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Lan Y, Zhou Y, Wu M, Jia C, Zhao J. Microfluidic based single cell or droplet manipulation: Methods and applications. Talanta 2023; 265:124776. [PMID: 37348357 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of single cell or droplet is first and crucial step to single-cell analysis, which is important for cancer research and diagnostic methods. This review provides an overview of technologies that are currently used or in development to realize the isolation. Microfluidic based manipulation is an emerging technology with the distinct advantages of miniaturization and low cost. Therefore, recent developments in microfluidic isolated methods have attracted extensive attention. We introduced herein five strategies based on microfluid: trap, microfluidic discrete manipulation, bioprinter, capillary and inertial force. For every technology, their basic principles and features were discussed firstly. Then some modified approaches and applications were listed as the extension. Finally, we compared the advantages and drawbacks of these methods, and analyzed the trend of the manipulation based on microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Chunping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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García-Hernández LA, Martínez-Martínez E, Pazos-Solís D, Aguado-Preciado J, Dutt A, Chávez-Ramírez AU, Korgel B, Sharma A, Oza G. Optical Detection of Cancer Cells Using Lab-on-a-Chip. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040439. [PMID: 37185514 PMCID: PMC10136345 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The global need for accurate and efficient cancer cell detection in biomedicine and clinical diagnosis has driven extensive research and technological development in the field. Precision, high-throughput, non-invasive separation, detection, and classification of individual cells are critical requirements for successful technology. Lab-on-a-chip devices offer enormous potential for solving biological and medical problems and have become a priority research area for microanalysis and manipulating cells. This paper reviews recent developments in the detection of cancer cells using the microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip method, focusing on describing and explaining techniques that use optical phenomena and a plethora of probes for sensing, amplification, and immobilization. The paper describes how optics are applied in each experimental method, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The discussion includes a summary of current challenges and prospects for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Abraham García-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro C.P. 76703, Mexico
| | | | - Denni Pazos-Solís
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Querétaro C.P. 76130, Mexico
| | - Javier Aguado-Preciado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Querétaro C.P. 76130, Mexico
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Circuito Exterior S/N Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Abraham Ulises Chávez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro C.P. 76703, Mexico
| | - Brian Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1062, USA
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Querétaro C.P. 76130, Mexico
| | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro C.P. 76703, Mexico
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Yin C, Jiang X, Mann S, Tian L, Drinkwater BW. Acoustic Trapping: An Emerging Tool for Microfabrication Technology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207917. [PMID: 36942987 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The high throughput deposition of microscale objects with precise spatial arrangement represents a key step in microfabrication technology. This can be done by creating physical boundaries to guide the deposition process or using printing technologies; in both approaches, these microscale objects cannot be further modified after they are formed. The utilization of dynamic acoustic fields offers a novel approach to facilitate real-time reconfigurable miniaturized systems in a contactless manner, which can potentially be used in physics, chemistry, biology, as well as materials science. Here, the physical interactions of microscale objects in an acoustic pressure field are discussed and how to fabricate different acoustic trapping devices and how to tune the spatial arrangement of the microscale objects are explained. Moreover, different approaches that can dynamically modulate microscale objects in acoustic fields are presented, and the potential applications of the microarrays in biomedical engineering, chemical/biochemical sensing, and materials science are highlighted alongside a discussion of future research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Stephen Mann
- Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Liangfei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 66 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Bruce W Drinkwater
- Faculty of Engineering, Queen's Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
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Xie Y, Liu X. Multifunctional manipulation of red blood cells using optical tweezers. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100315. [PMID: 34773382 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Serving as natural vehicles to deliver oxygen throughout the whole body, red blood cells (RBCs) have been regarded as important indicators for biomedical analysis and clinical diagnosis. Various diseases can be induced due to the dysfunction of RBCs. Hence, a flexible tool is required to perform precise manipulation and quantitative characterization of their physiological mechanisms and viscoelastic properties. Optical tweezers have emerged as potential candidates due to their noncontact manipulation and femtonewton-precision measurements. This review aimed to highlight the recent advances in the multifunctional manipulation of RBCs using optical tweezers, including controllable deformation, dynamic stretching, RBC aggregation, blood separation and Raman characterization. Further, great attentions have been focused on the precise assembly of functional biophotonics devices with trapped RBCs, and a brief overview was offered for the growing interests to manipulate RBCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Xie
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Liu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang H, Ma H, Fang P, Xin Y, Li C, Wan X, He Z, Jia J, Ling Z. Dynamic confocal Raman spectroscopy of flowing blood in bionic blood vessel. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 259:119890. [PMID: 33971440 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
How to quickly and safely identify blood species has always been an urgent problem for scientists. Smear test method has the risk of blood contamination, and the blood itself may carry some unknown viruses or pathogens, which will bring health risks to the testing personnel. Therefore, in order to meet the urgent needs of rapid and safe detection of blood, a technology which can detect dynamic confocal Raman spectroscopy of flowing blood in bionic blood vessel was proposed. The blood, which was sealed in the bionic blood vessel, flowed through the focus gaze area of laser by the microfluidic pump, to detect the dynamic blood Raman spectrum. Human blood and cattle blood were selected as experimental objects, and the experiments were carried out under the same parameters. Combined with PCA-LDA (principal component analysis and linear discriminate analysis) classification model, the predictive classification of the two species without error recognition was realized. The hidden weak Raman signals were mined by derivative spectra, and the fundamental differences of Raman spectra of two species were compared. Then the biochemical information that caused the differences was also analyzed. The results show the method can meet the detection requirements of sealed blood, and the Raman spectra of flowing blood is more representative than those of static blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Huanzhen Ma
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peipei Fang
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingjian Xin
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiong Wan
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Zhiping He
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Jianjun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China.
