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Li X, Zhao Y, Li B, Wang S, Zou X. A low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of submicron spherical BaF 2. RSC Adv 2021; 11:40051-40058. [PMID: 35494118 PMCID: PMC9044683 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06084h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sub-micron spherical barium fluoride (BaF2) was successfully synthesized via a low-temperature hydrothermal method using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na) as the chelating agent. The effect of pH, the molar ratio of EDTA to Ba2+, barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH)2·8H2O) concentration, hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration, hydrothermal temperature and time, on the formation of spherical BaF2 were investigated. The formation mechanism of spherical BaF2 has been proposed based on the experimental results. The results show that the spherical BaF2, with an average size of 346.9 nm, is formed by the self-assembly of nanocubes. The optimized synthesis conditions are: pH = 14, EDTA-2Na : Ba2+ = 1 : 1, Ba(OH)2 concentration is 0.1 mol L-1, HF concentration is 2.0 mol L-1, hydrothermal temperature is 80 °C and hydrothermal time is 2.0 h. The self-assembly mechanism of the spherical secondary structure was revealed from the perspective of crystal nucleation and growth, and the important role of EDTA in the spherical BaF2 formation is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Effificient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China .,Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Xining 810008 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Effificient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China .,Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Xining 810008 China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Effificient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China .,Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Xining 810008 China
| | - Shuxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Effificient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China .,Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Xining 810008 China
| | - Xingwu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Effificient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China .,Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Xining 810008 China
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2
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He W, Du H, Fu J, Luan F, Li D, Sun L, Guo D. Efficient energy transfer from Ce 3+ to Tb 3+ in BaF 2: green-emitting phosphors for potential applications in the detection of Cu 2+ ions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05189f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A succession of Ce3+ and Tb3+ co-doped BaF2 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Hongli Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Juan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Fangfei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Dewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Liyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Dongcai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
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3
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Park JS, Kim JK, Hong JH, Cho JS, Park SK, Kang YC. Advances in the synthesis and design of nanostructured materials by aerosol spray processes for efficient energy storage. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19012-19057. [PMID: 31410433 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05575d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for energy storage has motivated the search for highly efficient electrode materials for use in rechargeable batteries with enhanced energy density and longer cycle life. One of the most promising strategies for achieving improved battery performance is altering the architecture of nanostructured materials employed as electrode materials in the energy storage field. Among numerous synthetic methods suggested for the fabrication of nanostructured materials, aerosol spray techniques such as spray pyrolysis, spray drying, and flame spray pyrolysis are reliable, as they are facile, cost-effective, and continuous processes that enable the synthesis of nanostructured electrode materials with desired morphologies and compositions with controlled stoichiometry. The post-treatment of spray-processed powders enables the fabrication of oxide, sulfide, and selenide nanostructures hybridized with carbonaceous materials including amorphous carbon, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, etc. In this article, recent progress in the synthesis of nanostructured electrode materials by spray processes and their general formation mechanisms are discussed in detail. A brief introduction to the working principles of each spray process is given first, and synthetic strategies for the design of electrode materials for lithium-ion, sodium-ion, lithium-sulfur, lithium-selenium, and lithium-oxygen batteries are discussed along with some examples. This analysis sheds light on the synthesis of nanostructured materials by spray processes and paves the way toward the design of other novel and advanced nanostructured materials for high performance electrodes in rechargeable batteries of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Koo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Hoo Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Sang Cho
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Keun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University, Budae-dong 275, Cheonan, Chungnam 314-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Dehghani F, Kalantariasl A, Saboori R, Sabbaghi S, Peyvandi K. Performance of carbonate calcium nanoparticles as filtration loss control agent of water-based drilling fluid. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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5
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Fine fluorite nanoparticles synthesized from biomass ash. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Al-Ajely MS, Ziadan KM, Al-Bader RM. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CALCIUM FLUORIDE NANO PARTICLES FOR DENTAL APPLICATIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i1.2018.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to prepare a calcium fluoride (CaF2NP) Nano particle which is used in dental composites as dental filling compo glass type. CaF2 Nano powders were prepared using a Co-precipitation method using binary liquid. Crystal Structural characteristics and Elemental composition of (CaF2NP) Nanoparticles were predicted by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed crystalline peaks of this material. Elemental composition was obtained from EDX analysis. Morphology and diameters of the Nano fibers were studied by scanning electron Microscope (SEM). The size of the particles was also measured from SEM images about 58 ± 21 nm.
