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Cesari C, Femoni C, Funaioli T, Iapalucci MC, Rivalta I, Ruggieri S, Zacchini S. Heterometallic rhodium clusters as electron reservoirs: Chemical, electrochemical, and theoretical studies of the centered-icosahedral [Rh 12E(CO) 27] n- atomically precise carbonyl compounds. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:104301. [PMID: 34525822 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a comparative study of the redox properties of the icosahedral [Rh12E(CO)27]n- (n = 4 when E = Ge or Sn and n = 3 when E = Sb or Bi) family of clusters through in situ infrared spectroelectrochemistry experiments and density functional theory computational studies. These clusters show shared characteristics in terms of molecular structure, being all E-centered icosahedral species, and electron counting, possessing 170 valence electrons as predicted by the electron-counting rules, based on the cluster-borane analogy, for compounds with such metal geometry. However, in some cases, clusters of similar nuclearity, and beyond, may show multivalence behavior and may be stable with a different electron counting, at least on the time scale of the electrochemical analyses. The experimental results, confirmed by theoretical calculations, showed a remarkable electron-sponge behavior for [Rh12Ge(CO)27]4- (1), [Rh12Sb(CO)27]3- (3), and [Rh12Bi(CO)27]3- (4), with a cluster charge going from -2 to -6 for 1 and 3 and from -2 to -7 for cluster 4, making them examples of molecular electron reservoirs. The [Rh12Sn(CO)27]4- (2) derivative, conversely, presents a limited ability to exist in separable reduced cluster species, at least within the experimental conditions, while in the gas phase it appears to be stable both as a penta- and hexa-anion, therefore showing a similar redox activity as its congeners. As a fallout of those studies, during the preparation of [Rh12Sb(CO)27]3-, we were able to isolate a new species, namely, [Rh11Sb(CO)26]2-, which presents a Sb-centered nido-icosahedral metal structure possessing 158 cluster valence electrons, in perfect agreement with the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Cesari
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Femoni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Iapalucci
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Rivalta
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Ciabatti I, Femoni C, Iapalucci MC, Ruggieri S, Zacchini S. The role of gold in transition metal carbonyl clusters. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mednikov EG, Ivanov SA, Dahl LF. Stabilization of thallium(I) Pd 9 TlPd 3 sandwich monocation with octahedral-based [Pd 9 (CO) 9 (PMe 3 ) 6 ] and [Pd 3 (CO) 3 (PMe 3 ) 3 ] entities versus unstable Pd 3 Tl(I)Pd 3 sandwich monocation with [Pd 3 (CO) 3 (PEt 3 ) 3 ] entities: Comparative computational implications. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mednikov EG, Dahl LF. Acid/Base-Controlled AuI/Au0 Reductive Transformations of the Monogold [(μ14-Au)Pd22(CO)20(PEt3)8]+ Monocation into Three Different Neutral Digold Nanoclusters: Au2Pd21(CO)20(PEt3)10, Au2Pd28(CO)26(PEt3)10, and New Five-Layer Hexagonal Close-Packed (μ12-Au)2Pd42(CO)30(PEt3)12 with a Trigonal-Bipyramidal AuPd3Au Kernel. Inorg Chem 2014; 54:1145-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502470m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgueni G. Mednikov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lawrence F. Dahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Mednikov EG, Dahl LF. Ion exchange of protons by coinage metals to give gold and silver encapsulation within a pseudo-D2d distorted face-capped Pd14 cubic kernel: [(μ14-M)Pd22(CO)20(PEt3)8]+ (M = Au, Ag). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7813-7. [PMID: 23775944 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heart of gold (or silver): The pseudo-D2d distorted MPd14 cubic kernel of [(μ14-M)Pd22(CO)20(PEt3)8](+) cations, with M = Au (1), Ag (2), has an encapsulated M atom (see picture; yellow) coordinated to eight cubic corner (black) and six face-capping Pd atoms (gray). Compounds 1 and 2 were obtained (28-60 % yields) from two-step/one-pot reactions of a Pd10 precursor with CF3CO2 H followed by coinage-metal ion exchange of protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgueni G Mednikov