| | - Zongcheng Ling
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
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Tsui SM, Ahmed R, Amjad N, Ahmed I, Yang J, Manno F, Barman I, Shih WC, Lau C. Single red blood cell analysis reveals elevated hemoglobin in poikilocytes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-13. [PMID: 31975576 PMCID: PMC6976897 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.1.015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abnormally shaped red blood cells (RBCs), called poikilocytes, can cause anemia. At present, the biochemical abnormalities in poikilocytes are not well understood. Normal RBCs and poikilocytes were analyzed using whole-blood and single-cell methods. Poikilocytes were induced in rat blood by intragastrically administering titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Complete blood count and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses were performed on whole-blood to measure average RBC morphology, blood hemoglobin (HGB), iron content, and other blood parameters. Follow-up confocal Raman spectroscopy was performed on single RBCs to analyze cell-type-specific HGB content. Two types of poikilocytes, acanthocytes and echinocytes, were observed in TiO2 blood samples, along with normal RBCs. Acanthocytes (diameter 7.7 ± 0.5 μm) and echinocytes (7.6 ± 0.6 μm) were microscopically larger (p < 0.05) than normal RBCs (6.6 ± 0.4 μm) found in control blood samples (no TiO2 administration). Similarly, mean corpuscular volume was higher (p < 0.05) in TiO2 whole-blood (70.70 ± 1.97 fl) than in control whole-blood (67.42 ± 2.03 fl). Poikilocytes also had higher HGB content. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin was higher (p < 0.05) in TiO2 whole-blood (21.84 ± 0.75 pg) than in control whole-blood (20.8 ± 0.32 pg). Iron content was higher (p < 0.001) in TiO2 whole-blood (697.0 ± 24.5 mg / l) than in control whole-blood (503.4 ± 38.5 mg / l), which supports elevated HGB as iron is found in HGB. HGB-associated Raman bands at 1637, 1585, and 1372 cm - 1 had higher (p < 0.001) amplitudes in acanthocytes and echinocytes than in RBCs from control blood and normal RBCs from TiO2 blood. Further, the 1585-cm - 1 band had a lower (p < 0.05) amplitude in normal RBCs from TiO2 versus control RBCs. This represents biochemical abnormalities in normal appearing RBCs. Overall, poikilocytes, especially acanthocytes, have elevated HGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Man Tsui
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Noreen Amjad
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Sukkur IBA University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur, Pakistan
| | - Jingwei Yang
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francis Manno
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, Hong Kong SAR, China
- University of Sydney, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ishan Barman
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Oncology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- University of Houston, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Condon Lau
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Address all correspondence to Condon Lau, E-mail:
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Belhout SA, Baptista FR, Devereux SJ, Parker AW, Ward AD, Quinn SJ. Preparation of polymer gold nanoparticle composites with tunable plasmon coupling and their application as SERS substrates. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19884-19894. [PMID: 31599311 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The controlled surface functionalisation of polystyrene beads (200 nm) with a lipoic acid derivative is used to assemble composites with between 4 to 20% loadings of citrate stabilised gold nanoparticles (13 nm-30 nm), which exhibit variable optical properties arising from interactions of the nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The decrease in average interparticle distance at higher loadings results in a red-shift in the SPR wavelength, which is well described by a universal ruler equation. The composite particles are shown to act as good SERS substrates for the standard analyte 4-mercaptophenol. The direct assessment of the SERS activity for individual composite particles solution is achieved by Raman optical tweezer measurements on 5.3 μm composite particles. These measurements show an increase in performance with increasing AuNP size. Importantly, the SERS activity of the individual particles compares well with the bulk measurements of samples deposited on a surface, indicating that the SERS activity arises primarily from the composite and not due to composite-composite interactions. In both studies the optimum SERS response is obtained with 30 nm AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Belhout
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Stephen J Devereux
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK.
| | - Andrew D Ward
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK.
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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Enhancing Double-Beam Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (LTRS) for the Photochemical Study of Individual Airborne Microdroplets. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183325. [PMID: 31547361 PMCID: PMC6766935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new device and methodology for vertically coupling confocal Raman microscopy with optical tweezers for the in situ physico- and photochemical studies of individual microdroplets (Ø ≤ 10 µm) levitated in air is presented. The coupling expands the spectrum of studies performed with individual particles using laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) to photochemical processes and spatially resolved Raman microspectroscopy on airborne aerosols. This is the first study to demonstrate photochemical studies and Raman mapping on optically levitated droplets. By using this configuration, photochemical reactions in aerosols of atmospheric interest can be studied on a laboratory scale under realistic conditions of gas-phase composition and relative humidity. Likewise, the distribution of photoproducts within the drop can also be observed with this setup. The applicability of the coupling system was tested by studying the photochemical behavior of microdroplets (5 µm < Ø < 8 µm) containing an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate levitated in air and exposed to narrowed UV radiation (254 ± 25 nm). Photolysis of the levitated NaNO3 microdroplets presented photochemical kinetic differences in comparison with larger NaNO3 droplets (40 µm < Ø < 80 µm), previously photolyzed using acoustic traps, and heterogeneity in the distribution of the photoproducts within the drop.
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Fang T, Shang W, Liu C, Xu J, Zhao D, Liu Y, Ye A. Nondestructive Identification and Accurate Isolation of Single Cells through a Chip with Raman Optical Tweezers. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9932-9939. [PMID: 31251569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Raman optical tweezers (ROT) as a label-free technique plays an important role in single-cell study such as heterogeneity of tumor and microbial cells. Herein we designed a chip utilizing ROT to isolate a specific single cell. The chip was made from a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab and formed into a gourd-shaped reservoir with a connected channel on a cover glass. On the chip an individual cell could be isolated from a cell crowd and then extracted with ∼0.5 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via pipet immediately after Raman spectral measurements of the same cell. As verification, we separated four different type of cells including BGC823 gastric cancer cells, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and E. coli cells and quantifiably characterized the heterogeneity of the cancer cells, leukocyte subtype, and erythrocyte status, respectively. The average time of identifying and isolating a specific cell was 3 min. Cell morphology comparison and viability tests showed that the successful rate of single-cell isolation was about 90%. Thus, we believe our platform could further couple other single-cell techniques such as single-cell sequencing and become a multiperspective analytical approach at the level of a single cell.
