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Caverzán MD, Oliveda PM, Beaugé L, Palacios RE, Chesta CA, Ibarra LE. Metronomic Photodynamic Therapy with Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles in Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2023; 12:1541. [PMID: 37296661 PMCID: PMC10252555 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative therapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) that combine light, oxygen and photosensitizers (PSs) have been proposed for glioblastoma (GBM) management to overcome conventional treatment issues. An important disadvantage of PDT using a high light irradiance (fluence rate) (cPDT) is the abrupt oxygen consumption that leads to resistance to the treatment. PDT metronomic regimens (mPDT) involving administering light at a low irradiation intensity over a relatively long period of time could be an alternative to circumvent the limitations of conventional PDT protocols. The main objective of the present work was to compare the effectiveness of PDT with an advanced PS based on conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPN) developed by our group in two irradiation modalities: cPDT and mPDT. The in vitro evaluation was carried out based on cell viability, the impact on the macrophage population of the tumor microenvironment in co-culture conditions and the modulation of HIF-1α as an indirect indicator of oxygen consumption. mPDT regimens with CPNs resulted in more effective cell death, a lower activation of molecular pathways of therapeutic resistance and macrophage polarization towards an antitumoral phenotype. Additionally, mPDT was tested in a GBM heterotopic mouse model, confirming its good performance with promising tumor growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Daniel Caverzán
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
| | - Paula Martina Oliveda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
| | - Lucía Beaugé
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Emiliano Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto Chesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
| | - Luis Exequiel Ibarra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
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Dai J, Wei S, Xu J, Xue H, Chen Z, Wu M, Chen W, Lou X, Xia F, Wang S. Microneedle Device Delivering Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizers for Enhanced Metronomic Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16526-16538. [PMID: 36966512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT), which induces cancer cell death by prolonged intermittent continuous irradiation at lower light power, has profoundly promising applications. However, the photobleaching sensitivity of the photosensitizer (PS) and the difficulty of delivery pose barriers to the clinical application of mPDT. Here, we constructed a microneedle-based device (Microneedles@AIE PSs) that combined with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PSs to achieve enhanced mPDT for cancer. Due to the strong anti-photobleaching property of the AIE PS, it can maintain superior photosensitivity even after long-time light exposure. The delivery of the AIE PS to the tumor through a microneedle device allows for greater uniformity and depth. This Microneedles@AIE PSs-based mPDT (M-mPDT) offers better treatment outcomes and easier access, and combining M-mPDT with surgery or immunotherapy can also significantly improve the effectiveness of these clinical therapies. In conclusion, M-mPDT offers a promising strategy for the clinical application of PDT due to its better efficacy and convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430034, China
| | - Simin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430034, China
| | - Jiarong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Huiying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430034, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430034, China
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Boscencu R, Radulea N, Manda G, Machado IF, Socoteanu RP, Lupuliasa D, Burloiu AM, Mihai DP, Ferreira LFV. Porphyrin Macrocycles: General Properties and Theranostic Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031149. [PMID: 36770816 PMCID: PMC9919320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite specialists' efforts to find the best solutions for cancer diagnosis and therapy, this pathology remains the biggest health threat in the world. Global statistics concerning deaths associated with cancer are alarming; therefore, it is necessary to intensify interdisciplinary research in order to identify efficient strategies for cancer diagnosis and therapy, by using new molecules with optimal therapeutic potential and minimal adverse effects. This review focuses on studies of porphyrin macrocycles with regard to their structural and spectral profiles relevant to their applicability in efficient cancer diagnosis and therapy. Furthermore, we present a critical overview of the main commercial formulations, followed by short descriptions of some strategies approached in the development of third-generation photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (R.P.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.F.V.F.)
| | - Natalia Radulea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gina Manda
- “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Isabel Ferreira Machado
- Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal
- BSIRG—Biospectroscopy and Interfaces Research Group, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Radu Petre Socoteanu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (R.P.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.F.V.F.)
| | - Dumitru Lupuliasa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Mihaela Burloiu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (R.P.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.F.V.F.)
| | - Dragos Paul Mihai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luis Filipe Vieira Ferreira
- BSIRG—Biospectroscopy and Interfaces Research Group, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (R.P.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.F.V.F.)
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Sun B, Bte Rahmat JN, Kim HJ, Mahendran R, Esuvaranathan K, Chiong E, Ho JS, Neoh KG, Zhang Y. Wirelessly Activated Nanotherapeutics for In Vivo Programmable Photodynamic-Chemotherapy of Orthotopic Bladder Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200731. [PMID: 35393785 PMCID: PMC9165499 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a promising intervention using photodynamic therapy (PDT) to enhance the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, current bladder cancer treatments involve high-dose chemotherapy and high-irradiance PDT which cause debilitating side effects. Moreover, low penetration of light and drugs in target tissues and cumbersome light delivery procedures hinder the clinical utility of PDT and chemotherapy combination for PCI. To circumvent these challenges, a photodynamic-chemotherapy approach is developed comprising tumor-targeting glycosylated nanocarriers, coloaded with chlorin e6 (Ce6) and gemcitabine elaidate (GemE), and a miniaturized implantable wirelessly powered light-emitting diode (LED) as a light source. The device successfully delivers four weekly light doses to the bladder while the nanocarrier promoted the specific accumulation of drugs in tumors. This approach facilitates the combination of low-irradiance PDT (1 mW cm-2 ) and low-dose chemotherapy (≈1500× lower than clinical dose) which significantly cures and controls orthotopic disease burden (90% treated vs control, 35%) in mice, demonstrating a potential new bladder cancer treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117585Singapore
| | - Juwita Norasmara Bte Rahmat
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Han Joon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Ratha Mahendran
- Department of SurgeryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
| | - Kesavan Esuvaranathan
- Department of SurgeryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
- Department of UrologyNational University Health SystemSingapore119228Singapore
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of SurgeryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
- Department of UrologyNational University Health SystemSingapore119228Singapore
| | - John S. Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and TechnologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore119276Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for HealthNational University of SingaporeSingapore117456Singapore
| | - Koon Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117585Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
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Komolibus K, Fisher C, Swartling J, Svanberg S, Svanberg K, Andersson-Engels S. Perspectives on interstitial photodynamic therapy for malignant tumors. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210111-PERR. [PMID: 34302323 PMCID: PMC8299827 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.7.070604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Despite remarkable advances in the core modalities used in combating cancer, malignant diseases remain the second largest cause of death globally. Interstitial photodynamic therapy (IPDT) has emerged as an alternative approach for the treatment of solid tumors. AIM The aim of our study is to outline the advancements in IPDT in recent years and provide our vision for the inclusion of IPDT in standard-of-care (SoC) treatment guidelines of specific malignant diseases. APPROACH First, the SoC treatment for solid tumors is described, and the attractive properties of IPDT are presented. Second, the application of IPDT for selected types of tumors is discussed. Finally, future opportunities are considered. RESULTS Strong research efforts in academic, clinical, and industrial settings have led to significant improvements in the current implementation of IPDT, and these studies have demonstrated the unique advantages of this modality for the treatment of solid tumors. It is envisioned that further randomized prospective clinical trials and treatment optimization will enable a wide acceptance of IPDT in the clinical community and inclusion in SoC guidelines for well-defined clinical indications. CONCLUSIONS The minimally invasive nature of this treatment modality combined with the relatively mild side effects makes IPDT a compelling alternative option for treatment in a number of clinical applications. The adaptability of this technique provides many opportunities to both optimize and personalize the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Komolibus
