1
|
Wojnar M, Ziller JW, Heyduk AF. Two-Electron Mixed Valency in a Heterotrimetallic Nickel-Vanadium-Nickel Complex. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1405-1413. [PMID: 36633592 PMCID: PMC9890480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-valence complexes represent an enticing class of coordination compounds to interrogate electron transfer confined within a molecular framework. The diamagnetic heterotrimetallic anion, [V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2]-, was prepared by reducing (dppe)NiCl2 in the presence of the chelating metalloligand [V(SNS)2]- [dppe = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; (SNS)3- = bis(2-thiolato-4-methylphenyl)amide]. Vanadium-nickel bonds span the heterotrimetallic core in the structure of [V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2]-, with V-Ni bond lengths of 2.78 and 2.79 Å. One-electron oxidation of monoanionic [V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2]- yielded neutral, paramagnetic V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2. The solid-state structure of V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2 revealed that the two nickel ions occupy unique coordination environments: one nickel is in a square-planar S2P2 coordination environment (τ4 = 0.19), with a long Ni···V distance of 3.45 Å; the other nickel is in a tetrahedral S2P2 coordination environment (τ4 = 0.84) with a short Ni-V distance of 2.60 Å, consistent with a formal metal-metal bond. Continuous-wave X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrochemical investigations, and density functional theory computations indicated that the unpaired electron in the neutral V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2 cluster is localized on the bridging [V(SNS)2] metalloligand, and as a result, V(SNS)2{Ni(dppe)}2 is best described as a two-electron mixed-valence complex. These results demonstrate the important role that metal-metal interactions and flexible coordination geometries play in enabling multiple, reversible electron transfer processes in small cluster complexes.
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Chifotides HT, Dunbar KR. Unprecedented partial paddlewheel dirhodium methyl isocyanide compounds with unusual structural and electronic properties: a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
3
|
Kasapbasi EE, Whangbo MH. On the nature of the photochemical reaction of polypyridyl Ru(ii) complexes leading to sunlight-to-chemical energy conversion: density functional analysis. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
4
|
Cook TR, McCarthy BD, Lutterman DA, Nocera DG. Halogen Oxidation and Halogen Photoelimination Chemistry of a Platinum–Rhodium Heterobimetallic Core. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:5152-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Brian D. McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Daniel A. Lutterman
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
This special issue is focussed on arguably the most important fundamental question in contemporary chemical research: how to efficiently and economically convert abundant and thermodynamically stable molecules, such as H2O, CO2, and N2 into useable fuel and food sources. The 3 billion year evolutionary experiment of nature has provided a blueprint for the answer: multi-electron catalysis. However, unlike one-electron transfer, we have no refined theories for multi-electron processes. This is despite its centrality to much of chemistry, particularly in catalysis and biology. In this article we highlight recent research developments relevant to this theme with emphasis on the key physical concepts and premises: (i) multi-electron processes as stepwise single-electron transfer events; (ii) proton-coupled electron transfer; (iii) stimulated, concerted, and co-operative phenomena; (iv) feedback mechanisms that may enhance electron transfer rates by minimizing activation barriers; and (v) non-linearity and far-from-equilibrium considerations. The aim of our discussion is to provide inspiration for new directions in chemical research, in the context of an urgent contemporary issue.
Collapse
|
6
|
Padhi SK, Tanaka K. Photo- and Electrochemical Redox Behavior of Cyclometalated Ru(II) Complexes Having a 3-Phenylbenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridine Ligand. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:10718-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201207x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Padhi
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tejel C, del Río MP, Asensio L, van den Bruele FJ, Ciriano MA, Tsichlis i Spithas N, Hetterscheid DGH, de Bruin B. Cooperative Double Deprotonation of Bis(2-picolyl)amine Leading to Unexpected Bimetallic Mixed Valence (M–I, MI) Rhodium and Iridium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:7524-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200395m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tejel
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Pilar del Río
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Asensio
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fieke J. van den Bruele
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ciriano
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nearchos Tsichlis i Spithas
- Van‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis G. H. Hetterscheid
- Van‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fukushima T, Wada T, Ohtsu H, Tanaka K. Photoinduced four- and six-electron reduction of mononuclear ruthenium complexes having NAD+ analogous ligands. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:11526-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Paul ND, Krämer T, McGrady JE, Goswami S. Dioxygen activation by mixed-valent dirhodium complexes of redox non-innocent azoaromatic ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7124-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01880e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
Personalized energy (PE) is a transformative idea that provides a new modality for the planet's energy future. By providing solar energy to the individual, an energy supply becomes secure and available to people of both legacy and nonlegacy worlds and minimally contributes to an increase in the anthropogenic level of carbon dioxide. Because PE will be possible only if solar energy is available 24 h a day, 7 days a week, the key enabler for solar PE is an inexpensive storage mechanism. HY (Y = halide or OH(-)) splitting is a fuel-forming reaction of sufficient energy density for large-scale solar storage, but the reaction relies on chemical transformations that are not understood at the most basic science level. Critical among these are multielectron transfers that are proton-coupled and involve the activation of bonds in energy-poor substrates. The chemistry of these three italicized areas is developed, and from this platform, discovery paths leading to new hydrohalic acid- and water-splitting catalysts are delineated. The latter water-splitting catalyst captures many of the functional elements of photosynthesis. In doing so, a highly manufacturable and inexpensive method for solar PE storage has been discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arachchige SM, Brown J, Brewer KJ. Photochemical hydrogen production from water using the new photocatalyst [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhBr2](PF6)5. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
