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Jiang J, Lu B, Zhu B, Li X, Rauhut G, Zeng X. Hydrogen-Bonded π Complexes between Phosphaethyne and Hydrogen Chloride. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4327-4333. [PMID: 37133825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The highly labile complexes between phosphaethyne (HCP) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) with 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometries have been generated in Ar and N2 matrices at 10 K through laser photolysis of the molecular precursors 1-chlorophosphaethene (CH2PCl) and dichloromethylphosphine (CH3PCl2), respectively. The IR spectrum of the 1:1 complex suggests the preference of a single "T-shaped" structure in which HCl acts as the hydrogen donor that interacts with the electron-rich C≡P triple bond. In contrast, three isomeric structures for the 1:2 complex bearing a core structure of the "T-shaped" 1:1 complex are present in the matrix. The spectroscopic identification of these rare HCP π-electron complexes is supported by D-isotope labeling and the quantum chemical calculations at the CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVTZ-F12 level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bifeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Perkins MA, Tschumper GS. Characterization of Competing Halogen- and Hydrogen-Bonding Motifs in Simple Mixed Dimers of HCN and HX (X = F, Cl, Br, and I). J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3688-3695. [PMID: 35652358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work performs the first systematic comparison of hydrogen- and halogen-bonded configurations of the HCN/HX mixed dimer, where X = F, Cl, Br, and I. Eleven different minima have been characterized for these four heterogeneous dimers near the CCSD(T) complete basis set (CBS) limit. For each complex, two different hydrogen-bonded minima were identified: the global minimum where HX acts as the hydrogen bond donor and a local minimum where HX acts as the hydrogen bond acceptor. A halogen-bonded local minimum was also identified for all but the fluorine mixed dimer. To the best of our knowledge, three of the minima are identified here for the first time. The hydrogen- and halogen-bonded local minima of each complex become more energetically competitive with the global minimum as the atomic radius of the halogen atom increases. CCSD(T) relative energies of the hydrogen-bonded local minima computed near the CBS limit decrease from 4.5 kcal mol-1 for HCN/HF to 2.9, 2.4, and 1.2 kcal mol-1 for X = Cl, Br, and I, respectively. Corresponding relative energies for the halogen-bonded local minima range from 4.0 kcal mol-1 for X = Cl to 2.7 kcal mol-1 for X = Br and to as little as 0.5 kcal mol-1 X = I. Harmonic vibrational frequency shifts reported here suggest that it may be feasible to differentiate between the various minima for X = Cl, Br, and I via spectroscopic analysis, as was the case for the HCN/HF dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Gregory S Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
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Mihrin D, Jakobsen PW, Voute A, Manceron L, Wugt Larsen R. High-Resolution Infrared Synchrotron Investigation of (HCN) 2 and a Semi-Experimental Determination of the Dissociation Energy D 0. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:3238-3244. [PMID: 31702872 PMCID: PMC6916300 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The high‐resolution infrared absorption spectrum of the donor bending fundamental band ν61
of the homodimer (HCN)2 has been collected by long‐path static gas‐phase Fourier transform spectroscopy at 207 K employing the highly brilliant 2.75 GeV electron storage ring source at Synchrotron SOLEIL. The rovibrational structure of the ν61
transition has the typical appearance of a perpendicular type band associated with a Σ–Π transition for a linear polyatomic molecule. The total number of 100 assigned transitions are fitted employing a standard semi‐rigid linear molecule Hamiltonian, providing the band origin ν0 of 779.05182(50) cm−1 together with spectroscopic parameters for the degenerate excited state. This band origin, blue‐shifted by 67.15 cm−1 relative to the HCN monomer, provides the final significant contribution to the change of intra‐molecular vibrational zero‐point energy upon HCN dimerization. The combination with the vibrational zero‐point energy contribution determined recently for the class of large‐amplitude inter‐molecular fundamental transitions then enables a complete determination of the total change of vibrational zero‐point energy of 3.35±0.30 kJ mol−1. The new spectroscopic findings together with previously reported benchmark CCSDT(Q)/CBS electronic energies [Hoobler et al. ChemPhysChem. 19, 3257–3265 (2018)] provide the best semi‐experimental estimate of 16.48±0.30 kJ mol−1 for the dissociation energy D0 of this prototypical homodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mihrin
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - P W Jakobsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A Voute
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - L Manceron
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.,Lab. MONARIS, CNRS-UPMC UMR8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230, Paris Cedex, France
