1
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Singh S, Tian W, Severance ZC, Chaudhary SK, Anokhina V, Mondal B, Pergu R, Singh P, Dhawa U, Singha S, Choudhary A. Proximity-inducing modalities: the past, present, and future. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5485-5515. [PMID: 37477631 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00943a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Living systems use proximity to regulate biochemical processes. Inspired by this phenomenon, bifunctional modalities that induce proximity have been developed to redirect cellular processes. An emerging example of this class is molecules that induce ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of a protein of interest, and their initial development sparked a flurry of discovery for other bifunctional modalities. Recent advances in this area include modalities that can change protein phosphorylation, glycosylation, and acetylation states, modulate gene expression, and recruit components of the immune system. In this review, we highlight bifunctional modalities that perform functions other than degradation and have great potential to revolutionize disease treatment, while also serving as important tools in basic research to explore new aspects of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameek Singh
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Zachary C Severance
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Santosh K Chaudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Viktoriya Anokhina
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Basudeb Mondal
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Rajaiah Pergu
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Prashant Singh
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Uttam Dhawa
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Santanu Singha
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Aigbogun OP, Phenix CP, Krol ES, Price EW. The Chemistry of Creating Chemically Programmed Antibodies (cPAbs): Site-Specific Bioconjugation of Small Molecules. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:853-874. [PMID: 36696533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule drugs have been employed for years as therapeutics in the pharmaceutical industry. However, small-molecule drugs typically have short in vivo half-lives which is one of the largest impediments to the success of many potentially valuable pharmacologically active small molecules. The undesirable pharmacokinetics and pharmacology associated with some small molecules have led to the development of a new class of bioconjugates known as chemically programmed antibodies (cPAbs). cPAbs are bioconjugates in which antibodies are used to augment small molecules with effector functions and prolonged pharmacokinetic profiles, where the pharmacophore of the small molecule is harnessed for target binding and therefore biological targeting. Many different small molecules can be conjugated to large proteins such as full monoclonal antibodies (IgG), fragment crystallizable regions (Fc), or fragment antigen binding regions (Fab). In order to successfully and site-specifically conjugate small molecules to any class of antibodies (IgG, Fc, or Fab), the molecules must be derivatized with a functional group for ease of conjugation without altering the pharmacology of the small molecules. In this Review, we summarize the different synthetic or biological methods that have been employed to produce cPAbs. These unique chemistries have potential to be applied to other fields of antibody modification such as antibody drug conjugates, radioimmunoconjugates, and fluorophore-tagged antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omozojie P Aigbogun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, S7N-5C9 Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christopher P Phenix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, S7N-5C9 Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ed S Krol
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, S7N-5E5 Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, S7N-5C9 Saskatchewan, Canada
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3
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The Genesis and Future Prospects of Small Molecule HIV-1 Attachment Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1366:45-64. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8702-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Petit E, Bosch L, Costa AM, Rodríguez-Izquierdo I, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Vilarrasa J. BMS Derivatives C7-Linked to β-Cyclodextrin and Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Retain Activity against R5-HIV-1 NLAD8 Isolates and Can Be Deemed Potential Microbicides. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2217-2222. [PMID: 33843142 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amides from indole-3-glyoxylic acid and 4-benzoyl-2-methylpiperazine, which are related to entry inhibitors developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), have been synthesized with aliphatic chains located at the C7 position of the indole ring. These spacers contain an azido group suitable for the well-known Cu(I)-catalyzed (3+2)-cycloaddition or an activated triple bond for the nucleophilic addition of thiols under physiological conditions. Reaction with polyols (β-cyclodextrin and hyperbranched polyglycerol) decorated with complementary click partners has afforded polyol-BMS-like conjugates that are not cytotoxic (TZM.bl cells) and retain the activity against R5-HIV-1NLAD8 isolates. Thus, potential vaginal microbicides based on entry inhibitors, which can be called of 4th generation, are reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Petit
