of PPIX synthesis and accumulation in various normal and glioma cell lines by modification of the cellular signaling and temperature. Lasers Surg Med 2014; 45:460-8. [PMID: 24037824 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapies for malignant gliomas are still elusive and limited survival improvements are provided only by Temozolomide or fluorescence guided resection. The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in this indication is limited by the higher sensitivity of normal brain structures compared to glioma necessitating a modulation of its sensitivity. We evaluate the influence of hypothermia and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Erlotinib on cell's ability to synthesize PPIX following the administration of ALA which was not previously investigated. We demonstrate that both hypothermia and Erlotinib are favorable in PPIX selectivity as only glioma cell lines demonstrate an increased PPIX synthesis, whereas the neuronal and astrocytic synthesis is remaining unaffected. The results are encouraging to consider hypothermia and Erlotinib as adjuvant therapies to increase the PDT therapeutic index between GBM and normal intracranial tissues, as well as to improve contrast in fluorescence guided resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Fisher
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Namikawa T, Inoue K, Uemura S, Shiga M, Maeda H, Kitagawa H, Fukuhara H, Kobayashi M, Shuin T, Hanazaki K. Photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid during gastrectomy for gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2013; 109:213-7. [PMID: 24214406 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Five-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has received much attention recently as a new-generation photosensitive substance for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of intraoperative PDD using ALA to identify gastric cancer. METHODS Intraoperative PDD was carried out in 26 lesions of 21 patients with gastric cancer. Before surgery, 1.0 g of ALA solution was given orally through a stomach tube. After tumor resection, resected specimens were investigated by an endoscopic PDD system, and red fluorescence-positive lesions were compared with the pathological result. RESULTS Red fluorescence was detected in 15 lesions of 11 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of PDD using ALA in detecting gastric cancer were 57.7, 100, and 66.7%, respectively. The incidence of laparoscopic surgery was significantly lower in the PDD-positive group than in PDD-negative cases (18.2% vs. 60.0%; P = 0.049), while that of intestinal type tumor was significantly higher in PDD-positive compared to PDD-negative patients (93.3% vs. 27.3%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Fluorescence navigation by PDD provides good visualization and detection of gastric cancer lesions, and might be particularly useful for intestinal type gastric cancer. Thus, PDD using ALA seems to be a promising diagnostic tool for gastric cancer.
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Buchholz J, Walt H. Veterinary photodynamic therapy: a review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:342-7. [PMID: 24284083 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whereas in human medicine photodynamic therapy represents a well-known and recognized treatment option for diverse indications, it is still little known and unfortunately not yet established treatment option for pets. Various photosensitizers and light sources have been used and clinical results have been published. The main indication is a frequently occurring skin tumor in cats: in situ carcinoma/squamous cell carcinoma, mainly found in not or only slightly pigmented areas of the head. For early stages of this tumor, promising results have been published, partly using new, selective drugs to decrease light sensitivity after systemic administration and to increase response rates. Other possible indications are urinary tract neoplasia of dogs and equine sarcoids, the latter representing very common tumors in horses where no effective treatment is known so far. This review article summarizes the role of photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Buchholz
- Animal Oncology and Imaging Center, Rothussstrasse 2, CH-6331 Huenenberg, Switzerland.