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave. Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Mednikov EG, Dahl LF. Ion Exchange of Protons by Coinage Metals to Give Gold and Silver Encapsulation within a Pseudo-D2dDistorted Face-Capped Pd14Cubic Kernel: [(μ14-M)Pd22(CO)20(PEt3)8]+(M=Au, Ag). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ciabatti I, Femoni C, Iapalucci MC, Longoni G, Lovato T, Zacchini S. PPh3-derivatives of [Pt3n(CO)6n]2- (n = 2-6) Chini's clusters: syntheses, structures, and 31P NMR studies. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4384-95. [PMID: 23531268 DOI: 10.1021/ic3025414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the [Pt3n(CO)6n](2-) (n = 2-6) Chini's clusters with increasing amounts of PPh3 has been investigated in detail by combined FT-IR, (31)P{(1)H} NMR, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) studies, showing that up to three CO ligands are gradually substituted by PPh3, resulting in isonuclear phosphine-substituted anionic clusters of general formula [Pt3n(CO)(6n-x)(PPh3)(x)](2-) (n = 2-6; x = 1-3). Further addition of PPh3 results in the elimination of the neutral Pt3(CO)3(PPh3)3 species and formation of lower nuclearity anionic clusters. [Pt12(CO)22(PPh3)2](2-) and [Pt9(CO)16(PPh3)2](2-) have been structurally characterized, and they maintain the trigonal prismatic structures of the parent homoleptic clusters, with the two PPh3 ligands bonded to different external Pt3-triangles in relative cis-position. Conversely, the crystal structure of [Pt6(CO)10(PPh3)2](2-) shows that its metal cage is transformed from trigonal prismatic to trigonal antiprismatic after CO/PPh3 exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Ciabatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale Toso Montanari, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4-40136 Bologna, Italy
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Mahmudov KT, Hasanov XI, Maharramov AM, Azizova AN, Ragimov KQ, Askerov RK, Kopylovich MN, Ma Z, Pombeiro AJ. A hexanuclear metallacrown palladium(II) cluster derived from 2-mercaptoethanol. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mednikov EG, Ivanov SA, Dahl LF. CO-Induced Formation of an Interpenetrating Bicuboctahedral Au2Pd18 Kernel in Nanosized Au2Pd28(CO)26(PEt3)10: Formal Replacement of an Interior (μ12-Pd)2 Fragment in the Corresponding Known Isostructural Homopalladium Pd30(CO)26(PEt3)10 with Nonisovalent (μ12-Au)2 and Resulting Experimental/Theoretical Implications. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:11795-806. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201923y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgueni G. Mednikov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sergei A. Ivanov
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Lawrence F. Dahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Mednikov EG, Dahl LF. Syntheses, structures and properties of primarily nanosized homo/heterometallic palladium CO/PR3-ligated clusters. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2010; 368:1301-32. [PMID: 20156827 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2009.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Syntheses, properties and structures of nanosized palladium CO/PR(3)-ligated homo- and heterometallic clusters containing up to 165 metal atoms are the focus of this review. The work discussed is primarily that of the authors and their coworkers. We propose that the unparalleled variety of structural types and the distinctive reactivities of neutral Pd(n)(CO)(x)(PR(3))(y) clusters composed of zerovalent Pd atoms are a consequence of relatively weak Pd-L(ligand) and Pd(0)-Pd(0) interactions that result from the stable 5s(0)4d(10) closed-shell electron configuration of atomic Pd in its ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgueni G Mednikov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Hogarth G, Kabir SE, Nordlander E. Cluster chemistry in the Noughties: new developments and their relationship to nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6153-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c000514b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Reitsamer C, Schuh W, Kopacka H, Wurst K, Peringer P. Synthesis and Structure of the First Heterodinuclear PCP−Pincer−CDP Complex with a Pd−Au d8−d10 Pseudo-Closed-Shell Interaction. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900686r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reitsamer
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Walter Schuh
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Peringer
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Lopez-Acevedo O, Rintala J, Virtanen S, Femoni C, Tiozzo C, Grönbeck H, Pettersson M, Häkkinen H. Characterization of Iron−Carbonyl-Protected Gold Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12573-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja905182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lopez-Acevedo
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland, Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Universita di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Applied Physics and Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jyri Rintala