- Tyndall National Institute, Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Cork, Ireland
- Address all correspondence to Katarzyna Komolibus,
| | - Carl Fisher
- Tyndall National Institute, Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Sune Svanberg
- Lund University, Department of Physics, Lund, Sweden
- South China Normal University, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Katarina Svanberg
- South China Normal University, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, China
- Lund University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Tyndall National Institute, Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Cork, Ireland
- University College Cork, Department of Physics, Cork, Ireland
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Kirino I, Fujita K, Sakanoue K, Sugita R, Yamagishi K, Takeoka S, Fujie T, Uemoto S, Morimoto Y. Metronomic photodynamic therapy using an implantable LED device and orally administered 5-aminolevulinic acid. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22017. [PMID: 33328544 PMCID: PMC7744509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT) is a form of PDT that induces cancer cell death by intermittent continuous irradiation with a relatively weak power of light for a long duration (several days). We previously developed a wirelessly powered, fully implantable LED device and reported a significant anti-tumor effect of mPDT. Considering application in clinical practice, the method used for repeated administrations of photosensitizers required for mPDT should not have a high patient burden such as the burden of transvenous administration. Therefore, in this study, we selected 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which can be administered orally, as a photosensitizer, and we studied the antitumor effects of mPDT. In mice with intradermal tumors that were orally administered ALA (200 mg/kg daily for 5 days), the tumor in each mouse was simultaneously irradiated (8 h/day for 5 days) using a wirelessly powered implantable green LED device (532 nm, 0.05 mW). Tumor growth in the mPDT-treated mice was suppressed by about half compared to that in untreated mice. The results showed that mPDT using the wirelessly powered implantable LED device exerted an antitumor effect even with the use of orally administered ALA, and this treatment scheme can reduce the burden of photosensitizer administration for a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Kirino
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Fujita
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Rin Sugita
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Yamagishi
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
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Kim HI, Wilson BC. Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Gastrointestinal Cancers: Status, Opportunities, and Challenges. J Gastric Cancer 2020; 20:355-375. [PMID: 33425438 PMCID: PMC7781745 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2020.20.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective accumulation of a photosensitizer and the subsequent response in only the light-irradiated target are advantages of photodynamic diagnosis and therapy. The limited depth of the therapeutic effect is a positive characteristic when treating surface malignancies, such as peritoneal carcinomatosis. For photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), adjunctive use of aminolevulinic acid- protoporphyrin IX-guided fluorescence imaging detects cancer nodules, which would have been missed during assessment using white light visualization only. Furthermore, since few side effects have been reported, this has the potential to become a vital component of diagnostic laparoscopy. A variety of photosensitizers have been examined for photodynamic therapy (PDT), and treatment protocols are heterogeneous in terms of photosensitizer type and dose, photosensitizer-light time interval, and light source wavelength, dose, and dose rate. Although several studies have suggested that PDT has favorable effects in peritoneal carcinomatosis, clinical trials in more homogenous patient groups are required to identify the true benefits. In addition, major complications, such as bowel perforation and capillary leak syndrome, need to be reduced. In the long term, PDD and PDT are likely to be successful therapeutic options for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, with several options to optimize the photosensitizer and light delivery parameters to improve safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
- Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shi X, Zhang H, Jin W, Liu W, Yin H, Li Y, Dong H. Metronomic photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid induces apoptosis and autophagy in human SW837 colorectal cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 198:111586. [PMID: 31437760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT) has emerged as an attractive treatment for the selective destruction of tumor cells by induction of apoptosis. Here, we compared the effects of mPDT and acute photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on human SW837 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. CRC cells were subjected to mPDT using various exposure durations, concentrations of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), fluence rates and energy densities. The effects were compared with those induced by aPDT. We found that apoptosis and autophagy were earlier induced to a greater extent by mPDT than by the same dose applied as aPDT. The survival rates for mPDT vs. aPDT were 35.2%, 32.4%,27.6%,31.6% vs. 85.7%, 71.1%, 67.8%, 42.1% after 3, 6, 12, and 24 h PDT, respectively. For the same time points, the apoptotic rates for mPDT vs. aPDT were 43.2%, 47.3%, 54.7%, and 50.3% vs. 14.6%, 17.6%, 27.1%, and 53.2%, respectively. mPDT induced a peak rate of autophagy of 20.0% at 3 h, whereas aPDT induced two smaller peaks at 3 h (14.1%) and 12 h (15.8%). Advanced autophagosomes were more abundant in mPDT- than aPDT-treated cells and appeared earlier after mPDT (3 h) than after aPDT (3-12 h). Western Bloting results showed that the ratio of LC3B-II/β - actin at 3 h was higher (1.04 times) after mPDT than aPDT. Collectively, these datas indicated that ALA-mPDT was more effective than the same dose of ALA-aPDT at inducing SW837 CRC cell death via apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, mPDT may be a superior choice than aPDT for the treatment of human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Shi
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- PETCT Centre of Shanxi Province Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030013, China
| | - Wendong Jin
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Weichao Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Huijuan Yin
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Yingxin Li
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Huajiang Dong
- Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300309, China
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Yamagishi K, Kirino I, Takahashi I, Amano H, Takeoka S, Morimoto Y, Fujie T. Tissue-adhesive wirelessly powered optoelectronic device for metronomic photodynamic cancer therapy. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 3:27-36. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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A suppository kit for metronomic photodynamic therapy: The elimination of rectal cancer in situ. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 181:143-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hally C, Rodríguez-Amigo B, Bresolí-Obach R, Planas O, Nos J, Boix-Garriga E, Ruiz-González R, Nonell S. Photodynamic Therapy. THERANOSTICS AND IMAGE GUIDED DRUG DELIVERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788010597-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a clinical technique for the treatment of cancers, microbial infections and other medical conditions by means of light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species using photosensitising drugs. The intrinsic fluorescence of many such drugs make them potential theranostic agents for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. This chapter reviews the basic chemical and biological aspects of photodynamic therapy with an emphasis on its applications in theranostics. The roles of nanotechnology is highlighted, as well as emerging trends such as photoimmunotherapy, image-guided surgery and light- and singlet-oxygen dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac Hally
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Roger Bresolí-Obach
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Oriol Planas
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jaume Nos
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ester Boix-Garriga
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne Geneva Switzerland
