O-Protected 3-hydroxy-oxazolidin-2,4-diones: novel precursors in the synthesis of α-hydroxyhydroxamic acids

Methods for Hydroxamic Acid Synthesis

Substituted hydroxamic acid is one of the most extensively studied pharmacophores because of their ability to chelate biologically important metal ions to modulate various enzymes, such as HDACs, urease, metallopeptidase, and carbonic anhydrase. Syntheses and biological studies of various classes of hydroxamic acid derivatives have been reported in numerous research articles in recent years but this is the first review article dedicated to their synthetic methods and their application for the synthesis of these novel molecules. In this review article, commercially available reagents and preparation of hydroxylamine donating reagents have also been described.

4-Iminooxazolidin-2-one as a Bioisostere of the Cyanohydrin Moiety: Inhibitors of Enterovirus 71 3C Protease

A recently reported potent inhibitor of enterovirus 71 3C protease, ( R)-1, was found to have stability and potential toxicity issues due to the presence of a cyanohydrin moiety. Modifying the labile cyanohydrin moiety, by serendipity, led to the discovery of 4-iminooxazolidin-2-one-based inhibitors 4e and 4g with potent inhibitory activity and significantly improved stability. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies of 4e also demonstrated high plasma exposure and moderate half-life. These compounds have shown potential of becoming anti-EV71 drug candidates.

Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Conversion of Substituted 3-Amino-oxazolidin-2,4-diones into N‘,N‘-Disubstituted α-Hydroxyhydrazides

Substituted 3-amino-oxazolidin-2,4-diones have been prepared by reacting cyanohydrins or alpha-hydroxyesters subsequently with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole and 1,1-disubstituted hydrazines followed by acidic hydrolysis in case of the intermediate 3-amino-4-imino-oxazolidin-2-ones. Conventional and microwave-assisted syntheses of N',N'-disubstituted alpha-hydroxyhydrazides have been accomplished by reacting substituted 3-amino-oxazolidin-2,4-diones with catalytic amounts of sodium methoxide in methanol.

Efficient conversion of O-substituted 3-hydroxy-4-imino-oxazolidin-2-ones into O-substituted alpha-hydroxyamidoximes

An efficient and convenient two-step synthesis of O-substituted alpha-hydroxyamidoximes has been developed. The first step involves a high-yielding one-pot synthesis of the so far unknown O-substituted 3-hydroxy-4-imino-oxazolidin-2-ones by reacting cyanohydrins stepwise with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole and O-substituted hydroxylamines. The second step represents a novel, sodium methoxide-mediated conversion of O-substituted 3-hydroxy-4-imino-oxazolidin-2-ones into the corresponding O-substituted alpha-hydroxyamidoximes. [reaction: see text]