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Straßer M, Schrauth JHX, Dembski S, Haddad D, Ahrens B, Schweizer S, Christ B, Cubukova A, Metzger M, Walles H, Jakob PM, Sextl G. Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1484-1493. [PMID: 28900602 PMCID: PMC5530611 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) that can be used as contrast agents (CA) in different imaging techniques, such as photoluminescence (PL) microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), open new possibilities for medical imaging, e.g., in the fields of diagnostics or tissue characterization in regenerative medicine. The focus of this study is on the synthesis and characterization of CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs. Fabricated in a wet-chemical procedure, the spherical NPs with a diameter of 5-10 nm show a crystalline structure. Simultaneous doping of the NPs with different lanthanide ions, leading to paramagnetism and fluorescence, makes them suitable for MR and PL imaging. Owing to the Gd3+ ions on the surface, the NPs reduce the MR T1 relaxation time constant as a function of their concentration. Thus, the NPs can be used as a MRI CA with a mean relaxivity of about r = 0.471 mL·mg-1·s-1. Repeated MRI examinations of four different batches prove the reproducibility of the NP synthesis and determine the long-term stability of the CAs. No cytotoxicity of NP concentrations between 0.5 and 1 mg·mL-1 was observed after exposure to human dermal fibroblasts over 24 h. Overall this study shows, that the CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs are suitable for medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Straßer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim H X Schrauth
- MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sofia Dembski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Translational Center Wuerzburg “Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculosceletal Diseases”, Branch of Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Roentgenring 11, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Haddad
- MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Imaging Department of Fraunhofer Development Center X-ray Technology EZRT, a division of Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Ahrens
- South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Luebecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany
- Fraunhofer Application Center for Inorganic Phosphors, Branch Lab of Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Luebecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany
| | - Stefan Schweizer
- South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Luebecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany
- Fraunhofer Application Center for Inorganic Phosphors, Branch Lab of Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Luebecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany
| | - Bastian Christ
- Translational Center Wuerzburg “Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculosceletal Diseases”, Branch of Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alevtina Cubukova
- Translational Center Wuerzburg “Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculosceletal Diseases”, Branch of Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Translational Center Wuerzburg “Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculosceletal Diseases”, Branch of Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Roentgenring 11, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Translational Center Wuerzburg “Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculosceletal Diseases”, Branch of Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Roentgenring 11, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Peter M Jakob
- MRB Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sextl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
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8
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Ritter B, Haida P, Fink F, Krahl T, Gawlitza K, Rurack K, Scholz G, Kemnitz E. Novel and easy access to highly luminescent Eu and Tb doped ultra-small CaF2, SrF2 and BaF2 nanoparticles – structure and luminescence. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2925-2936. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04711d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A universal fast and easy access at room temperature to transparent sols of nanoscopic Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped CaF2, SrF2 and BaF2 particles via the fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis route is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ritter
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Institut für Chemie
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Philipp Haida
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Institut für Chemie
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Friedrich Fink
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Institut für Chemie
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Thoralf Krahl
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Institut für Chemie
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Nanofluor GmbH
| | - Kornelia Gawlitza
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
- Fachbereich Chemische und optische Sensorik
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Knut Rurack
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
- Fachbereich Chemische und optische Sensorik
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Gudrun Scholz
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Institut für Chemie
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Erhard Kemnitz
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Institut für Chemie
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Nanofluor GmbH
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9
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10
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Song W, Liu K, Feng L, Shen Q. Controlled formation of barium fluoride nanocrystals by electric-assisted phase separation and precipitation. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00696a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrated that barium fluoride (BaF2) nanocrystals can be controllably formed by an electric-assisted phase separation and precipitation method, EAPSP, in a water/ethanol mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials
- Polymer Department of Donghua University
- 201620 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials
- Polymer Department of Donghua University
- 201620 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials
- Polymer Department of Donghua University
- 201620 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials
- Polymer Department of Donghua University
- 201620 Shanghai, PR China
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11