| | - Rubén Ruiz-González
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
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James NS, Joshi P, Ohulchanskyy TY, Chen Y, Tabaczynski W, Durrani F, Shibata M, Pandey RK. Photosensitizer (PS)-cyanine dye (CD) conjugates: Impact of the linkers joining the PS and CD moieties and their orientation in tumor-uptake and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:770-785. [PMID: 27543778 PMCID: PMC5720162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the impact of linker(s) joining the photosensitizer HPPH [3-(1'-hexyloxy) ethyl-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-a] and the cyanine dye (CD) in tumor-imaging and photodynamic therapy (dual-function agents), a series of HPPH-CD conjugates were synthesized. The modifications were done in an attempt to minimize Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between the two chromophores and maximize singlet oxygen production. Among the conjugates containing variable length of linkers, the HPPH-CD conjugate, in which the photosensitizer (PS) and the CD was joined by four Carbon [(CH2)4] units showed higher tumor uptake, improved tumor contrast and limited skin uptake in mice bearing Colon-26 (BALB/c) or U87 tumors in Nude mice. The bi-functional agents in which the HPPH was linked at the meta-position of phenyl-substituted CD 5, 6 and 7 showed longer tumor response (cure) than the corresponding para-substituted analogs 2, 3, and 4, which suggests that the orientation of the PS and CD moieties within the conjugate also makes a substantial difference in tumor-specificity. Compared to HPPH, the singlet oxygen yields of all the HPPH-CD conjugates were significantly low, and required a higher therapeutic dose to achieve the same in vivo response obtained by HPPH-PDT alone. However, conjugate 6 produced a higher singlet oxygen yield with reduced FRET and exhibited enhanced long-term PDT efficacy in mice bearing Colon-26 (BALB/c) and U87 tumors (nude) than its counterparts, including our lead compound (HPPH-CD), making it the most efficacious of the series. Thus, these conjugates bearing cyanine dye moiety (CD) provide an opportunity of imaging deeply seated tumors for fluorescence-guided surgery with an option of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S James
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Penny Joshi
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China; Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yihui Chen
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Walter Tabaczynski
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Farukh Durrani
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Masayuki Shibata
- Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Related Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Photodynamic therapy of HeLa cell cultures by using LED or laser sources. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 160:271-7. [PMID: 27152675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The photodynamic therapy (PDT) on HeLa cell cultures was performed utilizing a 637nm LED lamp with 1.06W power and m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (m-THPC) as photosensitizer and compared to a laser source emitting at 654nm with the same power. Intracellular placement of the photosensitizer and the effect of its concentration (CP), its absorption time (TA) and the illumination time (TI) were evaluated. It was observed that for CP>40μg/ml and TA>24h, m-THPC had toxicity on cells in culture, even in the absence of illumination. For the other tested concentrations, the cells remained viable if not subjected to illumination doses. No effect on cells was observed for CP<0.05μg/ml, TA=48h and TI=10min and they continued proliferating. For drug concentrations higher than 0.05μgml(-1), further deterioration is observed with increasing TA and TI. We evaluated the viability of the cells, before and after the treatment, and by supravital dyes, and phase contrast and fluorescence microscopies, evidence of different types of cell death was obtained. Tetrazolium dye assays after PDT during different times yielded similar results for the 637nm LED lamp with an illuminance three times greater than that of the 654nm laser source. Results demonstrate the feasibility of using a LED lamp as alternative to laser source. Here the main characteristic is not the light coherence but achieving a certain light fluence of the appropriate wavelength on cell cultures. We conclude that the efficacy was achieved satisfactorily and is essential for convenience, accessibility and safety.
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Ahn PH, Quon H, O'Malley BW, Weinstein G, Chalian A, Malloy K, Atkins JH, Sollecito T, Greenberg M, McNulty S, Lin A, Zhu TC, Finlay JC, Cengel K, Livolsi V, Feldman M, Mick R, Busch TM. Toxicities and early outcomes in a phase 1 trial of photodynamic therapy for premalignant and early stage head and neck tumors. Oral Oncol 2016; 55:37-42. [PMID: 26865261 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Management of early superficial lesions in the head and neck remains complex. We performed a phase 1 trial for high-grade premalignant and early superficial lesions of the head and neck using photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Levulan (ALA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five subjects with high grade dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or microinvasive (⩽1.5mm depth) squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Cohorts of 3-6 patients were given escalating intraoperative light doses of 50-200J/cm(2) 4-6h after oral administration of 60mg/kg ALA. Light at 629-635nm was delivered in a continuous (unfractionated) or fractionated (two-part) schema. RESULTS PDT was delivered to 30/35 subjects, with 29 evaluable. There was one death possibly due to the treatment. The regimen was otherwise tolerable, with a 52% rate of grade 3 mucositis which healed within several weeks. Other toxicities were generally grade 1 or 2, including odynophagia (one grade 4), voice alteration (one grade 3), and photosensitivity reactions. One patient developed grade 5 sepsis. With a median follow-up of 42months, 10 patients (34%) developed local recurrence; 4 of these received 50J/cm(2) and two each received 100, 150, and 200J/cm(2). Ten (34%) patients developed recurrence adjacent to the treated field. There was a 69% complete response rate at 3months. CONCLUSIONS ALA-PDT is well tolerated. Maximum Tolerated Dose appears to be higher than the highest dose used in this study. Longer followup is required to analyze effect of light dose on local recurrence. High marginal recurrence rates suggest use of larger treatment fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Harry Quon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 401 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MA 21231, United States
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Gregory Weinstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ara Chalian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kelly Malloy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Joshua H Atkins
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Thomas Sollecito
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Martin Greenberg
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Sally McNulty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Alexander Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Timothy C Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jarod C Finlay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Keith Cengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Virginia Livolsi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Michael Feldman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Rosemarie Mick
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Theresa M Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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Low-cost photodynamic therapy devices for global health settings: Characterization of battery-powered LED performance and smartphone imaging in 3D tumor models. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10093. [PMID: 25965295 PMCID: PMC4428052 DOI: 10.1038/srep10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of access to effective cancer therapeutics in resource-limited settings is implicated in global cancer health disparities between developed and developing countries. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light-based treatment modality that has exhibited safety and efficacy in the clinic using wavelengths and irradiances achievable with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operated on battery power. Here we assess low-cost enabling technology to extend the clinical benefit of PDT to regions with little or no access to electricity or medical infrastructure. We demonstrate the efficacy of a device based on a 635 nm high-output LED powered by three AA disposable alkaline batteries, to achieve strong cytotoxic response in monolayer and 3D cultures of A431 squamous carcinoma cells following photosensitization by administering aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to induce the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Here we characterize challenges of battery-operated device performance, including battery drain and voltage stability specifically over relevant PDT dose parameters. Further motivated by the well-established capacity of PDT photosensitizers to serve as tumour-selective fluorescence contrast agents, we demonstrate the capability of a consumer smartphone with low-cost add-ons to measure concentration-dependent PpIX fluorescence. This study lays the groundwork for the on-going development of image-guided ALA-PDT treatment technologies for global health applications.