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Bosch
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna M Costa
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Izquierdo
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Vilarrasa
- Organic Chemistry Section, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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5
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Bayindir S, Temel Y, Ayna A, Ciftci M. The synthesis of N-benzoylindoles as inhibitors of rat erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22193. [PMID: 29992784 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) play an important function in various biochemical processes as they generate reducing power of the cell. Thus, metabolic reprogramming of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) homeostasis is reported to be a vital step in cancer progression as well as in combinational therapeutic approaches. In this study, N-benzoylindoles 9a--9d, which form the main framework of many natural indole derivatives such as indomethacin and N-benzoylindoylbarbituric acid, were synthesized through three easy and effective steps as an in vitro inhibitor effect of G6PD and 6PGD. The N-benzoylindoles inhibited the enzymatic activity with IC50 in the range of 3.391505 μM for G6PD and 2.19-990 μM for 6PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Bayindir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Temel
- Department of Health Services, Vocational Schools, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Adnan Ayna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ciftci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
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6
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Gao P, Sun L, Zhou J, Li X, Zhan P, Liu X. Discovery of novel anti-HIV agents via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry-based approach. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:857-71. [PMID: 27400283 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1210125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, a variety of new synthetic methodologies and concepts have been proposed in the search for new pharmaceutical lead structures and optimization. Notably, the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry approach has drawn great attention and has become a powerful tool for the generation of privileged medicinal skeletons in the discovery of anti-HIV agents. This is due to the high degree of reliability, complete specificity (chemoselectivity and regioselectivity), mild conditions, and the biocompatibility of the reactants. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors describe the progress thus far on the discovery of novel anti-HIV agents via the CuAAC click chemistry-based approach. EXPERT OPINION CuAAC click chemistry is a proven protocol for synthesizing triazole products which could serve as basic pharmacophores, act as replacements of traditional scaffold or substituent modification, be a linker of dual-target or dual-site inhibitors and more for the discovery of novel anti-HIV agents. What's more, it also provides convenience and feasibility for dynamic combinatorial chemistry and in situ screening. It is envisioned that click chemistry will draw more attention and make more contributions in anti-HIV drug discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
| | - Lin Sun
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
| | - Junsu Zhou
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan , P. R. China
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7
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De Risi C, Pollini GP, Zanirato V. Recent Developments in General Methodologies for the Synthesis of α-Ketoamides. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3241-305. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gian Piero Pollini
- Istituto Universitario
di Studi Superiori “IUSS−Ferrara 1391”, Via delle Scienze 41/b, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vinicio Zanirato
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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8
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Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 1-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-(4-diarylmethylpiperazine-1-yl)ethane-1,2-dione Derivatives. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/4617454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Several new 1-(4-diarylmethylpiperazine-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione derivatives were synthesized by acylation of 1-diarylmethylpiperazine with 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetyl chloride. Their structures were confirmed by1H NMR, IR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. These compounds were further evaluated for their anticancer activity, and most of them were found to have moderate-to-potent antiproliferative activities against Hela, A-549, and ECA-109 cancer cell linesin vitro.