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Verma RS, Ahlawat S, Uppal A. Optical guiding-based cell focusing for Raman flow cell cytometer. Analyst 2019; 143:2648-2655. [PMID: 29756139 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of an optical guiding arrangement generated in a microfluidic channel to produce a stream of single cells in a line for single-cell Raman spectroscopic analysis. The optical guiding arrangement consisted of dual-line optical tweezers, generated using a 1064 nm laser, aligned in the shape of a '' symbol. By controlling the laser power in the tweezers and the flow rate in the microfluidic channel, a single line flow of cells could be produced in the tail of the guiding arrangement, where the 514.5 nm Raman excitation beam was also located. Furthermore, by resonantly exciting the Raman spectrum, a good-quality Raman spectrum could be recorded from the flowing single cells as they passed through the Raman excitation focal spot without the need to trap the cells. As a proof of concept, it was shown that red blood cells (RBCs) could be guided to the tail of the optical guide and the Raman spectra of the resonantly excited cells could be recorded in a continuous manner without trapping the cells at a cell flow rate of ∼500 cells per h. From the recorded spectra, we were able to distinguish between RBCs containing hemoglobin in the normal form (normal-RBCs) and the met form (met-RBCs) from a mixture of RBCs comprising met-RBCs and normal-RBCs in a ratio of 1 : 9.
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Murphy TW, Zhang Q, Naler LB, Ma S, Lu C. Recent advances in the use of microfluidic technologies for single cell analysis. Analyst 2017; 143:60-80. [PMID: 29170786 PMCID: PMC5839671 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The inherent heterogeneity in cell populations has become of great interest and importance as analytical techniques have improved over the past decades. With the advent of personalized medicine, understanding the impact of this heterogeneity has become an important challenge for the research community. Many different microfluidic approaches with varying levels of throughput and resolution exist to study single cell activity. In this review, we take a broad view of the recent microfluidic developments in single cell analysis based on microwell, microchamber, and droplet platforms. We cover physical, chemical, and molecular biology approaches for cellular and molecular analysis including newly emerging genome-wide analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Yan W, Yang L, Chen J, Wu Y, Wang P, Li Z. In Situ Two-Step Photoreduced SERS Materials for On-Chip Single-Molecule Spectroscopy with High Reproducibility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1702893. [PMID: 28718979 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A method is developed to synthesize surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) materials capable of single-molecule detection, integrated with a microfluidic system. Using a focused laser, silver nanoparticle aggregates as SERS monitors are fabricated in a microfluidic channel through photochemical reduction. After washing out the monitor, the aggregates are irradiated again by the same laser. This key step leads to full reduction of the residual reactants, which generates numerous small silver nanoparticles on the former nanoaggregates. Consequently, the enhancement ability of the SERS monitor is greatly boosted due to the emergence of new "hot spots." At the same time, the influence of the notorious "memory effect" in microfluidics is substantially suppressed due to the depletion of surface residues. Taking these advantages, two-step photoreduced SERS materials are able to detect different types of molecules with the concentration down to 10-13 m. Based on a well-accepted bianalyte approach, it is proved that the detection limit reaches the single-molecule level. From a practical point of view, the detection reproducibility at different probing concentrations is also investigated. It is found that the effective single-molecule SERS measurements can be raised up to ≈50%. This microfluidic SERS with high reproducibility and ultrasensitivity will find promising applications in on-chip single-molecule spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yan
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Longkun Yang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Wu
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Peijie Wang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
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Sahoo K, Karumuri S, Hikkaduwa Koralege RS, Flynn NH, Hartson S, Liu J, Ramsey JD, Kalkan AK, Pope C, Ranjan A. Molecular and Biocompatibility Characterization of Red Blood Cell Membrane Targeted and Cell-Penetrating-Peptide-Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2224-2235. [PMID: 28505457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) express a variety of immunomodulatory markers that enable the body to recognize them as self. We have shown that RBC membrane glycophorin A (GPA) receptor can mediate membrane attachment of protein therapeutics. A critical knowledge gap is whether attaching drug-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) to GPA and modification with cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) will impact binding, oxygenation, and the induction of cellular stress. The objective of this study was to formulate copolymer-based NPs containing model fluorescent-tagged bovine serum albumin (BSA) with GPA-specific targeting ligands such as ERY1 (ENPs), single-chain variable antibody (scFv TER-119, SNPs), and low-molecular-weight protamine-based CPP (LNPs) and to determine their biocompatibility using a variety of complementary high-throughput in vitro assays. Experiments were conducted by coincubating NPs with RBCs at body temperature, and biocompatibility was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, hemolysis, complement lysis, and oxidative stress assays. Data suggested that LNPs effectively targeted RBCs, conferring 2-fold greater uptake in RBCs compared to ENPs and SNPs. Raman spectroscopy results indicated no adverse effect of NP attachment or internalization on the oxygenation status of RBCs. Cellular stress markers such as glutathione, malondialdehyde, and catalase were within normal limits, and complement-mediated lysis due to NPs was negligible in RBCs. Under the conditions tested, our data demonstrates that molecular targeting of the RBC membrane is a feasible translational strategy for improving drug pharmacokinetics and that the proposed high-throughput assays can prescreen diverse NPs for preclinical and clinical biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuv Sahoo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, ‡School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, §School of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Sriharsha Karumuri
- Department of Physiological Sciences, ‡School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, §School of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Rangika S Hikkaduwa Koralege
- Department of Physiological Sciences, ‡School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, §School of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Nicholas H Flynn
- Department of Physiological Sciences, ‡School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, §School of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Steve Hartson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, ‡School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, §School of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, ‡School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, §School of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Joshua D Ramsey
- Department of Physiological Sciences, ‡School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, §School of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - A Kaan Kalkan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, ‡School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, §School of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Carey Pope
- Department of Physiological Sciences, ‡School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, §School of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, ‡School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, §School of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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14