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Guo HW, Lin LT, Chen PH, Ho MH, Huang WT, Lee YJ, Chiou SH, Hsieh YS, Dong CY, Wang HW. Low-fluence rate, long duration photodynamic therapy in glioma mouse model using organic light emitting diode (OLED). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:504-10. [PMID: 25936596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of gliomas poses significant clinical challenges due to resistance to chemo and radiation therapy, and treatment side effects. Metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT), which involves long treatment time with low fluence rate and multiple or continuous photosensitizer administrations, has potential in treating gliomas without threatening the quality of life and has been demonstrated in rats and rabbits. mPDT in small animals such as mouse is not yet shown due to lack of lightweight illumination device for long periods of time. METHODS We presented low fluence rate (3mW/cm(2)) and long duration (3.7h) PDT treatment in a nude mouse model of human glioblastoma by using organic light emitting diode (OLED) with single dose of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) administration as photosensitizer. Tumor volume was measured using bioluminescent imaging and the animal survival time was recorded. Additionally, we have performed limited PDT dosimetric measurements of PpIX fluorescence, tumor oxygenation and hemoglobin concentration in 3 PDT mice. RESULTS For animals with similar pre- and immediate post-light tumor volume, the averaged total survival time of PDT mice is 40.5±9.2 days that are significantly longer than the control mice (26.0±2.0 days). The post-light survival time of PDT mice is 14.3±5.9 days that are marginally longer than the control group (8.0±0.0 days). In the dosimetric measurement, good maintenance of PpIX fluorescence in one PDT mouse has relatively improved survival time, compared with the other two PDT mice (i.e., 24 days versus 16 and 17 days). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of low-fluence rate and long treatment time of ALA-PDT using OLED without anesthetization of animals. The response of PDT treated animals with similar pre- and post-light tumor volume is encouraging to show a longer survival time than the controls. The dosimetric indices such as photosensitizer fluorescence and tissue oxygenation would help understand the possible treatment barriers for further improvement of treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Guo
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ting Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiung Chen
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Huan Ho
- OLED Platform Technology Division, AU Optronics Corporation, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- OLED Platform Technology Division, AU Optronics Corporation, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yei-San Hsieh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Taoyuan County 300, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Dong
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Wen Wang
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Srivatsan A, Missert JR, Upadhyay SK, Pandey RK. Porphyrin-based photosensitizers and the corresponding multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer-imaging and phototherapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review article briefly describes: (a) the advantages in developing multifunctional nanoparticles for cancer-imaging and therapy, (b) the advantages and limitations of most of the porphyrin-based compounds in fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT), (c) problems associated with current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved photosensitizers, (d) challenges in developing in vivo target-specific PDT agents, (e) development of porphyrin-based nuclear-imaging agents (PET, SPECT) with an option of PDT, (f) the importance of light dosimetry in PDT, (g) the role of whole body or local hyperthermia in enhancing tumor-uptake, tumor-imaging and phototherapy and finally, (h) the advantages of photosensitizer-gold nanocages (Ps- Au NC) in photoacoustic and PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Srivatsan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Joseph R. Missert
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | - Ravindra K. Pandey
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Tumor Microenvironment as a Determinant of Photodynamic Therapy Resistance. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-12730-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tetard MC, Vermandel M, Mordon S, Lejeune JP, Reyns N. Experimental use of photodynamic therapy in high grade gliomas: a review focused on 5-aminolevulinic acid. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:319-30. [PMID: 24905843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of a laser light exposure of tumor cells photosensitized by general or local administration of a pharmacological agent. Nowadays, PDT is a clinically established modality for treatment of many cancers. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) has proven its rational in fluoro-guided resection of malignant gliomas due to a selective tumor uptake and minimal skin sensitization. Moreover, the relatively specific accumulation of photosensitizing PPIX within the tumor cells has gained interest in the PDT of malignant gliomas. Several experimental and clinical studies have then established ALA-PDT as a valuable adjuvant therapy in the management of malignant gliomas. However, the procedure still requires optimizations in the fields of tissue oxygenation status, photosensitizer concentration or scheme of laser light illumination. In this extensive review, we focused on the methods and results of ALA-PDT for treating malignant gliomas in experimental conditions. The biological mechanisms, the effects on tumor and normal brain tissue, and finally the critical issues to optimize the efficacy of ALA-PDT were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Tetard
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France
| | - Maximilien Vermandel
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France.
| | | | - Jean-Paul Lejeune
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France
| | - Nicolas Reyns
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France
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Photodynamic therapy of malignant brain tumours: A complementary approach to conventional therapies. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:229-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Cho S, You Y, Nam W. Lysosome-specific one-photon fluorescence staining and two-photon singlet oxygen generation by molecular dyad. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual functional molecular dyad, consisting of a cyclometalated Ir(iii) complex and rhodamine B, has been synthesized and evaluated for its ability for independent operations of fluorescence staining and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somin Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Moriyama EH, Cao W, Liu TW, Wang HL, Kim PD, Chen J, Zheng G, Wilson BC. Optical Glucose Analogs of Aminolevulinic Acid for Fluorescence-Guided Tumor Resection and Photodynamic Therapy. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 16:495-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rizvi I, Anbil S, Alagic N, Celli J, Celli JP, Zheng LZ, Palanisami A, Glidden MD, Pogue BW, Hasan T. PDT dose parameters impact tumoricidal durability and cell death pathways in a 3D ovarian cancer model. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:942-52. [PMID: 23442192 DOI: 10.1111/php.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The successful implementation of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based regimens depends on an improved understanding of the dosimetric and biological factors that govern therapeutic variability. Here, the kinetics of tumor destruction and regrowth are characterized by systematically varying benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD)-light combinations to achieve fixed PDT doses (M × J cm(-2)). Three endpoints were used to evaluate treatment response: (1) Viability evaluated every 24 h for 5 days post-PDT; (2) Photobleaching assessed immediately post-PDT; and (3) Caspase-3 activation determined 24 h post-PDT. The specific BPD-light parameters used to construct a given PDT dose significantly impact not only acute cytotoxic efficacy, but also treatment durability. For each dose, PDT with 0.25 μM BPD produces the most significant and sustained reduction in normalized viability compared to 1 and 10 μM BPD. Percent photobleaching correlates with normalized viability for a range of PDT doses achieved within BPD concentrations. To produce a cytotoxic response with 10 μM BPD that is comparable to 0.25 and 1 μM BPD a reduction in irradiance from 150 to 0.5 mW cm(-2) is required. Activated caspase-3 does not correlate with normalized viability. The parameter-dependent durability of outcomes within fixed PDT doses provides opportunities for treatment customization and improved therapeutic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Rizvi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zuluaga MF, Sekkat N, Gabriel D, van den Bergh H, Lange N. Selective Photodetection and Photodynamic Therapy for Prostate Cancer through Targeting of Proteolytic Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 12:306-13. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Josefsen LB, Boyle RW. Unique diagnostic and therapeutic roles of porphyrins and phthalocyanines in photodynamic therapy, imaging and theranostics. Theranostics 2012; 2:916-66. [PMID: 23082103 PMCID: PMC3475217 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyrinic molecules have a unique theranostic role in disease therapy; they have been used to image, detect and treat different forms of diseased tissue including age-related macular degeneration and a number of different cancer types. Current focus is on the clinical imaging of tumour tissue; targeted delivery of photosensitisers and the potential of photosensitisers in multimodal biomedical theranostic nanoplatforms. The roles of porphyrinic molecules in imaging and pdt, along with research into improving their selective uptake in diseased tissue and their utility in theranostic applications are highlighted in this Review.