| | - R Wugt Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Mihrin D, Jakobsen PW, Voute A, Manceron L, Wugt Larsen R. High-resolution synchrotron terahertz investigation of the large-amplitude hydrogen bond librational band of (HCN) 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 29528052 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The high-resolution terahertz absorption spectrum of the large-amplitude intermolecular donor librational band ν of the homodimer (HCN)2 has been recorded by means of long-path static gas-phase Fourier transform spectroscopy at 207 K employing a highly brilliant electron storage ring source. The rovibrational structure of the ν band has the typical appearance of a perpendicular type band of a Σ-Π transition for a linear polyatomic molecule. The generated terahertz spectrum is analyzed employing a standard semi-rigid linear molecule Hamiltonian, yielding a band origin ν0 of 119.11526(60) cm-1 together with values for the excited state rotational constant B', the excited state quartic centrifugal distortion constant DJ' and the l-type doubling constant q for the degenerate state associated with the ν mode. The until now missing donor librational band origin enables the determination of an accurate experimental value for the vibrational zero-point energy of 2.50 ± 0.05 kJ mol-1 arising from the entire class of large-amplitude intermolecular modes. The spectroscopic findings are complemented by CCSD(T)-F12b/aug-cc-pV5Z (electronic energies) and CCSD(T)-F12b/aug-cc-pVQZ (force fields) electronic structure calculations, providing a (semi)-experimental value of 17.20 ± 0.20 kJ mol-1 for the dissociation energy D0 of this strictly linear weak intermolecular CHN hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mihrin
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - P W Jakobsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - A Voute
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - L Manceron
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France and Lab. MONARIS, CNRS-UPMC UMR8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230 Paris Cedex, France
| | - R Wugt Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Gronowski M, Kołos R, Sadlej J. Structure, energetics, and infrared spectra of weakly bound HC(2n+1)N···HCl complexes. A theoretical study. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:5665-73. [PMID: 22607493 DOI: 10.1021/jp300778j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three model systems, HCN···HCl, HC(3)N···HCl, and HC(5)N···HCl, have been investigated computationally with the use of the second-order Möller-Plesset (MP2) and the coupled cluster (with single and double excitations and noniterative inclusion of triples) methods. The global minima are linear hydrogen-bonded structures with HCl as a proton donor. Bent structures are proton-side complexes with HCl as an electron donor, while the bifurcated hydrogen bonds are predicted for t-shape complexes. One of the most important findings in this paper is that, according to symmetry-adapted perturbation analysis, the induction-to-dispersion ratios are the biggest for linear complexes, and it is the most noticeable difference between linear, bent, and t-shape structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gronowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzak Street, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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van der Avoird A, Bondo Pedersen T, Dhont GSF, Fernández B, Koch H. Ab initio potential-energy surface and rovibrational states of the HCN–HCl complex. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:204315. [PMID: 16774340 DOI: 10.1063/1.2200345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A four-dimensional intermolecular potential-energy surface has been calculated for the HCN-HCl complex, with the use of the coupled cluster method with single and double excitations and noniterative inclusion of triples. Data for more than 13,000 geometries were represented by an angular expansion in terms of coupled spherical harmonics; the dependence of the expansion coefficients on the intermolecular distance R was described by the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method. The global minimum with De=1565 cm(-1) and Re=7.47a0 has a linear HCN-HCl hydrogen-bonded structure with HCl as the donor. A secondary hydrogen-bonded equilibrium structure with De=564 cm(-1) and Re=8.21a0 has a T-shaped geometry with HCN as the donor and the acceptor HCl molecule nearly perpendicular to the intermolecular axis. This potential surface was used in a variational approach to compute a series of bound states of the isotopomers HCN-H35Cl, DCN-H35Cl, and HCN-H37Cl for total angular momentum J=0,1,2 and spectroscopic parities e, f. The results could be analyzed in terms of the approximate quantum numbers of a linear polyatomic molecule with two coupled bend modes, plus a quantum number for the intermolecular stretch vibration. They are in good agreement with the recent high resolution spectrum of Larsen et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7, 1953 (2005)] in the region of 330 cm(-1) corresponding to the HCl libration. The (partly anomalous) effects of isotopic substitutions on the properties of the complex were explained with the aid of the calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ad van der Avoird
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, IMM, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Wugt Larsen R, Hegelund F, Nelander B. Observation and rovibrational analysis of the intermolecular NH3 libration band nu9(1) of H3N-HCN. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:4459-63. [PMID: 16833781 DOI: 10.1021/jp044740w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The high-resolution far-infrared absorption spectrum of the gaseous molecular complex H(3)N-HCN is recorded by means of static gas-phase Fourier transform far-infrared spectroscopy at 247 K, using a synchrotron radiation source. The spectrum contains distinct rotational structures which are assigned to the intermolecular NH(3) libration band nu9(1) (nu(B)) of the pyramidal H(3)N-HCN complex. A rovibrational analysis based on a standard semirigid symmetric top molecule model yields the band origin of 260.03(10) cm(-1), together with values for the upper state rotational constant B' and the upper state quartic centrifugal distortion constants D'(J) and D'(JK). The values for the upper state spectroscopic constants indicate that the hydrogen bond in the H(3)N-HCN complex is destabilized by 5% and elongates by 0.010 A upon excitation of a quantum of libration of the hydrogen bond acceptor molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wugt Larsen
- Chemical Center, Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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