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Cunderlíková B, Peng Q, Mateasík A. Factors implicated in the assessment of aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2750-62. [PMID: 23142760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy and photodiagnosis of cancer requires preferential accumulation of fluorescent photosensitizers in tumors. Clinical evidence documents feasibility of ALA-based photodiagnosis for tumor detection. However, false positive results and large variations in fluorescence intensities are also reported. Furthermore, selective accumulation of fluorescent species of photosensitizers in tumor cell lines, as compared to normal ones, when cultured in vitro, is not always observed. To understand this discrepancy we analyzed the impact of various factors on the intensity of detected PpIX fluorescence. METHODS Impacts of cell type, mitochondrial potential, cell-cell interactions and relocalization of PpIX among different cell types in co-cultures of different cell lines were analyzed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to estimate absolute amounts of ALA-induced PpIX in individual cell lines. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to evaluate the ability of cell lines to produce collagen. RESULTS Higher ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence in cancer cell lines as compared to normal ones was not detected by all the methods used. Mitochondrial activity was heterogeneous throughout the cell monolayers and could not be clearly correlated with PpIX fluorescence. Positive collagen staining was detected in all cell lines tested. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to in vivo situation, ALA-induced PpIX production by cell lines in vitro may not result in higher PpIX fluorescence signals in tumor cells than in normal ones. We suggest that a combination of several properties of tumor tissue, instead of tumor cells only, is responsible for increased ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence in solid tumors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the reasons of increased ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence in tumors is necessary for reliable ALA-based photodiagnosis, which is used in various oncological fields.
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Coupienne I, Fettweis G, Piette J. RIP3 expression induces a death profile change in U2OS osteosarcoma cells after 5-ALA-PDT. Lasers Surg Med 2012; 43:557-64. [PMID: 22057483 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) has recently been outlined as a key necrosis mediator but is also thought to participate in the regulation of apoptosis. The aim of this study is to compare the cell death profile induced by 5-aminolevulic acid (5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the RIP3-deficient cell line U2OS and in U2OS cells in which the expression of RIP3 was restored. MATERIALS AND METHODS RIP3-expressing U2OS cells (RIP3-U2OS) were obtained after transfection and antibiotic selection. Wild type and RIP3-U2OS cells were treated by 5-ALA-PDT. Overall cell viability was evaluated and different parameters characteristic of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis were studied. RESULTS Surprisingly, the survival of RIP3-U2OS cells was higher compared to that of the wild type cells. In addition, RIP3-U2OS cell death was decreased by a zVAD-fmk pre-treatment. A higher cleavage of caspase-3, 7, 8, 9, and PARP was also detected in these cells, pointing out to the activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis. In parallel, a thrust of autophagy was clearly identified in the RIP3-U2OS cells. Conversely, RIP3-U2OS exhibited a lower level of necrosis than the wild types. Interestingly, necrostatin-1 efficiently decreased necrosis level in RIP3-U2OS but not in wild type cells. CONCLUSION Expression of RIP3 in U2OS cells led to a better survival but also to a death profile change in response to PDT. The apoptotic and autophagic pathways were clearly up-regulated compared to the RIP3-deficient wild type cells. However, induction of necrosis was weaker in the RIP3-U2OS cells. In this context, autophagy is likely to play a protective role against PDT-induced cell death and to allow a better survival of RIP3-U2OS cells. This work also highlights the important role played by RIP3 in the apoptotic pathway, although the modalities are still widely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Coupienne
- Virology and Immunology Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Delta-aminolevulinate-induced host-parasite porphyric disparity for selective photolysis of transgenic Leishmania in the phagolysosomes of mononuclear phagocytes: a potential novel platform for vaccine delivery. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2012; 11:430-41. [PMID: 22307976 DOI: 10.1128/ec.05202-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania double transfectants (DTs) expressing the 2nd and 3rd enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway were previously reported to show neogenesis of uroporphyrin I (URO) when induced with delta-aminolevulinate (ALA), the product of the 1st enzyme in the pathway. The ensuing accumulation of URO in DT promastigotes rendered them light excitable to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in their cytolysis. Evidence is presented showing that the DTs retained wild-type infectivity to their host cells and that the intraphagolysosomal/parasitophorous vacuolar (PV) DTs remained ALA inducible for uroporphyrinogenesis/photolysis. Exposure of DT-infected cells to ALA was noted by fluorescence microscopy to result in host-parasite differential porphyrinogenesis: porphyrin fluorescence emerged first in the host cells and then in the intra-PV amastigotes. DT-infected and control cells differed qualitatively and quantitatively in their porphyrin species, consistent with the expected multi- and monoporphyrinogenic specificities of the host cells and the DTs, respectively. After ALA removal, the neogenic porphyrins were rapidly lost from the host cells but persisted as URO in the intra-PV DTs. These DTs were thus extremely light sensitive and were lysed selectively by illumination under nonstringent conditions in the relatively ROS-resistant phagolysosomes. Photolysis of the intra-PV DTs returned the distribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and the global gene expression profiles of host cells to their preinfection patterns and, when transfected with ovalbumin, released this antigen for copresentation with MHC class I molecules. These Leishmania mutants thus have considerable potential as a novel model of a universal vaccine carrier for photodynamic immunotherapy/immunoprophylaxis.