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9
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Du H, Ruan Q, Qi M, Han W. Ligand-Free Pd-Catalyzed Double Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides with Amines to α-Ketoamides under Atmospheric Pressure of Carbon Monoxide and at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7816-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Du
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied
Photochemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No. 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing Ruan
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied
Photochemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No. 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minghao Qi
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied
Photochemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No. 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Han
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied
Photochemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No. 1, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative
Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing 210023, China
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10
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Parker CG, Dahlgren MK, Tao RN, Li DT, Douglass EF, Shoda T, Jawanda N, Spasov KA, Lee S, Zhou N, Domaoal RA, Sutton RE, Anderson KS, Jorgensen WL, Krystal M, Spiegel DA. Illuminating HIV gp120-Ligand Recognition through Computationally-Driven Optimization of Antibody-Recruiting Molecules. Chem Sci 2014; 5:2311-2317. [PMID: 25379167 PMCID: PMC4217211 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report on the structure-based optimization of antibody-recruiting molecules targeting HIV gp120 (ARM-H). These studies have leveraged a combination of medicinal chemistry, biochemical and cellular assay analysis, and computation. Our findings have afforded an optimized analog of ARM-H, which is ~1000 fold more potent in gp120-binding and MT-2 antiviral assays than our previously reported derivative. Furthermore, computational analysis, taken together with experimental data, provides evidence that azaindole- and indole-based attachment inhibitors bind gp120 at an accessory hydrophobic pocket beneath the CD4-binding site and can also adopt multiple unique binding modes in interacting with gp120. These results are likely to prove highly enabling in the development of novel HIV attachment inhibitors, and more broadly, they suggest novel applications for ARMs as probes of conformationally flexible systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus K Dahlgren
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Ran N Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Don T Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Eugene F Douglass
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Takuji Shoda
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Navneet Jawanda
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Krasimir A Spasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Sangil Lee
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Research and Development, Wallingford, CT 06492
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Research and Development, Wallingford, CT 06492
| | - Robert A Domaoal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Richard E Sutton
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 ; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | | | - Mark Krystal
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Research and Development, Wallingford, CT 06492
| | - David A Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 ; Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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11
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Lim Z, Duggan PJ, Meyer AG, Tuck KL. An iterative in silico and modular synthetic approach to aqueous soluble tercyclic α-helix mimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4432-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00647j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Sato S, Inokuma T, Otsubo N, Burton DR, Barbas CF. Chemically Programmed Antibodies AS HIV-1 Attachment Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:460-465. [PMID: 23750312 DOI: 10.1021/ml400097z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe the design and application of two small-molecule anti-HIV compounds for the creation of chemically programmed antibodies. N-acyl-β-lactam derivatives of two previously described molecules BMS-378806 and BMS-488043 that inhibit the interaction between HIV-1 gp120 and T-cells were synthesized and used to program the binding activity of aldolase antibody 38C2. Discovery of a successful linkage site to BMS-488043 allowed for the synthesis of chemically programmed antibodies with affinity for HIV-1 gp120 and potent HIV-1 neutralization activity. Derivation of a successful conjugation strategy for this family of HIV-1 entry inhibitors enables its application in chemically programmed antibodies and vaccines and may facilitate the development of novel bispecific antibodies and topical microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Sato
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Chemistry and the
Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Immunology
and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
| | - Tsubasa Inokuma
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Chemistry and the
Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Immunology
and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
| | - Nobumasa Otsubo
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Chemistry and the
Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Immunology
and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Chemistry and the
Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Immunology
and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
| | - Carlos F. Barbas
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Chemistry and the
Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Immunology
and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
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13
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Regueiro-Ren A, Xue QM, Swidorski JJ, Gong YF, Mathew M, Parker DD, Yang Z, Eggers B, D'Arienzo C, Sun Y, Malinowski J, Gao Q, Wu D, Langley DR, Colonno RJ, Chien C, Grasela DM, Zheng M, Lin PF, Meanwell NA, Kadow JF. Inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) attachment. 12. Structure-activity relationships associated with 4-fluoro-6-azaindole derivatives leading to the identification of 1-(4-benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-fluoro-7-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-1h-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione (BMS-585248). J Med Chem 2013; 56:1656-69. [PMID: 23360431 DOI: 10.1021/jm3016377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of highly potent HIV-1 attachment inhibitors with 4-fluoro-6-azaindole core heterocycles that target the viral envelope protein gp120 has been prepared. Substitution in the 7-position of the azaindole core with amides (12a,b), C-linked heterocycles (12c-l), and N-linked heterocycles (12m-u) provided compounds with subnanomolar potency in a pseudotype infectivity assay and good pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo. A predictive model was developed from the initial SAR in which the potency of the analogues correlated with the ability of the substituent in the 7-position of the azaindole to adopt a coplanar conformation by either forming internal hydrogen bonds or avoiding repulsive substitution patterns. 1-(4-Benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-fluoro-7-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione (BMS-585248, 12m) exhibited much improved in vitro potency and pharmacokinetic properties than the previous clinical candidate BMS-488043 (1). The predicted low clearance in humans, modest protein binding, and good potency in the presence of 40% human serum for 12m led to its selection for human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Regueiro-Ren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States.