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Grossman CE, Pickup S, Durham A, Wileyto EP, Putt ME, Busch TM. Photodynamic therapy of disseminated non-small cell lung carcinoma in a murine model. Lasers Surg Med 2012; 43:663-75. [PMID: 22057494 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of thoracic malignancies involving the pleural surfaces is an active area of clinical investigation. The present report aims to characterize a model for PDT of disseminated non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) grown orthotopically in nude mice, and to evaluate the effect of PDT on tumor and normal tissues. STUDY DESIGN H460 human NSCLC cells were injected percutaneously into the thoracic cavity of nude mice. HPPH-PDT (1 mg/kg, 24 hours) was performed via the interstitial delivery (150 mW/cm) of 661 nm light to the thoracic cavity at fluences of 25-200 J/cm. RESULTS H460 tumors exhibited exponential growth within the thoracic cavity consisting of diffuse, gross nodular disease within 9 days after intrathoracic injection. Tumor volume, measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was highly correlated with the aggregate tumor mass extracted from the corresponding animal. Intrathoracic PDT at fluences of ≥50 J/cm produced significant decreases in tumor burden as compared to untreated controls, however, mortality increased with rising fluence. Accordingly, 50 J/cm was selected for MRI studies to measure intra-animal PDT effects. Tumor distribution favored the ventral (vs. dorsal), caudal (vs. cranial), and right (vs. left) sides of the thoracic cavity by MRI; PDT did not change this spatial pattern despite an overall effect on tumor burden. Histopathology revealed edema and fibrin deposition within the pulmonary interstitium and alveoli of the PDT-treated thoracic cavity, as well as occasional evidence of vascular disruption. Prominent neutrophil infiltration with a concomitant decline in the lymphocyte compartment was also noted in the lung parenchyma within 24 hours after PDT. CONCLUSION HPPH-PDT of an orthotopic model of disseminated NSCLC is both feasible and effective using intracavitary light delivery. We establish this animal model, together with the treatment and monitoring approaches, as novel and valuable methods for the pre-clinical investigation of intrathoracic PDT of disseminated pleural malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Grossman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6072, USA
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Pascale F, Ghegediban SH, Bonneau M, Bedouet L, Namur J, Verret V, Schwartz-Cornil I, Wassef M, Laurent A. Modified Model of VX2 Tumor Overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012; 23:809-817.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Nobusawa K, Akiyama M, Ikeda A, Naito M. pH responsive smart carrier of [60] fullerene with 6-amino-cyclodextrin inclusion complex for photodynamic therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Su GC, Wei YH, Wang HW. NADH fluorescence as a photobiological metric in 5-aminolevlinic acid (ALA)-photodynamic therapy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:21145-21154. [PMID: 22108965 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.021145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) dosimetry is complex as many factors are involved and varied interdependently. Monitoring the biological consequence of PDT such as cell death is the most direct approach to assess treatment efficacy. In this study, we performed 5-aminolevlinic acid (ALA)-PDT in vitro to induce different cell death modes (i.e., slight cell cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis) by a fixed fluence rate of 10 mW/cm(2) and varied fluences (1, 2, and 6 J/cm(2)). Time course measurements of cell viability, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation were conducted to determine the mode of cell death. We demonstrated that NADH fluorescence lifetime together with NADH fluorescence intensity permit us to detect apoptosis and differentiate it from necrosis. This feature will be unique in the use of optimizing apoptosis-favored treatments such as metronomic PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Chin Su
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Liu TW, Akens MK, Chen J, Wise-Milestone L, Wilson BC, Zheng G. Imaging of specific activation of photodynamic molecular beacons in breast cancer vertebral metastases. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1021-30. [PMID: 21585206 DOI: 10.1021/bc200169x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Approximately 85% of patients with advanced cases will develop spinal metastases. The vertebral column is the most common site of breast cancer metastases, where overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) promotes the spread of cancer. Current therapies have significant limitations due to the high associated risk of damaging the spinal cord. An attractive alternative is photodynamic therapy providing noninvasive and site-selective treatment. However, current photosensitizers are limited by their nonspecific accumulation. Photodynamic molecular beacons (PP(MMP)B), activated by MMPs, offer another level of PDT selectivity and image-guidance preserving criticial tissues, specifically the spinal cord. Metastatic human breast carcinoma cells, MT-1, were used to model the metastatic behavior of spinal lesions. In vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrates MMP specific activation of PP(MMP)B in MT-1 cells. Using a clinically relevant metastatic model, fluorescent imaging establishes the specific activation of PP(MMP)B by vertebral metastases versus normal tissue (i.e., spinal cord) demonstrating the specificity of these beacons. Here, we validate that the metastasis-selective mechanism of PP(MMP)Bs can specifically image breast cancer vertebral metastases, thereby differentiating tumor and healthy tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy W Liu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
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Rai P, Mallidi S, Zheng X, Rahmanzadeh R, Mir Y, Elrington S, Khurshid A, Hasan T. Development and applications of photo-triggered theranostic agents. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:1094-124. [PMID: 20858520 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Theranostics, the fusion of therapy and diagnostics for optimizing efficacy and safety of therapeutic regimes, is a growing field that is paving the way towards the goal of personalized medicine for the benefit of patients. The use of light as a remote-activation mechanism for drug delivery has received increased attention due to its advantages in highly specific spatial and temporal control of compound release. Photo-triggered theranostic constructs could facilitate an entirely new category of clinical solutions which permit early recognition of the disease by enhancing contrast in various imaging modalities followed by the tailored guidance of therapy. Finally, such theranostic agents could aid imaging modalities in monitoring response to therapy. This article reviews recent developments in the use of light-triggered theranostic agents for simultaneous imaging and photoactivation of therapeutic agents. Specifically, we discuss recent developments in the use of theranostic agents for photodynamic-, photothermal- or photo-triggered chemotherapy for several diseases.