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Atkins CG, Buckley K, Blades MW, Turner RFB. Raman Spectroscopy of Blood and Blood Components. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:767-793. [PMID: 28398071 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816686593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood is a bodily fluid that is vital for a number of life functions in animals. To a first approximation, blood is a mildly alkaline aqueous fluid (plasma) in which a large number of free-floating red cells (erythrocytes), white cells (leucocytes), and platelets are suspended. The primary function of blood is to transport oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body and move carbon dioxide in the return direction after it is produced by the cells' metabolism. Blood also carries nutrients to the cells and brings waste products to the liver and kidneys. Measured levels of oxygen, nutrients, waste, and electrolytes in blood are often used for clinical assessment of human health. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique that uses the inelastic scattering of light to provide information on chemical composition, and hence has a potential role in this clinical assessment process. Raman spectroscopic probing of blood components and of whole blood has been on-going for more than four decades and has proven useful in applications ranging from the understanding of hemoglobin oxygenation, to the discrimination of cancerous cells from healthy lymphocytes, and the forensic investigation of crime scenes. In this paper, we review the literature in the field, collate the published Raman spectroscopy studies of erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets, plasma, and whole blood, and attempt to draw general conclusions on the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad G Atkins
- 1 Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Canada
- 2 Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Buckley
- 1 Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Canada
- 3 Nanoscale Biophotonics Laboratory, National University of Ireland, Ireland
| | - Michael W Blades
- 2 Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robin F B Turner
- 1 Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Canada
- 2 Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Canada
- 4 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Perez–Guaita D, de Veij M, Marzec KM, Almohammedi ARD, McNaughton D, Hudson AJ, Wood BR. Resonance Raman and UV‐Visible Microscopy Reveals that Conditioning Red Blood Cells with Repeated Doses of Sodium Dithionite Increases Haemoglobin Oxygen Uptake. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Perez–Guaita
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Australia
| | - Marleen de Veij
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Australia
| | - Katarzyna M. Marzec
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum Krakow Poland
| | | | - Don McNaughton
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Australia
| | | | - Bayden R. Wood
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Australia
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16
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Nanoplasmonic and Microfluidic Devices for Biological Sensing. NATO SCIENCE FOR PEACE AND SECURITY SERIES B: PHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0850-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Krafft C, Schie IW, Meyer T, Schmitt M, Popp J. Developments in spontaneous and coherent Raman scattering microscopic imaging for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1819-49. [PMID: 26497570 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00564g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
First, the potential role of Raman-based techniques in biomedicine is introduced. Second, an overview about the instrumentation for spontaneous and coherent Raman scattering microscopic imaging is given with a focus of recent developments. Third, imaging strategies are summarized including sequential registration with laser scanning microscopes, line imaging and global or wide-field imaging. Finally, examples of biomedical applications are presented in the context of single cells, laser tweezers, tissue sections, biopsies and whole animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Krafft
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - I W Schie
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - T Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany. and Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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18
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A self-filling microfluidic device for noninvasive and time-resolved single red blood cell experiments. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:054121. [PMID: 27822329 PMCID: PMC5085976 DOI: 10.1063/1.4966212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Existing approaches to red blood cell (RBC) experiments on the single-cell level usually rely on chemical or physical manipulations that often cause difficulties with preserving the RBC's integrity in a controlled microenvironment. Here, we introduce a straightforward, self-filling microfluidic device that autonomously separates and isolates single RBCs directly from unprocessed human blood samples and confines them in diffusion-controlled microchambers by solely exploiting their unique intrinsic properties. We were able to study the photo-induced oxygenation cycle of single functional RBCs by Raman microscopy without the limitations typically observed in optical tweezers based methods. Using bright-field microscopy, our noninvasive approach further enabled the time-resolved analysis of RBC flickering during the reversible shape evolution from the discocyte to the echinocyte morphology. Due to its specialized geometry, our device is particularly suited for studying the temporal behavior of single RBCs under precise control of their environment that will provide important insights into the RBC's biomedical and biophysical properties.
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19
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Tsai LW, Lin YC, Perevedentseva E, Lugovtsov A, Priezzhev A, Cheng CL. Nanodiamonds for Medical Applications: Interaction with Blood in Vitro and in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071111. [PMID: 27420044 PMCID: PMC4964486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (ND) have emerged to be a widely-discussed nanomaterial for their applications in biological studies and for medical diagnostics and treatment. The potentials have been successfully demonstrated in cellular and tissue models in vitro. For medical applications, further in vivo studies on various applications become important. One of the most challenging possibilities of ND biomedical application is controllable drug delivery and tracing. That usually assumes ND interaction with the blood system. In this work, we study ND interaction with rat blood and analyze how the ND surface modification and coating can optimize the ND interaction with the blood. It was found that adsorption of a low concentration of ND does not affect the oxygenation state of red blood cells (RBC). The obtained in vivo results are compared to the results of in vitro studies of nanodiamond interaction with rat and human blood and blood components, such as red blood cells and blood plasma. An in vivo animal model shows ND injected in blood attach to the RBC membrane and circulate with blood for more than 30 min; and ND do not stimulate an immune response by measurement of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α with ND injected into mice via the caudal vein. The results further confirm nanodiamonds’ safety in organisms, as well as the possibility of their application without complicating the blood’s physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chung Lin
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | | | - Andrei Lugovtsov
- International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander Priezzhev
- International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Chia-Liang Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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20
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Redding B, Schwab M, Pan YL. Raman Spectroscopy of Optically Trapped Single Biological Micro-Particles. SENSORS 2015; 15:19021-46. [PMID: 26247952 PMCID: PMC4570358 DOI: 10.3390/s150819021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The combination of optical trapping with Raman spectroscopy provides a powerful method for the study, characterization, and identification of biological micro-particles. In essence, optical trapping helps to overcome the limitation imposed by the relative inefficiency of the Raman scattering process. This allows Raman spectroscopy to be applied to individual biological particles in air and in liquid, providing the potential for particle identification with high specificity, longitudinal studies of changes in particle composition, and characterization of the heterogeneity of individual particles in a population. In this review, we introduce the techniques used to integrate Raman spectroscopy with optical trapping in order to study individual biological particles in liquid and air. We then provide an overview of some of the most promising applications of this technique, highlighting the unique types of measurements enabled by the combination of Raman spectroscopy with optical trapping. Finally, we present a brief discussion of future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Redding
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA.