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Chu ESM, Yow CMN. Modulation of telomerase and signal transduction proteins by hexyl-ALA-photodynamic therapy (PDT) in human doxorubicin resistant cancer cell models. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012; 9:243-55. [PMID: 22959804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study employed a doxorubicin resistant (MES-SA-Dx5) human uterine sarcoma cell line and its counterpart (MES-SA), to elucidate the efficacy of aminolevulinic acid-hexylester (hexyl-ALA) mediated PDT at molecular and transcriptional levels. METHODS Hexyl-ALA generated protoporphyrin IX in both cells were determined by molecular probes using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The hexyl-ALA-PDT induced signal transduction proteins and mode of cell death were quantitated by CASE ELISA assays and DAPI staining. The modulation of hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity were investigated by TaqMan real-time PCR and ELISA respectively. Hexyl-ALA-PDT mediated cell migratory effect was determined by wound-healing assay. RESULTS The results demonstrated that mitochondria were the major target of hexyl-ALA. At LD(30), hexyl-ALA-PDT significantly provoked an up-regulation of phosphorylated p38MAPK and JNK proteins in both cells. Hexyl-ALA-PDT down-regulated hTERT (a catalytic subunit of telomerase) mRNA expression and showed a strong correlation with diminished telomerase activity in both cells (MES-SA: r(2) = 0.9932; MES-SA-Dx5: r(2) = 0.9775). The suppression of cell migratory effect in both cells was obtained after hexyl-ALA-PDT. Further, 50% and 30% of apoptotic cells were attained at LD(50), for wild-type and drug resistant cells respectively. Unlike the wild-type, a higher PDT dose was crucial to induce apoptosis in the drug resistant cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first evidence that p38MAPK and JNK kinases played a vital role in triggering hexyl-ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis, down-regulated hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity in both proposed cells. In vivo studies are worth examining for the benefit of clinical applications in drug resistant cancers and PDT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie S M Chu
- Medical Laboratory Science Section, Department of Health Technology & Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Kowloon
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Yoon JH, Yoon HE, Kim O, Kim SK, Ahn SG, Kang KW. The enhanced anti-cancer effect of hexenyl ester of 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in adriamycin-resistant compared to non-resistant breast cancer cells. Lasers Surg Med 2012; 44:76-86. [PMID: 22246987 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE 5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and its derivatives act as precursors of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). In this study, we compared cytotoxic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the hexenyl ester of ALA (ALA-hx) between MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/ADR) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometry assays. Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays were applied to assess in vivo effect of ALA-hx PDT. Molecular analyses using Western blots and minimal reporter constructs containing the antioxidant response element (ARE) region were performed to reveal mechanistic basis for the differential PDT sensitivity of MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells. RESULTS In MCF-7/ADR cells, PDT with ALA-hx more efficiently produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed cell viability compared to MCF-7 cells. Cell death induced by ALA-hx PDT in MCF-7/ADR cells was mainly due to apoptosis. CAM assays confirmed that the apoptotic activity of PDT in MCF-7/ADR cells was significantly higher than that in control MCF-7 cells. We also found that MCF-7/ADR cells produced lower levels of glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant, than control MCF-7 cells. Expression of Nrf2-dependent anti-oxidant genes including γ-glutamylcysteine ligase, heme oxygenase-1, and quinone oxidoreductase were down-regulated in MCF-7/ADR cells, and Nrf2 overexpression partially decreased the susceptibility of ALA-hx PDT in MCF-7/ADR cells. Moreover, PpIX synthesis and expression levels of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) and coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPO) were much higher in MCF-7/ADR cells than MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS ALA-hx PDT more potently produced intracellular ROS in MCF-7/ADR cells, which might be due to down-regulation of Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant gene transcription and up-regulation of PpIX synthesis via the induction of CPO and PPO. These findings suggest that ALA-hx PDT may be usable as a therapeutic alternative for adriamycin-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Research Center for Oral Disease Regulation of the Aged, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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Di Venosa G, Rodriguez L, Mamone L, Gándara L, Rossetti M, Batlle A, Casas A. Changes in actin and E-cadherin expression induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in normal and Ras-transfected human mammary cell lines. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 106:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Coupienne I, Fettweis G, Rubio N, Agostinis P, Piette J. 5-ALA-PDT induces RIP3-dependent necrosis in glioblastoma. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1868-78. [PMID: 22033613 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma constitute the most frequent and deadliest brain tumors of astrocytic origin. They are resistant to all current therapies and are associated with a high rate of recurrence. Glioblastoma were previously shown to respond to treatments by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) mainly by activating a necrotic type of cell death. The receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) has recently been outlined as a key mediator of this caspase-independent form of programmed cell death. In the present study, we analyzed the necrotic mechanism induced by 5-ALA-PDT in human glioblastoma cells and explored the role of RIP3 in this context. Our results show that PDT-induced necrosis is dependent on RIP3, which forms aggregates and colocalizes with RIP1 following photosensitization. We demonstrate that PDT-mediated singlet oxygen production is the cause of RIP3-dependent necrotic pathway activation. We also prove that PDT induces the formation of a pro-necrotic complex containing RIP3 and RIP1 but lacking caspase-8 and FADD, two proteins usually part of the necrosome when TNF-α is used as a stimulus. Thus, we hypothesize that PDT might lead to the formation of a different necrosome whose components, besides RIP1 and RIP3, are still unknown. In most cases, glioblastoma are characterized by a constitutive activation of NF-κB. This factor is a key regulator of various processes, such as inflammation, immune response, cell growth or apoptosis. Its inhibition was shown to further sensitize glioblastoma cells to PDT-induced necrosis, however, no difference in RIP3 upshift or aggregation could be observed when NF-κB was inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Coupienne
- Virology and Immunology Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Belgium
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Harms FA, de Boon WMI, Balestra GM, Bodmer SIA, Johannes T, Stolker RJ, Mik EG. Oxygen-dependent delayed fluorescence measured in skin after topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:731-739. [PMID: 21770036 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxygen tension can be measured in vivo by means of oxygen-dependent quenching of delayed fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Here we demonstrate that delayed fluorescence is readily observed from skin in rat and man after topical application of the PpIX precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Delayed fluorescence lifetimes respond to changes in inspired oxygen fraction and blood supply. The signals contain lifetime distributions and the fitting of rectangular distributions to the data appears more adequate than mono-exponential fitting. The use of topically applied ALA for delayed fluorescence lifetime measurements might pave the way for clinical use of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor A Harms
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Lobanok ES, Vasilevich IB, Vorobeĭ AV. [Accumulation of porphyrins in cells of system of blood induced by 5-aminolaevulinic acid]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2011; 57:195-200. [PMID: 21870605 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20115702195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The levels and rates of accumulation of porphyrins in lymphoid cells and bone marrow cells treated with exogenous 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) were studied. The dependence of the quantity of porphyrins accumulated in cell on ALA concentrations in the medium had maximum at 0.7-1.0 mM ALA for all the cell types studied (splenocytes, thymocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow cells). The rate of accumulation of uro-, copro- and protoporphyrins depended on cell types. The lowest and the highest levels were found in splenocytes and highest in bone marrow cells respectively. It is suggested that photodynamic therapy employing ALA is potentially dangerous for blood cells.