12
|
Tejel C, Ciriano MA, del Río MP, van den Bruele FJ, Hetterscheid DGH, Tsichlis i Spithas N, de Bruin B. Deprotonation Induced Ligand-to-Metal Electron Transfer: Synthesis of a Mixed-Valence Rh(−I,I) Dinuclear Compound and Its Reaction with Dioxygen. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5844-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja711495v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tejel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Vanʼt Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel A. Ciriano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Vanʼt Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Pilar del Río
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Vanʼt Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fieke J. van den Bruele
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Vanʼt Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis G. H. Hetterscheid
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Vanʼt Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nearchos Tsichlis i Spithas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Vanʼt Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Vanʼt Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Molinos E, Brayshaw SK, Kociok-Köhn G, Weller AS. Cationic rhodium mono-phosphine fragments partnered with carborane monoanions [closo-CB11H6X6]- (X = H, Br). Synthesis, structures and reactivity with alkenes. Dalton Trans 2007:4829-44. [PMID: 17955135 DOI: 10.1039/b711468k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of the new phosphonium carborane salts [HPR(3)][closo-CB(11)H(6)X(6)] (R = (i)Pr, Cy, Cyp; X = H 1a-c, X = Br 2a-c; Cy = C(6)H(11), Cyp = C(5)H(9)) to [Rh(nbd)(mu-OMe)](2) under a H(2) atmosphere gives the complexes Rh(PR(3))H(2)(closo-CB(11)H(12)) 3 (R = (i)Pr 3a, Cy 3b, Cyp 3c) and Rh(PR(3))H(2)(closo-CB(11)H(6)Br(6)) 4 (R = (i)Pr 4a, Cy 4b, Cyp 4c). These complexes have been characterised spectroscopically, and for 4b by single crystal X-ray crystallography. These data show that the {Rh(PR(3))H(2)}(+) fragment is interacting with the lower hemisphere of the [closo-CB(11)H(6)X(6)](-) anion on the NMR timescale, through three Rh-H-B or Rh-Br interactions for complexes 3 and 4 respectively. The metal fragment is fluxional over the lower surface of the cage anion, and mechanisms for this process are discussed. Complexes 3a-c are only stable under an atmosphere of H(2). Removing this, or placing under a vacuum, results in H(2) loss and the formation of the dimer species Rh(2)(PR(3))(2)(closo-CB(11)H(12))(2) 5a (R = (i)Pr), 5b (R = Cy), 5c (R = Cyp). These dimers have been characterised spectroscopically and for 5b by X-ray diffraction. The solid state structure shows a dimer with two closely associated carborane monoanions surrounding a [Rh(2)(PCy(3))(2)](2+) core. One carborane interacts with the metal core through three Rh-H-B bonds, while the other interacts through two Rh-H-B bonds and a direct Rh-B link. The electronic structure of this molecule is best described as having a dative Rh(I) --> Rh(III), d(8)--> d(6), interaction and a formal electron count of 16 and 18 electrons for the two rhodium centres respectively. Addition of H(2) to complexes 5a-c regenerate 3a-c. Addition of alkene (ethene or 1-hexene) to 5a-c or 3a-c results in dehydrogenative borylation, with 1, 2, and 3-B-vinyl substituted cages observed by ESI-MS: [closo-(RHC[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)(x)CB(11)H(12-x)](-)x = 1-3, R = H, C(4)H(9). Addition of H(2) to this mixture converts the B-vinyl groups to B-ethyl; while sequential addition of 4 cycles of ethene (excess) and H(2) to CH(2)Cl(2) solutions of 5a-c results in multiple substitution of the cage (as measured by ESI-MS), with an approximately Gaussian distribution between 3 and 9 substitutions. Compositionally pure material was not obtained. Complexes 4a-c do not lose H(2). Addition of tert-butylethene (tbe) to 4a gives the new complex Rh(P(i)Pr(3))(eta(2)-H(2)C=CH(t)Bu)(closo-CB(11)H(6)Br(6)) 6, characterised spectroscopically and by X-ray diffraction, which show coordination of the alkene ligand and bidentate coordination of the [closo-CB(11)H(6)Br(6)](-) anion. By contrast, addition of tbe to 4b or 4c results in transfer dehydrogenation to give the rhodium complexes Rh{PCy(2)(eta(2)-C(6)H(9))}(closo-CB(11)H(6)Br(6)) 7 and Rh{PCyp(2)(eta(2)-C(5)H(7))}(closo-CB(11)H(6)Br(6)) 9, which contain phosphine-alkene ligands. Complex has been characterised crystallographically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Molinos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK BA2 7AY
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elvington M, Brown J, Arachchige SM, Brewer KJ. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water Employing A Ru, Rh, Ru Molecular Device for Photoinitiated Electron Collection. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:10644-5. [PMID: 17696350 DOI: 10.1021/ja073123t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Elvington
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Elvington M, Brewer KJ. Photoinitiated Electron Collection at a Metal in a Rhodium-Centered Mixed-Metal Supramolecular Complex. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:5242-4. [PMID: 16813376 DOI: 10.1021/ic0602648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mixed-metal supramolecular complex [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhCl2]5+ has been studied and shown to undergo photoinitiated electron collection at the metal center. Reported herein is an analysis of the photochemical properties of this complex, illustrating the ability of this complex to photoreduce by two electrons by converting Rh(III) to Rh(I) and with the trimetallic assembly remaining intact. Emission-quenching experiments demonstrate efficient quenching of the Ru --> dpp charge-transfer state by the Rh center and the electron-donor dimethylaniline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Elvington
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060-0212, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rosenthal J, Bachman J, Dempsey JL, Esswein AJ, Gray TG, Hodgkiss JM, Manke DR, Luckett TD, Pistorio BJ, Veige AS, Nocera DG. Oxygen and hydrogen photocatalysis by two-electron mixed-valence coordination compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|