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland, Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Universita di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Applied Physics and Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Suvi Virtanen
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland, Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Universita di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Applied Physics and Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Cristina Femoni
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland, Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Universita di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Applied Physics and Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Cristina Tiozzo
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland, Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Universita di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Applied Physics and Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland, Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Universita di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Applied Physics and Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland, Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Universita di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Applied Physics and Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland, Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Universita di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Applied Physics and Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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Adams RD, Boswell EM, Captain B. Synthesis and Properties of an Unusual New High-Symmetry Osmium−Palladium Carbonyl Cluster Complex. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701206r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29208, and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124
| | - Erin M. Boswell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29208, and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124
| | - Burjor Captain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29208, and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124
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Mednikov EG, Jewell MC, Dahl LF. Nanosized (μ12-Pt)Pd164-xPtx(CO)72(PPh3)20 (x ≈ 7) Containing Pt-Centered Four-Shell 165-Atom Pd−Pt Core with Unprecedented Intershell Bridging Carbonyl Ligands: Comparative Analysis of Icosahedral Shell-Growth Patterns with Geometrically Related Pd145(CO)x(PEt3)30 (x ≈ 60) Containing Capped Three-Shell Pd145 Core. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:11619-30. [PMID: 17722929 DOI: 10.1021/ja073945q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein are the preparation and crystallographic/microanalytical/magnetic/spectroscopic characterization of the Pt-centered four-shell 165-atom Pd-Pt cluster, (mu(12)-Pt)Pd(164-x)Pt(x)(CO)(72)(PPh(3))(20) (x approximately 7), 1, that replaces the geometrically related capped three-shell icosahedral Pd(145) cluster, Pd(145)(CO)(x)(PEt(3))(30) (x approximately 60), 2, as the largest crystallographically determined discrete transition metal cluster with direct metal-metal bonding. A detailed comparison of their shell-growth patterns gives rise to important stereochemical implications concerning completely unexpected structural dissimilarities as well as similarities and provides new insight concerning possible synthetic approaches for generation of multi-shell metal clusters. 1 was reproducibly prepared in small yields (<10%) from the reaction of Pd(10)(CO)(12)(PPh(3))(6) with Pt(CO)(2)(PPh(3))(2). Its 165-atom metal-core geometry and 20 PPh(3) and 72 CO ligands were established from a low-temperature (100 K) CCD X-ray diffraction study. The well-determined crystal structure is attributed largely to 1 possessing cubic T(h) (2/m3) site symmetry, which is the highest crystallographic subgroup of the noncrystallographic pseudo-icosahedral I(h) (2/m35) symmetry. The "full" four-shell Pd-Pt anatomy of 1 consists of: (a) shell 1 with the centered (mu(12)-Pt) atom encapsulated by the 12-atom icosahedral Pt(x)Pd(12-x) cage, x = 1.2(3); (b) shell 2 with the 42-atom nu(2) icosahedral Pt(x)Pd(42-x) cage, x = 3.5(5); (c) shell 3 with the anti-Mackay 60-atom semi-regular rhombicosidodecahedral Pt(x)Pd(60-x) cage, x = 2.2(6); (d) shell 4 with the 50-atom nu(2) pentagonal dodecahedral Pd(50) cage. The total number of crystallographically estimated Pt atoms, 8 +/- 3, which was obtained from least-squares (Pt(x)/Pd(1-x))-occupancy analysis of the X-ray data that conclusively revealed the central atom to be pure Pt (occupancy factor, x = 1.00(3)), is fortuitously in agreement with that of 7.6(7) found from an X-ray Pt/Pd microanalysis (WDS spectrometer) on three crystals of 1. Our utilization of this site-occupancy (Pt(x)Pd(1-x))-analysis for shells 1-3 originated from the microanalytical results; otherwise, the presumed metal-core composition would have been (mu(12)-Pt)Pd(164). [Alternatively, the (mu(12)-Pt)M(164) core-geometry of 1 may be viewed as a pseudo-Ih Pt-centered six-shell successive nu(1) polyhedral system, each with radially equivalent vertex atoms: Pt@M(12)(icosahedron)@M(30)(icosidodecahedron)@M(12)(icosahedron)@M(60)(rhombicosidodecahedron)@M(30)(icosidodecahedron)@M(20)(pentagonal dodecahedron)]. Completely surprising structural dissimilarities between 1 and 2 are: (1) to date 1 is only reproducibly isolated as a heterometallic Pd-Pt cluster with a central Pt instead of Pd atom; (2) the 50 atoms comprising the outer fourth nu(2) pentagonal dodecahedral shell in 1 are less than the 60 atoms of the inner third shell in 1, in contradistinction to shell-by-shell growth processes in all other known shell-based structures; (3) the 10 fewer PR3 ligands in 1 necessitate larger bulky PPh(3) ligands to protect the Pd-Pt core-geometry; (4) the 72 CO ligands consist of six bridging COs within each of the 12 pentagons in shell 4 that are coordinated to intershell metal atoms. SQUID magnetometry measurements showed a single-crystal sample of 1 to be diamagnetic over the entire temperature range of 10-300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgueni G Mednikov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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Mednikov EG, Tran NT, Aschbrenner NL, Dahl LF. Nanosized Au4Pd28(CO)22(PMe3)16 Containing 32-Atom Au4Pd28 Core-Geometry with Nearly Regular Encapsulated Au4 Tetrahedron: Proposed Multitwinned-Composite Growth-Pattern Involving Four Interpenetrating Au-Centered Cuboctahedral-Based Three-Layer (Pd3)A(AuPd6)B(Au3)C Polyhedra. J CLUST SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-006-0103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mohamed AA, Galassi R, Papa F, Burini A, Fackler JP. Gold(I) and Silver(I) Mixed-Metal Trinuclear Complexes: Dimeric Products from the Reaction of Gold(I) Carbeniates or Benzylimidazolates with Silver(I) 3,5-Diphenylpyrazolate. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:7770-6. [PMID: 16961368 DOI: 10.1021/ic060792j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trinuclear mixed-metal gold-silver compounds are obtained by the reaction of gold(I) carbeniate [Au(mu-C(OEt)=NC6H4-p-CH3)]3, TR(carb), or gold(I) imidazolate [Au-mu-C,N-1-benzyl-2-imidazolate]3, TR(bzim), with silver(I) pyrazolate [Ag(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)]3. The crystalline products are mixed-ligand, mixed-metal dimeric products [Au(carb)Ag2(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)2], [Au2(carb)2Ag(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)].CH2Cl2, [Au(bzim)2Ag2(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)], and [Au2(bzim)2Ag(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)]. They have been characterized by elemental analysis and 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The X-ray structure of [Au(carb)Ag2(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)2] shows it to be a dimer with two Ag...Au contacts between the trinuclear units of 3.083(2) and 3.310(2) A and with average intramolecular Ag...Ag and Au...Ag distances of approximately 3.3 and 3.2 A, respectively. The structure of [Au2(carb)2Ag(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)].CH2Cl2 is a dimer with one intermolecular Au...Au attraction of 3.3354(10) A and a short Ag...Au distance of approximately 3.42 A and intramolecular Ag...Au and Au...Au contacts of approximately 3.2 and approximately 3.3 A, respectively. Packing diagrams of both complexes show that the dimeric units are independent, similar to their parent molecules. The dimers of trinuclear [Au(carb)Ag2(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)2] and [Au2(carb)2Ag(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)].CH2Cl2 crystallize in the triclinic space group P (Z = 2), a = 9.688(3) A, b = 15.542(4) A, c = 23.689(6) A, alpha = 82.560(5) degrees , beta = 87.887(6) degrees , gamma = 78.060(5) degrees , and the orthorhombic space group Pca2(1) (Z = 4), a = 29.644(4) A, b = 7.4582(10) A, c = 30.473(4) A, respectively. The structure of [Au(bzim)Ag2(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)2] is a dimer with two metallophilic Ag...Au interactions of 3.14 A. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (Z = 4), a = 26.368(5) A, b = 15.672(3) A, c = 17.010(3) A, beta = 102.206(3) degrees .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Mohamed
- Laboratory for Molecular Structure & Bonding, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA