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van Zaane F, Subbaiyan D, van der Ploeg-van den Heuvel A, de Bruijn HS, Balbas EM, Pandraud G, Sterenborg HJCM, French PJ, Robinson DJ. A telemetric light delivery system for metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT) in rats. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010; 3:347-355. [PMID: 20217900 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.200900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Light delivery and monitoring during photodynamic therapy (PDT) is often limited by the need for a physical link between the light source, detectors and the treatment volume. This paper reports on the first in vivo experiments performed with a fully implantable telemetric system, designed for a rat glioblastoma model. In this system, light delivery is performed using a solid state optode containing 2 LEDs, and 4 photodiodes which will be used to monitor light delivery in future experiments. Powering and communication is achieved by means of an inductive link. The implant may remain in the animal for extended time periods, making it particularly interesting for performing metronomic PDT. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo light delivery and biocompatibility of the device.. Activation of the inductive link as well as illumination of the brain by the LED did not influence animal behavior during or after treatment. We show that the implant can remain in the animal for two weeks without causing serious biological reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor van Zaane
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang KKH, Finlay JC, Busch TM, Hahn SM, Zhu TC. Explicit dosimetry for photodynamic therapy: macroscopic singlet oxygen modeling. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010; 3:304-18. [PMID: 20222102 PMCID: PMC3071971 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.200900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) is the major cytotoxic agent responsible for cell killing for type-II photodynamic therapy (PDT). An empirical four-parameter macroscopic model is proposed to calculate the "apparent reacted (1)O(2) concentration", [(1)O(2)](rx), as a clinical PDT dosimetry quantity. This model incorporates light diffusion equation and a set of PDT kinetics equations, which can be applied in any clinical treatment geometry. We demonstrate that by introducing a fitting quantity "apparent singlet oxygen threshold concentration" [(1)O(2)](rx, sd), it is feasible to determine the model parameters by fitting the computed [(1)O(2)](rx) to the Photofrin-mediated PDT-induced necrotic distance using interstitially-measured Photofrin concentration and optical properties within each mouse. After determining the model parameters and the [(1)O(2)](rx, sd), we expect to use this model as an explicit dosimetry to assess PDT treatment outcome for a specific photosensitizer in an in vivo environment. The results also provide evidence that the [(1)O(2)](rx), because it takes into account the oxygen consumption (or light fluence rate) effect, can be a better predictor of PDT outcome than the PDT dose defined as the energy absorbed by the photosensitizer, which is proportional to the product of photosensitizer concentration and light fluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jarod C. Finlay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Theresa M. Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Stephen M. Hahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Timothy C. Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Celli JP, Spring BQ, Rizvi I, Evans CL, Samkoe KS, Verma S, Pogue BW, Hasan T. Imaging and photodynamic therapy: mechanisms, monitoring, and optimization. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2795-838. [PMID: 20353192 PMCID: PMC2896821 DOI: 10.1021/cr900300p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1644] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Celli
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Mathews MS, Angell-Petersen E, Sanchez R, Sun CH, Vo V, Hirschberg H, Madsen SJ. The effects of ultra low fluence rate single and repetitive photodynamic therapy on glioma spheroids. Lasers Surg Med 2010; 41:578-84. [PMID: 19731298 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Achieving local control of gliomas with photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires the delivery of adequate light fluences to depths of 1-2 cm in the resection margin where the majority of local recurrences originate. This is clinically impractical with current single-shot, intraoperative PDT treatments due to the length of time required to deliver adequate fluences. Multiple or extended treatment protocols would therefore seem to be required. The response of human glioma spheroids to 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated PDT using single or, repetitive light delivery protocols was investigated at both low and ultra low fluence rates. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Human glioma spheroids (400 microm diameter) were subjected to sub-threshold light fluence (1.5, 3, or 6 J cm(-2)) ALA-PDT consisting of four light delivery schemes: single treatment given over either 1 or 24 hours, repetitive treatment given either as four 1 hour light treatments separated by a 4 day interval, or 24 hours light delivery, consisting of four 24 hours treatments separated by a 3 day interval. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using a growth assay. In some cases, confocal microscopy was used to image cell viability. RESULTS The repetitive and single light treatment protocols were most effective when delivered at ultra low (microW cm(-2)) fluence rates. In all cases, growth inhibition was light dose-dependent. The repetitive ultra low fluence rate treatment (1.5 J cm(-2); irradiance = 17 microW cm(-2)) light delivery protocol was the most effective resulting in total growth inhibition during the 2-week observation period. CONCLUSION Ultra low light fluence rate ALA-PDT results in significant spheroid growth inhibition. Repeated administration of ALA was required during repetitive and/or protracted single PDT treatment protocols. The existence of a lower fluence rate limit, below which the efficacy of threshold light fluences diminish was not found in these studies. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:578-584, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon S Mathews
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA.
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Abstract
Photodynamic techniques such as photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), fluorescence-guided tumour resection (FGR) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are currently undergoing intensive clinical investigations as adjuvant treatment for malignant brain tumours. The following chapter provides an overview on the current clinical data and trials of PDT as well as photosensitizers, technical developments and indications for photodynamic application in neurosurgery. Besides many clinical phase I/II trials for PDT for malignant brain tumours, there are only few controlled clinical trials following tumour resection. Variations in treatment protocols, variation of photosensitizers and light dose make the evaluation scientifically difficult; however there is a clear trend towards prolonging median survival after one single photodynamic treatment as compared to standard therapeutic regimens. According to the meta analysis the median survival after PDT for primary glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV) was 22 months and for recurrent GBM was 9 months as compared to standard conventional treatment, in which it is 15 and 3 months, respectively. Fluorescence-guided resection of the tumour demonstrated significant greater reduction of tumour burden. The combination of PDD/ FGR and intraoperative PDT ("to see and to treat") offers an exciting approach to the treatment of malignant brain tumours. PDT was generally well tolerated and side effects consisted of occasionally increased intracranial pressure and prolonged skin sensitivity against direct sunlight.