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14
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Babu RS, Chen Q, Kang SW, Zhou M, O'Doherty GA. De novo asymmetric synthesis of all-D-, all-L-, and D-/L-oligosaccharides using atom-less protecting groups. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11952-5. [PMID: 22780712 DOI: 10.1021/ja305321e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharide synthesis is hindered by the need for multiple steps as well as numerous selective protections and deprotections. Herein we report a highly efficient de novo route to various oligosaccharide motifs, of use for biological and medicinal structure activity studies. The key to the overall efficiency is the judicious use of asymmetric catalysis and synthetic design. These green principles include the bidirectional use of highly stereoselective catalysis (Pd(0)-catalyzed glycosylation/post-glycosylation). In addition, the chemoselective use of C-C and C-O π-bond functionality, as atom-less protecting groups as well as an anomeric directing group (via a Pd-π-allyl), highlights the atom-economical aspects of the route to a divergent set of natural and unnatural oligosaccharides (i.e., various d-/l-diastereomers of oligosaccharides as well as deoxysugars which lack C-2 anomeric directing groups). For example, in only 12 steps, the construction of a highly branched heptasaccharide with 35 stereocenters was accomplished from an achiral acylfuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravula Satheesh Babu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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15
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Friis SD, Taaning RH, Lindhardt AT, Skrydstrup T. Silacarboxylic Acids as Efficient Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecules: Synthesis and Application in Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18114-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208652n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stig D. Friis
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry, and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rolf H. Taaning
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry, and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders T. Lindhardt
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry, and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry, and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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16
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Singh IP, Chauthe SK. Small molecule HIV entry inhibitors: Part II. Attachment and fusion inhibitors: 2004-2010. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:399-416. [PMID: 21342055 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.550876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first US FDA approved HIV entry inhibitor drug Enfuvirdine belongs to the fusion inhibitor category. Earlier efforts in this area were focused on peptides and monoclonal antibodies; recently, the focus has shifted towards the development of small molecule HIV attachment and fusion inhibitors. They can be used for prophylactic purposes and also hold potential for the development of HIV microbicides. AREAS COVERED In a previous paper ('Small molecule HIV entry inhibitors: Part I'), we reviewed patents and patent applications for small molecule chemokine receptor antagonists from major pharmaceutical companies. In this paper, the development of small molecule HIV attachment and fusion inhibitors is discussed in detail. It covers patents and patent applications for small molecule HIV attachment and fusion inhibitors published between 2004 and 2010 and related literature with a focus on recent developments based on lead generation and lead modification. EXPERT OPINION To augment the potency of currently available antiretroviral drug combinations and to fight drug-resistant virus variants, more effective drugs which target additional steps in the viral replication cycle are urgently needed. HIV attachment and fusion processes are such targets. Inhibitors of these targets will provide additional options for the treatment of HIV drug-resistant strains. Small molecule HIV attachment inhibitors such as BMS-378806 and analogs from Bristol Myers Squibb, N-aryl piperidine derivatives from Propharmacon, and NBD-556 and NBD-557 from New York Blood Center may have potential as vaginal microbicidal agents and can be an economical alternative to monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inder Pal Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Department of Natural Products, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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17