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Femoni C, Iapalucci MC, Kaswalder F, Longoni G, Zacchini S. The possible role of metal carbonyl clusters in nanoscience and nanotechnologies. Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mednikov EG, Wittayakun J, Dahl LF. Synthesis and Stereochemical/Electrochemical Analyses of Cuboctahedral-Based Pd23(CO) x (PR3)10 Clusters (x=20 with R3=Bu n 3, Me2Ph; x=20, 21, 22 with R3=Et3): Geometrically Analogous Pd23(PEt3)10 Fragments with Variable Carbonyl Ligations and Resulting Implications. J CLUST SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-005-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mednikov EG, Dahl LF. Nanosized Au4Pd32(CO)28(PMe3)14 Containing a Highly Distorted Encapsulated Au4 Tetrahedron: Proposed Multi-Twinned Growth-Pattern from Two Deformed Au-Centered Double Icosahedral-Based Fragments*. J CLUST SCI 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-005-4969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mohamed AA, Burini A, Fackler JP. Mixed-Metal Triangular Trinuclear Complexes: Dimers of Gold−Silver Mixed-Metal Complexes from Gold(I) Carbeniates and Silver(I) 3,5-Diphenylpyrazolates. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:5012-3. [PMID: 15810823 DOI: 10.1021/ja0429869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dimers of trinuclear mixed gold-silver compounds are obtained by the reaction of a gold(I) carbeniate, [Au(mu-C(OEt)=NC6H4-p-CH3)]3, with a silver(I) pyrazolate, [Ag(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)]3. The crystalline products are the mixed-metal species Au(carb)Ag2(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)2 and Au2(carb)2Ag(mu-3,5-Ph2pz)CCH2Cl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Tran NT, Powell DR, Dahl LF. Nanosized Au2Pd41(CO)27(PEt3)15containing two geometrically unprecedented 13-coordinated Au-centered (μ13-Au)Pd13polyhedra connected by triangular face-sharing and three interpenetrating 12-coordinated Pd-centered (μ12-Pd)Au2Pd10icosahedra: geometrical change in centered polyhedra induced by Au/Pd electronegativity-mismatch. Dalton Trans 2004:217-23. [PMID: 15356715 DOI: 10.1039/b312331f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, isolation, and stereochemical characterization of Au(2)Pd(41)(CO)(27)(PEt(3))(15)(1) are described. This nanosized Au(2)Pd(41) cluster (maximum metal-core diameter, 1.04 nm) was originally obtained with Au(2)Pd(21)(CO)(20)(PEt(3))(10) as low-yield by-products together with Pd(145)(CO)(x)(PEt(3))(30)(x approximately 60) from the reaction of Pd(PEt(3))(2)Cl(2) and Au(PPh(3))Cl in DMF with NaOH under CO atmosphere. The subsequent preparation of Au(2)Pd(21)(CO)(20)(PEt(3))(10) in greatly improved yields (preceding article) thereby provided the starting material that led to the isolation of 1 in reasonable yields (54%) from an overnight refluxing of the preformed Au(2)Pd(21) cluster in THF under N(2). Both the composition (subsequently ascertained from elemental analysis) and molecular geometry of 1 were unequivocally established from a low-temperature CCD X-ray diffraction study, which revealed a cubic unit cell of P2(1)3 symmetry with four molecules of 1 and four co-crystallized triphenylphosphine oxide molecules each lying on a crystallographic three-fold axis. The entire Au(2)Pd(41) core of pseudo-C(3h) symmetry may be viewed as a central Au(2)Pd(29) fragment of pseudo-D(3h) symmetry composed of two heretofore geometrically unknown 13-coordinated Au-centered (mu(13)-Au)Pd(13) polyhedra that share a common internal Pd(i)(3) triangular face perpendicular to the C(3) principal axis and of three three-fold-related interpenetrating 12-coordinated Pd-centered (mu(12)-Pd)Au(2)Pd(10) icosahedra. A comparative analysis of this central Au(2)Pd(29) fragment in with an internal Au(i)(2)Pd(i)(3) trigonal bipyramid vs. the corresponding central Pd(29) fragment in the known homopalladium Pd(35)(CO)(23)(PMe(3))(15) (2) with an internal Pd(i)(5) trigonal bipyramid resulting from five interpenetrating 12-coordinated Pd-centered [(mu(12)-Pd)Pd(12)] icosahedra is particularly illuminating; it provides a striking illustration of the remarkable observed difference between Pd- vs. Au-centered polyhedra which is attributed to a large electronegativity-mismatch in radial bonding interactions that occurs upon replacement of the Pd-centered atom with a highly electronegative Au-centered atom. The entire Au(2)Pd(41) core-geometry is obtained by additional face-condensations of 12 tetracapping Pd(cap) atoms. This cluster is stabilized by 15 PEt(3) ligands and 27 doubly- and triply-bridging CO ligands. A close geometrical resemblance between the three three-fold-related Au(2)Pd(14) moities within the Au(2)Pd(41) core in 1 and the entire Au(2)Pd(14) core in the known [Au(2)Pd(14)(CO)(9)(PMe(3))(11)](2+) dication (3) is observed; resulting stereochemical implications are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
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