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Harris F, Pierpoint L. Photodynamic therapy based on 5-aminolevulinic acid and its use as an antimicrobial agent. Med Res Rev 2011; 32:1292-327. [PMID: 21793017 DOI: 10.1002/med.20251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is taken up directly by bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and some parasites, which then induces the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). Subsequent light irradiation of PPIX leads to the inactivation of these organisms via photodamage to their cellular structures. ALA uptake and light irradiation of PPIX produced by host cells leads to the inactivation of other parasites, along with some viruses, via the induction of an immune response. ALA-mediated PPIX production by host cells and light irradiation result in the inactivation of other viruses via either the induction of a host cell response or direct photodynamic attack on viral particles. This ALA-mediated production of light-activated PPIX has been extensively used as a form of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and has shown varying levels of efficacy in treating conditions that are associated with microbial infection, ranging from acne and verrucae to leishmaniasis and onychomycosis. However, for the treatment of some of these conditions by ALA-based PDT, the role of an antimicrobial effect has been disputed and in general, the mechanisms by which the technique inactivates microbes are not well understood. In this study, we review current understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms used by ALA-based PDT and its role in the treatment of microbial infections along with its potential medical and nonmedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Harris
- School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom. fharris1@.ac.uk
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41
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Wu RWK, Yow CMN, Wong CK, Lam YH. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) - Initiation of apoptosis via activation of stress-activated p38 MAPK and JNK signal pathway in H460 cell lines. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011; 8:254-63. [PMID: 21864799 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the photoefficacies of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) generated by drug precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its hexyl ester (H-ALA) on two human non-small lung carcinoma cell lines (H460/Bcl-2 and H460/neo). MAIN METHODS Drug uptake and the photoefficacies of PpIX were measured by flow cytometry and MTT assay; while the mode of cell death and alternation of signal transduction pathways were studied with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and Western blot analysis, respectively. KEY FINDINGS The flow cytometric analysis of H-ALA (5μM) uptake revealed optimal fluorescent intensity at 8h incubation, while ALA (0.5mM) was still far from saturation. The LD(30) of H-ALA-PDT was 30μM, 2J/cm(2), while the LD(30) of ALA-PDT was 3mM, 2J/cm(2). The dark toxicities mediated by both pro-drug H-ALA and ALA were negligible. By DAPI staining, apoptotic cell death was observed. In addition, by Western blot analysis, H-ALA- and ALA-mediated PDT initiated apoptotic cell death via the up-regulation and activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), the stress-activated c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and ERK. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggested that H-ALA and ALA mediated PDT displayed similar photocytotoxicities towards the two non-small lung cancer cells. Our present study also demonstrates H-ALA or ALA mediated PDT in H460 cells are closely related to the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W K Wu
- Department of Health Technology & Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Hunter GA, Ferreira GC. Molecular enzymology of 5-aminolevulinate synthase, the gatekeeper of heme biosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1467-73. [PMID: 21215825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) is an obligatory cofactor for the homodimeric mitochondrial enzyme 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), which controls metabolic flux into the porphyrin biosynthetic pathway in animals, fungi, and the α-subclass of proteobacteria. Recent work has provided an explanation for how this enzyme can utilize PLP to catalyze the mechanistically unusual cleavage of not one but two substrate amino acid α-carbon bonds, without violating the theory of stereoelectronic control of PLP reaction-type specificity. Ironically, the complex chemistry is kinetically insignificant, and it is the movement of an active site loop that defines k(cat) and ultimately, the rate of porphyrin biosynthesis. The kinetic behavior of the enzyme is consistent with an equilibrium ordered induced-fit mechanism wherein glycine must bind first and a portion of the intrinsic binding energy with succinyl-Coenzyme A is then utilized to perturb the enzyme conformational equilibrium towards a closed state wherein catalysis occurs. Return to the open conformation, coincident with ALA dissociation, is the slowest step of the reaction cycle. A diverse variety of loop mutations have been associated with hyperactivity, suggesting the enzyme has evolved to be purposefully slow, perhaps as a means to allow for rapid up-regulation of activity in response to an as yet undiscovered allosteric type effector. Recently it was discovered that human erythroid ALAS mutations can be associated with two very different diseases. Mutations that down-regulate activity can lead to X-linked sideroblastic anemia, which is characterized by abnormally high iron levels in mitochondria, while mutations that up-regulate activity are associated with X-linked dominant protoporphyria, which in contrast is phenotypically identified by abnormally high porphyrin levels. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Pyridoxal Phosphate Enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Hunter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612-4799, USA
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Moon YH, Park JH, Kim SA, Lee JB, Ahn SG, Yoon JH. Anticancer effect of photodynamic therapy with hexenyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2010; 32:1136-42. [PMID: 19953630 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and its derivatives act as precursors of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). In this study, the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hexenyl ester of ALA (ALA-hx) was examined in a human oral squamous cell carcinoma, YD10B cells. METHODS PpIX accumulation and mRNA expression of coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPO) by ALA and ALA-hx was examined. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay and the molecular mechanism was investigated. RESULTS The PpIX synthesis and mRNA expression of CPO was much higher in the cells treated with ALA-hx than ALA. At the concentration that PDT with ALA did not affect cell growth, ALA-hx PDT effectively produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed cell growth. Growth inhibition by ALA-hx PDT was due to mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ALA-hx PDT effectively induced apoptosis of YD-10B cells and can be considered as a therapeutic alternative for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Moon
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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Pogue BW, Gibbs-Strauss S, Valdés PA, Samkoe K, Roberts DW, Paulsen KD. Review of Neurosurgical Fluorescence Imaging Methodologies. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2010; 16:493-505. [PMID: 20671936 PMCID: PMC2910912 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2009.2034541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in neurosurgery has a long historical development, with several different biomarkers and biochemical agents being used, and several technological approaches. This review focuses on the different contrast agents, summarizing endogenous fluorescence, exogenously stimulated fluorescence and exogenous contrast agents, and then on tools used for imaging. It ends with a summary of key clinical trials that lead to consensus studies. The practical utility of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as stimulated by administration of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has had substantial pilot clinical studies and basic science research completed. Recently multi-center clinical trials using PpIx fluorescence to guide resection have shown efficacy for improved short term survival. Exogenous agents are being developed and tested pre-clinically, and hopefully hold the potential for long term survival benefit if they provide additional capabilities for resection of micro-invasive disease or certain tumor sub-types that do not produce PpIX or help delineate low grade tumors. The range of technologies used for measurement and imaging ranges widely, with most clinical trials being carried out with either point probes or modified surgical microscopes. At this point in time, optimized probe approaches are showing efficacy in clinical trials, and fully commercialized imaging systems are emerging, which will clearly help lead to adoption into neurosurgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755
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Lendrihas T, Hunter GA, Ferreira GC. Targeting the active site gate to yield hyperactive variants of 5-aminolevulinate synthase. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:13704-11. [PMID: 20194506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.074237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of porphyrin biosynthesis in mammals is controlled by the activity of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme 5-aminolevulinate synthase (EC 2.3.1.37). Based on the postulate that turnover in this enzyme is controlled by conformational dynamics associated with a highly conserved active site loop, we constructed a variant library by targeting imperfectly conserved noncatalytic loop residues and examined the effects on product and porphyrin production. Functional loop variants of the enzyme were isolated via genetic complementation in Escherichia coli strain HU227. Colony porphyrin fluorescence varied widely when bacterial cells harboring the loop