| | - Mark Schwab
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA.
| | - Yong-le Pan
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA.
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21
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Deng Y, Idso MN, Galvan DD, Yu Q. Optofluidic microsystem with quasi-3 dimensional gold plasmonic nanostructure arrays for online sensitive and reproducible SERS detection. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 863:41-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Zhang Q, Zhang P, Gou H, Mou C, Huang WE, Yang M, Xu J, Ma B. Towards high-throughput microfluidic Raman-activated cell sorting. Analyst 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Raman-activated cell sorting (RACS) is a promising single-cell analysis technology that is able to identify and isolate individual cells of targeted type, state or environment from an isogenic population or complex consortium of cells, in a label-free and non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Single-Cell Center
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Single-Cell Center
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
| | - Honglei Gou
- Single-Cell Center
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
| | - Chunbo Mou
- College of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Wei E. Huang
- Single-Cell Center
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
| | - Menglong Yang
- Public Laboratory and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
| | - Bo Ma
- Single-Cell Center
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
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23
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Huang NT, Zhang HL, Chung MT, Seo JH, Kurabayashi K. Recent advancements in optofluidics-based single-cell analysis: optical on-chip cellular manipulation, treatment, and property detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1230-45. [PMID: 24525555 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular analysis plays important roles in various biological applications, such as cell biology, drug development, and disease diagnosis. Conventional cellular analysis usually measures the average response from a whole cell group. However, bulk measurements may cause misleading interpretations due to cell heterogeneity. Another problem is that current cellular analysis may not be able to differentiate various subsets of cell populations, each exhibiting a different behavior than the others. Single-cell analysis techniques are developed to analyze cellular properties, conditions, or functional responses in a large cell population at the individual cell level. Integrating optics with microfluidic platforms provides a well-controlled microenvironment to precisely control single cell conditions and perform non-invasive high-throughput analysis. This paper reviews recent developments in optofluidic technologies for various optics-based single-cell analyses, which involve single cell manipulation, treatment, and property detection. Finally, we provide our views on the future development of integrated optics with microfluidics for single-cell analysis and discuss potential challenges and opportunities of this emerging research field in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Tsu Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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24
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Notingher I, Hench LL. Raman microspectroscopy: a noninvasive tool for studies of individual living cellsin vitro. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 3:215-34. [PMID: 16515388 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.3.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for noninvasive methods that are able to monitor individual live cells in vitro, including in vitro testing of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, monitoring the growth of engineered tissues and the development of cell-based biosensors. Raman spectroscopy is a pure optical technique based on inelastic scattering of laser photons by molecular vibrations of biopolymers, which provide a chemical fingerprint of cells or organelles without fixation, lysis or the use of labels and other contrast-enhancing chemicals. Changes in cells during the cell cycle, cell death, differentiation or during the interaction with various chemicals or materials involve biochemical changes that can be measured with high spatial ( approximately 300 nm) and temporal (seconds to minutes) resolution. The latest technological developments, especially high-sensitivity charged coupled detectors and high-power near-infrared lasers, have spurred the growth of Raman microspectroscopy towards being a well established analytical tool. This review covers the recent applications of this technique, including studies of individual cells, both pro- and eukaryotes, and emphasizes the potential impact on modern scientific endeavors, such as tissue engineering and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Notingher
- University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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25
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Chrimes AF, Khoshmanesh K, Stoddart PR, Mitchell A, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Microfluidics and Raman microscopy: current applications and future challenges. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 42:5880-906. [PMID: 23624774 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35515b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Raman microscopy systems are becoming increasingly widespread and accessible for characterising chemical species. Microfluidic systems are also progressively finding their way into real world applications. Therefore, it is anticipated that the integration of Raman systems with microfluidics will become increasingly attractive and practical. This review aims to provide an overview of Raman microscopy-microfluidics integrated systems for researchers who are actively interested in utilising these tools. The fundamental principles and application strengths of Raman microscopy are discussed in the context of microfluidics. Various configurations of microfluidics that incorporate Raman microscopy methods are presented, with applications highlighted. Data analysis methods are discussed, with a focus on assisting the interpretation of Raman-microfluidics data from complex samples. Finally, possible future directions of Raman-microfluidic systems are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Chrimes
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, 124 LaTrobe St, Melbourne, Australia.