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Bakar MB, Oelgemöller M, Senge MO. Lead structures for applications in photodynamic therapy. Part 2: Synthetic studies for photo-triggered release systems of bioconjugate porphyrin photosensitizers. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
A 3-chip CCD imaging system has been developed for quantitative in vivo fluorescence imaging. This incorporates a ratiometric algorithm to correct for the effects of tissue optical absorption and scattering, imaging “geometry” and tissue autofluorescence background. The performance was characterized, and the algorithm was validated in tissue-simulating optical phantoms for quantitative measurement of the fluorescent molecule protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The technical feasibility to use this system for fluorescence-guided surgical resection of malignant brain tumor tissue was assessed in an animal model in which PpIX was induced exogenously in the tumor cells by systemic administration of aminolevulinic acid (ALA).
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment modality that employs the photochemical interaction of three components: light, photosensitizer, and oxygen. Tremendous progress has been made in the last 2 decades in new technical development of all components as well as understanding of the biophysical mechanism of PDT. The authors will review the current state of art in PDT research, with an emphasis in PDT physics. They foresee a merge of current separate areas of research in light production and delivery, PDT dosimetry, multimodality imaging, new photosensitizer development, and PDT biology into interdisciplinary combination of two to three areas. Ultimately, they strongly believe that all these categories of research will be linked to develop an integrated model for real-time dosimetry and treatment planning based on biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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40
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Namatame H, Akimoto J, Matsumura H, Haraoka J, Aizawa K. Photodynamic therapy of C6-implanted glioma cells in the rat brain employing second-generation photosensitizer talaporfin sodium. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2008; 5:198-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Wang HW, Gukassyan V, Chen CT, Wei YH, Guo HW, Yu JS, Kao FJ. Differentiation of apoptosis from necrosis by dynamic changes of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence lifetime in live cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2008; 13:054011. [PMID: 19021391 DOI: 10.1117/1.2975831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Direct monitoring of cell death (i.e., apoptosis and necrosis) during or shortly after treatment is desirable in all cancer therapies to determine the outcome. Further differentiation of apoptosis from necrosis is crucial to optimize apoptosis-favored treatment protocols. We investigated the potential modality of using tissue intrinsic fluorescence chromophore, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), for cell death detection. We imaged the fluorescence lifetime changes of NADH before and after staurosporine (STS)-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced necrosis, respectively, using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging in live HeLa cells and 143B osteosarcoma. Time-lapsed lifetime images were acquired at the same site of cells. In untreated cells, the average lifetime of NADH fluorescence was approximately 1.3 ns. The NADH average fluorescence lifetime increased to approximately 3.5 ns within 15 min after 1 microM STS treatment and gradually decreased thereafter. The NADH fluorescence intensity increased within 15 min. In contrast, no significant dynamic lifetime change was found in cells treated with 1 mM H2O2. Our findings suggest that monitoring the NADH fluorescence lifetime may be a valuable noninvasive tool to detect apoptosis and distinguish apoptosis from necrosis for the optimization of apoptosis-favored treatment protocols and other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Wen Wang
- National Yang-Ming University, Institute of Biophotonics, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rose MJ, Fry NL, Marlow R, Hinck L, Mascharak PK. Sensitization of ruthenium nitrosyls to visible light via direct coordination of the dye resorufin: trackable NO donors for light-triggered NO delivery to cellular targets. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8834-46. [PMID: 18597437 DOI: 10.1021/ja801823f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Three nitrosyl-dye conjugates, namely, [(Me 2bpb)Ru(NO)(Resf)] ( 1-Resf), [(Me 2bQb)Ru(NO)(Resf)] ( 2-Resf), and [((OMe) 2bQb)Ru(NO)(Resf)] ( 3-Resf) have been synthesized via direct replacement of the chloride ligand of the parent {Ru-NO} (6) nitrosyls of the type [(R 2byb)Ru(NO)(L)] with the anionic tricyclic dye resorufin (Resf). The structures of 1-Resf- 3-Resf have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The dye is coordinated to the ruthenium centers of these conjugates via the phenolato-O atom and is trans to NO. Systematic red shift of the d pi(Ru) --> pi*(NO) transition of the parent nitrosyls [(R 2byb)Ru(NO)(L)] due to changes in R and y in the equatorial tetradentate ligand R 2byb (2-) results in its eventual merge with the intense absorption band of the dye around 500 nm in 3-Resf. Unlike the UV-sensitive parent [(R 2byb)Ru(NO)(L)] nitrosyls, these dye-sensitized nitrosyls rapidly release NO when exposed to visible light (lambda >/= 465 nm). Comparison of the photochemical parameters reveals that direct coordination of the light-harvesting chromophore to the ruthenium center in the present nitrosyls results in a significantly greater extent of sensitization to visible light compared to nitrosyls with appended chromophore (linked via alkyl chains). 1-Resf has been employed as a "trackable" NO donor to promote NO-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells under the control of light. The results of this work demonstrate that (a) the d pi(Ru) --> pi*(NO) transition (photoband) of {Ru-NO} (6) nitrosyls can be tuned into visible range via careful alteration of the ligand frame(s) and (b) such nitrosyls can be significantly sensitized to visible light by directly ligating a light-harvesting chromophore to the ruthenium center. The potential of these photosensitive nitrosyl-dye conjugates as (i) biological tools to study the effects of NO in cellular environments and (ii) "trackable" NO donors in photodynamic therapy of malignancies (such as skin cancer) has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
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Seshadri M, Bellnier DA, Vaughan LA, Spernyak JA, Mazurchuk R, Foster TH, Henderson BW. Light delivery over extended time periods enhances the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:2796-805. [PMID: 18451247 PMCID: PMC2805854 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The rate of energy delivery is a principal factor determining the biological consequences of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In contrast to conventional high-irradiance treatments, recent preclinical and clinical studies have focused on low-irradiance schemes. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between irradiance, photosensitizer dose, and PDT dose with regard to treatment outcome and tumor oxygenation in a rat tumor model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using the photosensitizer HPPH (2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide), a wide range of PDT doses that included clinically relevant photosensitizer concentrations was evaluated. Magnetic resonance imaging and oxygen tension measurements were done along with the Evans blue exclusion assay to assess vascular response, oxygenation status, and tumor necrosis. RESULTS In contrast to high-incident laser power (150 mW), low-power regimens (7 mW) yielded effective tumor destruction. This was largely independent of PDT dose (drug-light product), with up to 30-fold differences in photosensitizer dose and 15-fold differences in drug-light product. For all drug-light products, the duration of light treatment positively influenced tumor response. Regimens using treatment times of 120 to 240 min showed marked reduction in signal intensity in T2-weighted magnetic resonance images at both low (0.1 mg/kg) and high (3 mg/kg) drug doses compared with short-duration (6-11 min) regimens. Significantly greater reductions in pO(2) were observed with extended exposures, which persisted after completion of treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the benefit of prolonged light exposure, identify vascular response as a major contributor, and suggest that duration of light treatment (time) may be an important new treatment variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Cell Stress Biology and Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
- Preclinical Imaging Resource Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - David A. Bellnier
- Department of Cell Stress Biology and Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Lurine A. Vaughan
- Department of Cell Stress Biology and Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Joseph A. Spernyak