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Parker CG, Domaoal RA, Anderson KS, Spiegel DA. An antibody-recruiting small molecule that targets HIV gp120. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16392-4. [PMID: 19839582 PMCID: PMC2783809 DOI: 10.1021/ja9057647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic for which new treatment strategies are desperately needed. We have designed a novel small molecule, designated as ARM-H, that has the potential to interfere with HIV survival through two mechanisms: (1) by recruiting antibodies to gp120-expressing virus particles and infected human cells, thus enhancing their uptake and destruction by the human immune system, and (2) by binding the viral glycoprotein gp120, inhibiting its interaction with the human protein CD4 and preventing virus entry. Here we demonstrate that ARM-H is capable of simultaneously binding gp120, a component of the Env surface viral glycoprotein (found on the surface of both HIV and virus-infected cells) and anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl antibodies (already present in the human bloodstream). The ternary complex formed between the antibody, ARM-H, and gp120 is immunologically active and leads to the complement-mediated destruction of Env-expressing cells. Furthermore, ARM-H prevents virus entry into human T-cells and should therefore be capable of inhibiting virus replication through two mutually reinforcing mechanisms (inhibition of virus entry and antibody-mediated killing). These studies demonstrate the viable anti-HIV activity of antibody-recruiting small molecules and have the potential to initiate novel paradigms in HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, PO Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107
| | - Robert A. Domaoal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, SHM B350B, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Karen S. Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, SHM B350B, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - David A. Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, PO Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, SHM B350B, New Haven, CT 06520
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Lu RJ, Tucker JA, Pickens J, Ma YA, Zinevitch T, Kirichenko O, Konoplev V, Kuznetsova S, Sviridov S, Brahmachary E, Khasanov A, Mikel C, Yang Y, Liu C, Wang J, Freel S, Fisher S, Sullivan A, Zhou J, Stanfield-Oakley S, Baker B, Sailstad J, Greenberg M, Bolognesi D, Bray B, Koszalka B, Jeffs P, Jeffries C, Chucholowski A, Sexton C. Heterobiaryl Human Immunodeficiency Virus Entry Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4481-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900330x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jian Lu
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - John A. Tucker
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Jason Pickens
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - You-An Ma
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Tatiana Zinevitch
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | - Olga Kirichenko
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | - Vitalii Konoplev
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | | | - Sergey Sviridov
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | - Enugurthi Brahmachary
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Alisher Khasanov
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Charles Mikel
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Yang Yang
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Changhui Liu
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Jian Wang
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Stephanie Freel
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Shelly Fisher
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Alana Sullivan
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Jiying Zhou
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | | | - Brian Baker
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Jeff Sailstad
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Michael Greenberg
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Dani Bolognesi
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Brian Bray
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Barney Koszalka
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Peter Jeffs
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Alexander Chucholowski
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Connie Sexton
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
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Meanwell NA, Wallace OB, Fang H, Wang H, Deshpande M, Wang T, Yin Z, Zhang Z, Pearce BC, James J, Yeung KS, Qiu Z, Kim Wright J, Yang Z, Zadjura L, Tweedie DL, Yeola S, Zhao F, Ranadive S, Robinson BA, Gong YF, Wang HGH, Blair WS, Shi PY, Colonno RJ, Lin PF. Inhibitors of HIV-1 attachment. Part 2: An initial survey of indole substitution patterns. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1977-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bennett A, Liu J, Van Ryk D, Bliss D, Arthos J, Henderson RM, Subramaniam S. Cryoelectron Tomographic Analysis of an HIV-neutralizing Protein and Its Complex with Native Viral gp120. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:27754-9. [PMID: 17599917 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702025200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying structural determinants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neutralization is an important component of rational drug and vaccine design. We used cryoelectron tomography and atomic force microscopy to characterize the structure of an extremely potent HIV-neutralizing protein, D1D2-Ig alpha tp (abbreviated as D1D2-IgP), a polyvalent antibody construct that presents dodecameric CD4 in place of the Fab regions. We show that D1D2-IgP has a novel structure, displaying greater flexibility of its antibody arms than the closely related IgM. Using simian immunodeficiency virus in complex with D1D2-IgP, we present unequivocal evidence that D1D2-IgP can