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26
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Abstract
Recent advances in the lab-on-a-chip field in association with nano/microfluidics have been made for new applications and functionalities to the fields of molecular biology, genetic analysis and proteomics, enabling the expansion of the cell biology field. Specifically, microfluidics has provided promising tools for enhancing cell biological research, since it has the ability to precisely control the cellular environment, to easily mimic heterogeneous cellular environment by multiplexing, and to analyze sub-cellular information by high-contents screening assays at the single-cell level. Various cell manipulation techniques in microfluidics have been developed in accordance with specific objectives and applications. In this review, we examine the latest achievements of cell manipulation techniques in microfluidics by categorizing externally applied forces for manipulation: (i) optical, (ii) magnetic, (iii) electrical, (iv) mechanical and (v) other manipulations. We furthermore focus on history where the manipulation techniques originate and also discuss future perspectives with key examples where available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Yun
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, MA, USA
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27
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Chan JW. Recent advances in laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) for label-free analysis of single cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:36-48. [PMID: 23175434 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS), a technique that integrates optical tweezers with confocal Raman spectroscopy, is a variation of micro-Raman spectroscopy that enables the manipulation and biochemical analysis of single biological particles in suspension. This article provides an overview of the LTRS method, with an emphasis on highlighting recent advances over the past several years in the development of the technology and several new biological and biomedical applications that have been demonstrated. A perspective on the future developments of this powerful cytometric technology will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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28
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Lin YC, Tsai LW, Perevedentseva E, Chang HH, Lin CH, Sun DS, Lugovtsov AE, Priezzhev A, Mona J, Cheng CL. The influence of nanodiamond on the oxygenation states and micro rheological properties of human red blood cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:101512. [PMID: 23223988 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.10.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamond has been proven to be biocompatible and proposed for various biomedical applications. Recently, nanometer-sized diamonds have been demonstrated as an effective Raman/fluorescence probe for bio-labeling, as well as, for drug delivery. Bio-labeling/drug delivery can be extended to the human blood system, provided one understands the interaction between nanodiamonds and the blood system. Here, the interaction of nanodiamonds (5 and 100 nm) with human red blood cells (RBC) in vitro is discussed. Measurements have been facilitated using Raman spectroscopy, laser scanning fluorescence spectroscopy, and laser diffractometry (ektacytometry). Data on cell viability and hemolytic analysis are also presented. Results indicate that the nanodiamonds in the studied condition do not cause hemolysis, and the cell viability is not affected. Importantly, the oxygenation/deoxygenation process was not found to be altered when nanodiamonds interacted with the RBC. However, the nanodiamond can affect some RBC properties such as deformability and aggregation in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that the nanodiamond can be used as an effective bio-labeling and drug delivery tool in ambient conditions, without complicating the blood's physiological conditions. However, controlling the blood properties including deformability of RBCs and rheological properties of blood is necessary during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chung Lin
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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29
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Tatsumi K, Katsumoto Y, Fujiwara R, Nakabe K. Numerical and experimental study on the development of electric sensor as for measurement of red blood cell deformability in microchannels. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 12:10566-83. [PMID: 23112616 PMCID: PMC3472844 DOI: 10.3390/s120810566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A microsensor that can continuously measure the deformability of a single red blood cell (RBC) in its microchannels using microelectrodes is described in this paper. The time series of the electric resistance is measured using an AC current vs. voltage method as the RBC passes between counter-electrode-type micro-membrane sensors attached to the bottom wall of the microchannel. The RBC is deformed by the shear flow created in the microchannel; the degree of deformation depends on the elastic modulus of the RBC. The resistance distribution, which is unique to the shape of the RBC, is analyzed to obtain the deformability of each cell. First, a numerical simulation of the electric field around the electrodes and RBC is carried out to evaluate the influences of the RBC height position, channel height, distance between the electrodes, electrode width, and RBC shape on the sensor sensitivity. Then, a microsensor was designed and fabricated on the basis of the numerical results. Resistance measurement was carried out using samples of normal RBCs and rigidified (Ca(2+)-A23186 treated) RBCs. Visualization measurement of the cells' behavior was carried out using a high-speed camera, and the results were compared with those obtained above to evaluate the performance of the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tatsumi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.K.); (R.F.); (K.N.)
| | - Yoichi Katsumoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.K.); (R.F.); (K.N.)
| | - Ryoji Fujiwara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.K.); (R.F.); (K.N.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Nakabe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.K.); (R.F.); (K.N.)
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MENG LJ, LIN MM, NIU LY, LIU JX, WANG HJ, YAO HL. Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Single Red Blood Cells in Vivo Rat. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1096.2011.01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Hunt HC, Wilkinson JS. Kinoform microlenses for focusing into microfluidic channels. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:9442-9457. [PMID: 22535034 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.009442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Optical detection in microflow cytometry requires a tightly focused light beam within a microfluidic channel for effective microparticle analysis. Integrated planar lenses have demonstrated this function, but their design is usually derived from the conventional spherical lens. Compact, efficient, integrated planar kinoform microlenses are proposed for use in microflow cytometry. A detailed design procedure is given and several designs are simulated. A paraxial kinoform lens integrated with a microfluidic channel was then fabricated in a silicate glass material system and characterized for focal position and spotsize, in comparison with light emerging directly from a channel waveguide. Focal spotsizes of 5.6 μm for kinoform lenses have been measured at foci as far as 56 μm into the microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish C Hunt
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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32
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Li M, Ashok PC, Dholakia K, Huang WE. Raman-Activated Cell Counting for Profiling Carbon Dioxide Fixing Microorganisms. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6560-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jp212619n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Li
- Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield
S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen C. Ashok
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Wei E. Huang
- Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield
S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
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33
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Ashok PC, Dholakia K. Optical trapping for analytical biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2012; 23:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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34
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Taylor LC, Kirchner TB, Lavrik NV, Sepaniak MJ. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for microfluidic pillar arrayed separation chips. Analyst 2012; 137:1005-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an16239c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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35
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Microfluidic Raman Spectroscopy for Bio-chemical Sensing and Analysis. SPRINGER SERIES ON CHEMICAL SENSORS AND BIOSENSORS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25498-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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37
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Ashok PC, De Luca AC, Mazilu M, Dholakia K. Enhanced bioanalyte detection in waveguide confined Raman spectroscopy using wavelength modulation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:514-518. [PMID: 21259446 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Waveguide confined Raman spectroscopy (WCRS) incorporates a fibre based Raman detection system in a microfluidic platform enabling the spectroscopic detection of analyte. It offers the possibility to develop portable, alignment free devices for bio-analyte sensing with minimal sample preparation. Ultimate sensitivity is limited by the fibre auto-fluorescence background. Here we report enhanced bio-analyte detection sensitivity by combining WCRS with continuous wavelength modulation technique. We used urea as a model analyte and the modulation parameters have been optimized to maximize the sensitivity of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen C Ashok
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9SS, UK.