variants were grown on inductive media; this facilitated identification of clones encoding unusually active enzyme variants. Nine loop variants leading to high in vivo porphyrin production were purified and characterized kinetically. Steady state catalytic efficiencies for the two substrates were increased by up to 100-fold. Presteady state single turnover reaction data indicated that the second step of quinonoid intermediate decay, previously assigned as reaction rate-limiting, was specifically accelerated such that in three of the variants this step was no longer kinetically significant. Overall, our data support the postulate that the active site loop controls the rate of product and porphyrin production in vivo and suggest the possibility of an as yet undiscovered means of allosteric regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lendrihas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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A review of the nonsurgical treatment of oral leukoplakia. Int J Dent 2010; 2010:186018. [PMID: 20339486 PMCID: PMC2836849 DOI: 10.1155/2010/186018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to assess the nonsurgical treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL). A medline search from 1983 to 2009 was conducted. The topical or systemic nonsurgical treatments or combination of both was reviewed. The primary outcomes of interest were clinical resolution, malignant transformation, follow-up, and recurrence of OL. Studies showed a rate higher than 50% of clinical resolution with photodynamic therapy, beta-carotene, lycopene, or vitamin A. Few studies reported rates of recurrence from 5 to 67% and of malignant transformation from 8 to 23%. There is a lack of randomized clinical trials that assess the effectiveness of nonsurgical treatment of OL. At this time, randomized controlled trials for nonsurgical treatment of OL demonstrate no evidence of effective treatment in preventing malignant transformation and recurrence. It reinforces that even after clinical resolution, OL should be regularly followed.
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Malakoutikhah M, Prades R, Teixidó M, Giralt E. N-Methyl Phenylalanine-Rich Peptides as Highly Versatile Blood−Brain Barrier Shuttles. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2354-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901654x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Malakoutikhah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Prades
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona, Spain
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Tierney E, Barker A, Ahdout J, Hanke WC, Moy RL, Kouba DJ. Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Cutaneous Neoplasia, Inflammatory Disorders, and Photoaging. Dermatol Surg 2009; 35:725-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kumari S, Samant M, Khare P, Misra P, Dutta S, Kolli BK, Sharma S, Chang KP, Dube A. Photodynamic vaccination of hamsters with inducible suicidal mutants of Leishmania amazonensis elicits immunity against visceral leishmaniasis. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:178-91. [PMID: 19053149 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania, naturally residing in the phagolysosomes of macrophages, is a suitable carrier for vaccine delivery. Genetic complementation of these trypanosomatid protozoa to partially rectify their defective heme-biosynthesis renders them inducible with delta-aminolevulinate to develop porphyria for selective photolysis, leaving infected host cells unscathed. Delivery of released "vaccines" to antigen-presenting cells is thus expected to enhance immune response, while their self-destruction presents added advantages of safety. Such suicidal L. amazonensis was found to confer immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy on hamsters against L. donovani. Neither heat-killed nor live parasites without suicidal induction were effective. Photodynamic vaccination of hamsters with the suicidal mutants reduced the parasite loads by 99% and suppressed the development of disease. These suppressions were accompanied by an increase in Leishmania-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity and lymphoproliferation as well as in the levels of splenic iNOS, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 expressions and of Leishmania-specific IgG2 in the serum. Moreover, a single intravenous administration of T cells from vaccinated hamsters was shown to confer on naïve animals an effective cellular immunity against L. donovani challenges. The absence of lesion development at vaccination sites and parasites in the draining lymphnodes, spleen and liver further indicates that the suicidal mutants provide a safe platform for vaccine delivery against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Kumari
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Casas A, Sanz-Rodriguez F, Venosa GD, Rodriguez L, Mamone L, Blázquez A, Jaén P, Batlle A, Stockert JC, Juarranz A. Disorganisation of cytoskeleton in cells resistant to photodynamic treatment with decreased metastatic phenotype. Cancer Lett 2008; 270:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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