cross-link surface spikes on the same virus and on neighboring viruses. The observed binding to the viral envelope spikes is the result of specific CD4-gp120 interaction, because binding was not observed with MICA-IgP, a construct that is identical to D1D2-IgP except that major histocompatibility complex Class I-related Chain A (MICA) replaces the CD4 moiety. CD4-mediated binding was also associated with a significantly elevated proportion of ruptured viruses. The ratio of inactivated to CD4-liganded gp120-gp41 spikes can be much greater than 1:1, because all gp120-gp41 spikes on the closely apposed surfaces of cross-linked viruses should be incapable of accessing the target cell surface and mediating entry, as a result of inter-virus spike cross-linking. These results implicate flexibility rather than steric bulk or polyvalence per se as a structural explanation for the extreme potency of D1D2-IgP and thus suggest polyvalence presented on a flexible scaffold as a key design criterion for small molecule HIV entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bennett
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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21
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Li H, Guan Y, Szczepanska A, Moreno-Vargas AJ, Carmona AT, Robina I, Lewis GK, Wang LX. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of trivalent CD4-mimetic miniproteins. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4220-8. [PMID: 17412600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of trivalent CD4-mimetic miniproteins was synthesized, in which three CD4M9 miniprotein moieties were tethered on a threefold-symmetric scaffold. The trivalent miniproteins were designed to target the CD4-binding sites displayed in the trimeric gp120 complex of HIV-1. The synthesis takes advantage of the highly efficient ligation between a cysteine-tagged CD4M9 miniprotein and a suitable trivalent maleimide that varied in the nature and length of spacer. Antiviral assay revealed that most of the synthetic trivalent miniproteins demonstrated significantly enhanced anti-HIV activities over the monomeric CD4M9 against both R5- and X4-tropic viruses, indicating the beneficial multivalent effects. One compound that possesses a hydrophobic linker was shown to be 140-fold more active than CD4M9 against HIV-1(Bal) infection, implicating a positive contribution of the lipid portion to the antiviral activity. It was also found that most of the trivalent miniproteins showed comparable anti-HIV activities in comparison with a typical bivalent miniprotein, regardless of the length of the linker. The results implicate a novel mechanism of the interactions between the multivalent inhibitors and the trimeric gp120 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengguang Li
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Sallem W, Serradji N, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Dive G, Clayette P, Heymans F. Structure–activity relationships in platelet-activating factor. Part 14: Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazine derivatives with dual anti-PAF and anti-HIV-1 activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7999-8013. [PMID: 16908170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As HIV-associated dementia prevalence has risen with the lifespan of HIV-infected individuals, there is an important need for antiretroviral and anti-inflammatory drugs targeting the central nervous system. Platelet-activating factor, a mediator of inflammation, is an HIV-induced neurotoxin secreted in the infected brain. In this work, we developed piperazine derivatives bearing a heterocyclic moiety as PAF-antagonists and HIV-1 replication inhibitors with micromolar potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Sallem
- Unité de Recherche Pharmacochimie Moléculaire et Systèmes Membranaires (EA 2381), Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, case 7066, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Kong R, Tan JJ, Ma XH, Chen WZ, Wang CX. Prediction of the binding mode between BMS-378806 and HIV-1 gp120 by docking and molecular dynamics simulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2006; 1764:766-72. [PMID: 16455315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BMS-378806 is a newly discovered small molecule that effectively blocks the binding of CD4 with gp120. The binding mode of this kind of inhibitor remains unknown. In this paper, AutoDock 3.0 in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulation, accommodating the receptor's flexibility, was used to explore the binding mode between BMS-378806 and gp120. Two structures, Mode I and Mode II, with the lowest docking energy were selected as different representative binding modes. The analysis of the results from the molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the binding of BMS-348806 in Mode II is more stable. The average structure of Mode II was analyzed and compared with the experimental data. The conclusion was that BMS-378806 inserts the azaindole ring deeply into the PHE43 cavity and makes contact with a number of residues in the cavity, on the cavity and near the cavity. This study benefits the understanding of the mechanism of this kind of inhibitor and may provide useful information for rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Kong
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China
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