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38
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Krasnikov I, Seteikin A, Bernhardt I. Thermal processes in red blood cells exposed to infrared laser tweezers (λ = 1064 nm). JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:206-212. [PMID: 20680975 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-wave laser micro-beams are generally used as diagnostic tools in laser scanning microscopes or in the case of near-infrared (NIR) micro-beams, as optical traps for cell manipulation and force characterization. Because single beam traps are created with objectives of high numerical aperture, typical trapping intensities and photon flux densities are in the order of 10(6) W/cm(2) and 10(3) cm(-2) s(-1), respectively. The main idea of our theoretical study was to investigate the thermal reaction of RBCs irradiated by laser micro-beam. The study is supported by the fact that many experiments have been carried out with RBCs in laser NIR tweezers. In the present work it has been identified that the laser affects a RBC with a density of absorbed energy at approximately 10(7) J/cm(3), which causes a temperature rise in the cell of about 7-12 °C.
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39
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Li Y, Wang G, Yao HL, Liu J, Li YQ. Dual-trap Raman tweezers for probing dynamics and heterogeneity of interacting microbial cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:067008. [PMID: 21198212 DOI: 10.1117/1.3526357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on development of dual-trap Raman tweezers for monitoring cellular dynamics and heterogeneity of interacting living cells suspended in a liquid medium. Dual-beam optical tweezers were combined with Raman spectroscopy, which allows capturing two cells that are in direct contact or closely separated by a few micrometers and simultaneously acquiring their Raman spectra with an imaging CCD spectrograph. As a demonstration, we recorded time-lapse Raman spectra of budding yeast cells held in dual traps for over 40 min to monitor the dynamic growth in a nutrient medium. We also monitored two germinating Bacillus spores after the initiation with L-alanine and observed their heterogeneity in the release of CaDPA under identical microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences Biophysics Laboratory Nanning, Guangxi 530003, China.
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40
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Moritz TJ, Taylor DS, Krol DM, Fritch J, Chan JW. Detection of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of leukemic T-lymphocytes by laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 1:1138-1147. [PMID: 21258536 PMCID: PMC3018077 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) was used to acquire the Raman spectra of leukemic T lymphocytes exposed to the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin at different time points over 72 hours. Changes observed in the Raman spectra were dependent on drug exposure time and concentration. The sequence of spectral changes includes an intensity increase in lipid Raman peaks, followed by an intensity increase in DNA Raman peaks, and finally changes in DNA and protein (phenylalanine) Raman vibrations. These Raman signatures are consistent with vesicle formation, cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and the cytoplasm of dead cells during the different stages of drug-induced apoptosis. These results suggest the potential of LTRS as a real-time single cell tool for monitoring apoptosis, evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments, or pharmaceutical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J. Moritz
- NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Douglas S. Taylor
- NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2516 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Denise M. Krol
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Applied Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John Fritch
- NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - James W. Chan
- NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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41
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Ahluwalia BS, McCourt P, Huser T, Hellesø OG. Optical trapping and propulsion of red blood cells on waveguide surfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:21053-61. [PMID: 20941001 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.021053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have studied optical trapping and propulsion of red blood cells in the evanescent field of optical waveguides. Cell propulsion is found to be highly dependent on the biological medium and serum proteins the cells are submerged in. Waveguides made of tantalum pentoxide are shown to be efficient for cell propulsion. An optical propulsion velocity of up to
6 µm/s on a waveguide with a width of ~6 µm is reported. Stable optical trapping and propulsion of cells during transverse flow is also reported.
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42
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HUO DQ, LIU Z, Hou CJ, YANG J, LUO XG, FA HB, DONG JL, ZHANG YC, ZHANG GP, LI JJ. Recent Advances on Optical Detection Methods and Techniques for Cell-based Microfluidic Systems. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(09)60067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Stevenson DJ, Gunn-Moore F, Dholakia K. Light forces the pace: optical manipulation for biophotonics. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:041503. [PMID: 20799781 DOI: 10.1117/1.3475958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The biomedical sciences have benefited immensely from photonics technologies in the last 50 years. This includes the application of minute forces that enable the trapping and manipulation of cells and single molecules. In terms of the area of biophotonics, optical manipulation has made a seminal contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of single molecules and the microrheology of cells. Here we present a review of optical manipulation, emphasizing its impact on the areas of single-molecule studies and single-cell biology, and indicating some of the key experiments in the fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- David James Stevenson
- University of St Andrews, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, Fife, United Kingdom.