- Preclinical Imaging Resource Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Richard Mazurchuk
- Preclinical Imaging Resource Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Thomas H. Foster
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Barbara W. Henderson
- Department of Cell Stress Biology and Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
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Wei Y, Xing D, Luo S, Xu W, Chen Q. Monitoring singlet oxygen in situ with delayed chemiluminescence to deduce the effect of photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2008; 13:024023. [PMID: 18465986 DOI: 10.1117/1.2904961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) is an important factor mediating cell killing in photodynamic therapy (PDT). We previously reported that chemiluminescence (CL) can be used to detect (1)O(2) production in PDT and linked the signal to the PDT-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. We develop a new CL detection apparatus to achieve in vivo measurements. The system utilizes a time-delayed CL signal to overcome the interference from scattered excitation light, thus greatly improving the accuracy of the detection. The system is tested on healthy skin of BALB/ca mouse for its feasibility and reliability. The CL measurement is made during a synchronized gating period of the irradiation light. After each PDT treatment and in situ CL measurement, the skin response is scored over a period of 2 weeks. A remarkable relationship is observed between the score and the CL, regardless of the PDT treatment protocol. Although there are many issues yet to be addressed, our results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of CL measurement during PDT and its potential for in vivo PDT dosimetry. This requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Wei
- South China Normal University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou 510631 China
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45
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Rose MJ, Mascharak PK. A photosensitive {Ru–NO}6 nitrosyl bearing dansyl chromophore: novel NO donor with a fluorometric on/off switch. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3933-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b805332d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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46
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Davies N, Wilson BC. Interstitial in vivo ALA-PpIX mediated metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT) using the CNS-1 astrocytoma with bioluminescence monitoring. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2007; 4:202-12. [PMID: 25047439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the first truly metronomic delivery of photodynamic therapy using the rat-derived CNS-1 astrocytoma, a model with close histopathology with human brain tumours. METHODS Metronomic PDT (mPDT) was delivered to CNS-1 bearing female Lewis rats. 5-Aminoluvelinic acid was delivered continuously through drinking water, while light was delivered via tetherless, light-weight, LED-based fiber coupled optical sources. Tumour burden before and after mPDT treatment was determined using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). RESULTS Preliminary studies demonstrated that 24h of continuous mPDT illumination was capable of destroying small tumours (7 days post-implant). The reduction or elimination of tumour was confirmed using BLI and corroborated by histology. Additional studies showed that 24 and 48h continuous mPDT illumination had the capability to delay tumour re-growth by a period corresponding to approximately two doubling times. Animals given 4-day mPDT did not show any signs of tumour re-growth via BLI at 26 days post-tumour implantation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these results demonstrate the feasibility of delivering mPDT for extended periods, as well as its potential as a treatment for small brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Davies
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9; Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9
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Wang J, Yong WH, Sun Y, Vernier PT, Koeffler HP, Gundersen MA, Marcu L. Receptor-targeted quantum dots: fluorescent probes for brain tumor diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:044021. [PMID: 17867825 DOI: 10.1117/1.2764463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The intraoperative diagnosis of brain tumors and the timely evaluation of biomarkers that can guide therapy are hindered by the paucity of rapid adjunctive studies. This study evaluates the feasibility and specificity of using quantum dot-labeled antibodies for rapid visualization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in human brain tumor cells and in surgical frozen section slides of glioma tissue. Streptavidin-coated quantum dots (QDs) were conjugated to anti-EGFR antibodies and incubated with target cultured tumor cells and tissues. The experiments were conducted first in human glioma tumor cell lines with elevated levels of EGFR expression (SKMG-3, U87) and then in frozen tissue sections of glioblastoma multiforme and of oligodendroglioma. The bioconjugated QDs used in the study were found to bind selectively to brain tumor cells expressing EGFR. QD complexed quickly to the cell membrane (less than 15 min), and binding was highly specific and depended on the expression level of EGFR on the cell membrane. Tissue experiments showed that only tumor specimens expressing EGFR were labeled in less than 30 min by QD complexes. These findings demonstrate that QD-labeled antibodies can provide a quick and accurate method for characterizing the presence or absence of a specific predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- University of Southern California, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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48
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Davies N, Wilson BC. Tetherless fiber-coupled optical sources for extended metronomic photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2007; 4:184-9. [PMID: 25047436 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT) involves the delivery of a low fluence rate of light and photosensitizing drug, continuously and over an extended period. However, in mPDT trials, there has been a perceived need for light sources that can deliver light reliably for extended periods, while being small enough to be tolerated by small animals. METHODS We report on the development of tetherless, lightweight, fiber-coupled optical sources for in vivo delivery of interstitial mPDT. Two forms are reported, based on diode lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the latter types weighing only 16.5g. RESULTS The prototypes have been well tolerated in preliminary trials on tumor-bearing rat models and can currently provide stable levels of performance for upwards of 5 days. We also report an extension of the concept to units coupled to several optical fibers to enable simultaneous irradiation of multiple locations in tissue. CONCLUSION These prototypes fulfill a current need for reliable mPDT optical sources for use with animal models. They also serve as the foundation for the development of fiber-coupled sources for use in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Davies
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto M5G 2M9, Canada; Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto M5G 2M9, Canada
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Sheth RA, Upadhyay R, Weissleder R, Mahmood U. Real-Time Multichannel Imaging Framework for Endoscopy, Catheters, and Fixed Geometry Intraoperative Systems. Mol Imaging 2007. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2007.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A. Sheth
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rabi Upadhyay
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Umar Mahmood
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Reif R, Wang M, Joshi S, A'Amar O, Bigio IJ. Optical method for real-time monitoring of drug concentrations facilitates the development of novel methods for drug delivery to brain tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:034036. [PMID: 17614744 DOI: 10.1117/1.2744025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of drug delivery to organs, such as the brain, has been hampered by the inability to measure tissue drug concentrations in real time. We report an application of an optical spectroscopy technique that monitors in vivo the real-time drug concentrations in small volumes of brain tissue. This method will facilitate development of new protocols for delivery of drugs to treat brain cancers. The delivery of many anticancer drugs to the brain is limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Mitoxantrone (MTX) is a water-soluble anticancer drug that poorly penetrates the BBB. It is preliminarily determined in an animal model that the brain tissue uptake of chemotherapy agents-in this demonstration, MTX-delivered intra-arterially is enhanced when the BBB is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Reif
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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