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44
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Pully VV, Lenferink A, van Manen HJ, Subramaniam V, van Blitterswijk CA, Otto C. Microbioreactors for Raman microscopy of stromal cell differentiation. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1844-50. [PMID: 20143855 DOI: 10.1021/ac902515c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the development of microbioreactors with a sensitive and accurate optical coupling to a confocal Raman microspectrometer. We show that such devices enable in situ and in vitro investigation of cell cultures for tissue engineering by chemically sensitive Raman spectroscopic imaging techniques. The optical resolution of the Raman microspectrometer allows recognition and chemical analysis of subcellular features. Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) have been followed after seeding through a phase of early proliferation until typically 21 days later, well after the cells have differentiated to osteoblasts. Long-term perfusion of cells in the dynamic culture conditions was shown to be compatible with experimental optical demands and off-line optical analysis. We show that Raman optical analysis of cells and cellular differentiation in microbioreactors is feasible down to the level of subcellular organelles during development. We conclude that microbioreactors combined with Raman microspectroscopy are a valuable tool to study hBMSC proliferation, differentiation, and development into tissues under in situ and in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Vardhan Pully
- Biophysical Engineering Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522 ND Enschede, The Netherlands
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45
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Ashok PC, Singh GP, Tan KM, Dholakia K. Fiber probe based microfluidic raman spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:7642-7649. [PMID: 20588604 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.007642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel fiber probe based Raman detection system on a microfluidic platform where a split Raman probe is directly embedded into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip. In contrast to previous Raman detection schemes in microfluidics, probe based detection offers reduced background and portability. Compared to conventional backscattering probe designs, the split fiber probe we used in this system, results in a reduced size and offers flexibility to modify the collection geometry to minimize the background generated by the fibers. Also our microfluidic chip design enables us to obtain an alignment free system. As a proof of concept we demonstrate the sensitivity of the device for urea detection at relevant human physiological levels with a low acquisition time. The development of this system on a microfluidic platform means portable, lab on a chip devices for biological analyte detection and environmental sensing using Raman spectroscopy are now within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Ashok
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK
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46
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Abstract
In the last decade optical manipulation has evolved from a field of interest for physicists to a versatile tool widely used within life sciences. This has been made possible in particular due to the development of a large variety of imaging techniques that allow detailed information to be gained from investigations of single cells. The use of multiple optical traps has high potential within single-cell analysis since parallel measurements provide good statistics. Multifunctional optical tweezers are, for instance, used to study cell heterogeneity in an ensemble, and force measurements are used to investigate the mechanical properties of individual cells. Investigations of molecular motors and forces on the single-molecule level have led to discoveries that would have been difficult to make with other techniques. Optical manipulation has prospects within the field of cell signalling and tissue engineering. When combined with microfluidic systems the chemical environment of cells can be precisely controlled. Hence the influence of pH, salt concentration, drugs and temperature can be investigated in real time. Fast advancing technical developments of automated and user-friendly optical manipulation tools and cross-disciplinary collaboration will contribute to the routinely use of optical manipulation techniques within the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Ramser
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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47
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Cherney DP, Harris JM. Confocal Raman microscopy of optical-trapped particles in liquids. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2010; 3:277-97. [PMID: 20636043 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-070109-103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The in situ analysis of small, dispersed particles in liquids is a challenging problem, the successful solution to which influences diverse applications of colloidal particles in materials science, synthetic chemistry, and molecular biology. Optical trapping of small particles with a tightly focused laser beam can be combined with confocal Raman microscopy to provide molecular structure information about individual, femtogram-sized particles in liquid samples. In this review, we consider the basic principles of combining optical trapping and confocal Raman spectroscopy, then survey the applications that have been developed through the combination of these techniques and their use in the analysis of particles dispersed in liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Cherney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA
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48
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Flickering analysis of erythrocyte mechanical properties: dependence on oxygenation level, cell shape, and hydration level. Biophys J 2009; 97:1606-15. [PMID: 19751665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) play an essential role in the respiratory functions of vertebrates, carrying oxygen from lungs to tissues and CO(2) from tissues to lungs. They are mechanically very soft, enabling circulation through small capillaries. The small thermally induced displacements of the membrane provide an important tool in the investigation of the mechanics of the cell membrane. However, despite numerous studies, uncertainties in the interpretation of the data, and in the values derived for the main parameters of cell mechanics, have rendered past conclusions from the fluctuation approach somewhat controversial. Here we revisit the experimental method and theoretical analysis of fluctuations, to adapt them to the case of cell contour fluctuations, which are readily observable experimentally. This enables direct measurements of membrane tension, of bending modulus, and of the viscosity of the cell cytoplasm. Of the various factors that influence the mechanical properties of the cell, we focus here on: 1), the level of oxygenation, as monitored by Raman spectrometry; 2), cell shape; and 3), the concentration of hemoglobin. The results show that, contrary to previous reports, there is no significant difference in cell tension and bending modulus between oxygenated and deoxygenated states, in line with the softness requirement for optimal circulatory flow in both states. On the other hand, tension and bending moduli of discocyte- and spherocyte-shaped cells differ markedly, in both the oxygenated and deoxygenated states. The tension in spherocytes is much higher, consistent with recent theoretical models that describe the transitions between red blood cell shapes as a function of membrane tension. Cell cytoplasmic viscosity is strongly influenced by the hydration state. The implications of these results to circulatory flow dynamics in physiological and pathological conditions are discussed.
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49
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Stoneman M, Fox M, Zeng C, Raicu V. Real-time monitoring of two-photon photopolymerization for use in fabrication of microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:819-827. [PMID: 19255664 DOI: 10.1039/b816993d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report an improved method for production of microfluidic device masters using two-photon photopolymerization of SU-8 negative photoresist, which relies on a two-photon microscope (TPM) commonly used in imaging of biological samples. The device masters serve as negative relief structures for polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic devices. We observed that not only did the two-photon excitation of the SU-8 photoresist initiate crosslinking of the material in the region of the focus of the near-infrared laser beam (as expected) but it also resulted in emission of fluorescence in the visible range. The detected emission of SU-8 photoresist undergoing two-photon excitation displayed a strong correlation with the size of the polymerized objects produced during the exposure; this allowed the progress of the microfluidic master production process to be monitored in real-time. We demonstrate the use of the fluorescence detection during two-photon photopolymerization in the production of microfluidic devices, which were designed to trap individual yeast cells to be imaged with the same TPM used for microfluidic master writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stoneman
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
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50
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Kang JH, Kim B, Park JK. Microfluidic Pycnometer for in Situ Analysis of Fluids in Microchannels. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2569-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802492q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo H. Kang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjun Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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