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Schmidt L, Emmerling F, Kirmse H, Kemnitz E. Sol–gel synthesis and characterisation of nanoscopic strontium fluoride. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43769h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Kemmler JA, Pokhrel S, Mädler L, Weimar U, Barsan N. Flame spray pyrolysis for sensing at the nanoscale. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:442001. [PMID: 24113649 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/44/442001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Progress in developing novel gas sensors based on semiconducting metal oxides (SMOX) has been hindered by the cumbersome fabrication technologies currently employed. They involve time intensive synthesis procedures for gaining sensitive materials and preparation of the inks employed for realizing sensing layers. In this paper we review the opportunities offered by the relatively young method of flame spray pyrolysis, with which it is possible not only to synthesize a broad selection of SMOX in pure or doped form, but also to simultaneously deposit thick and highly porous gas sensitive films on a variety of substrates. In less than ten years the properties of nine base materials have been evaluated for all most relevant target gases and the obtained results are promising for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kemmler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Buchanan WD, Ruhlandt-Senge K. MF Interactions and Heterobimetallics: Furthering the Understanding of Heterobimetallic Stabilization. Chemistry 2013; 19:10708-15. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Huang C, Wang Y, Luo G. Preparation of Highly Dispersed and Small-Sized ZnO Nanoparticles in a Membrane Dispersion Microreactor and Their Photocatalytic Degradation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303408f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Huang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Soluble nanoparticles as removable pore templates for the preparation of polymer ultrafiltration membranes. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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16
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Ye J, Zhou R, Zheng C, Sun Q, Lv Y, Li C, Hou X. Size-controllable synthesis of spherical ZnO nanoparticles: Size- and concentration-dependent resonant light scattering. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Sun L, Chow LC, Bonevich JE, Wang T, Mitchell JW. A new approach to prepare well-dispersed CaF(2) nanoparticles by spray drying technique. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 98:223-9. [PMID: 21695777 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previously, nano-sized calcium fluoride (CaF₂) particles were prepared using a spray drying method by simultaneously feeding Ca(OH)₂ and NH₄F solutions to a two-liquid nozzle. The aim of the present study was to prepare better-dispersed nano-CaF₂ particles by co-forming a soluble salt, sodium chloride (NaCl). NaCl of various concentrations were added to the NH(4) F solution, leading to formation of (CaF₂ +NaCl) composites with CaF₂ /NaCl molar ratios of 4/1, 4/4, and 4/16. Pure nano-CaF₂ was also prepared as the control. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the products contained crystalline CaF₂ and NaCl. Scanning electron microscopy examinations showed that both the CaF₂ /NaCl composite and pure CaF₂ particles were about (50-800) nm in size and consisted of primary CaF₂ particles of < 50 nm in size. BET surface area measurements showed similar primary particle sizes for all samples. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed that the washed (CaF₂+NaCl) particles were much smaller than the pure CaF₂ as the dissolution of NaCl "freed" most of the primary CaF₂ particles, leading to a greater degree of particle dispersion. The well-dispersed nano-CaF₂ may be expected to be a more effective anticaries agent than NaF by providing longer lasting elevations of fluoride concentrations in oral fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Sun
- American Dental Association Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8546, USA.
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18
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Hou S, Zou Y, Liu X, Yu X, Liu B, Sun X, Xing Y. CaF2and CaF2:Ln3+(Ln = Er, Nd, Yb) hierarchical nanoflowers: hydrothermal synthesis and luminescent properties. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Teoh WY, Amal R, Mädler L. Flame spray pyrolysis: An enabling technology for nanoparticles design and fabrication. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:1324-47. [PMID: 20820719 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Combustion of appropriate precursor sprays in a flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) process is a highly promising and versatile technique for the rapid and scalable synthesis of nanostuctural materials with engineered functionalities. The technique was initially derived from the fundamentals of the well-established vapour-fed flame aerosols reactors that was widely practised for the manufacturing of simple commodity powders such as pigmentary titania, fumed silica, alumina, and even optical fibers. In the last 10 years however, FSP knowledge and technology was developed substantially and a wide range of new and complex products have been synthesised, attracting major industries in a diverse field of applications. Key innovations in FSP reactor engineering and precursor chemistry have enabled flexible designs of nanostructured loosely-agglomerated powders and particulate films of pure or mixed oxides and even pure metals and alloys. Unique material morphologies such as core-shell structures and nanorods are possible using this essentially one step and continuous FSP process. Finally, research challenges are discussed and an outlook on the next generation of engineered combustion-made materials is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wey Yang Teoh
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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20
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Buchanan WD, Guino-o MA, Ruhlandt-Senge K. Highly Volatile Alkaline Earth Metal Fluoroalkoxides. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:7144-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100960z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William D. Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100
| | - Marites A. Guino-o
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100
| | - Karin Ruhlandt-Senge
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100
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Abstract
This paper reviews the synthesis, structure and applications of metal fluoride nanoparticles, with particular focus on rare earth (RE) doped fluoride nanoparticles obtained by our research group. Nanoparticles were produced by precipitation methods using the ligand ammonium di-n-octadecyldithiophosphate (ADDP) that allows the growth of shells around a core particle while simultaneously avoiding particle aggregation. Nanoparticles were characterized on their structure, morphology, and luminescent properties. We discuss the synthesis, properties, and application of heavy metal fluorides; specifically LaF3:RE and PbF2, and group IIA fluorides. Particular attention is given to the synthesis of core/shell nanoparticles, including selectively RE-doped LaF3/LaF3, and CaF2/CaF2 core/(multi-)shell nanoparticles, and the CaF2-LaF3 system.
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22
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Guo F, Zhang Z, Li H, Meng S, Li D. A solvent extraction route for CaF2 hollow spheres. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8237-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03144e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Hou S, Xing Y, Liu X, Zou Y, Liu B, Sun X. Barium fluoride hollow microcubes: hydrothermal synthesis and host for lanthanide near-infrared luminescent properties. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b923936g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rotzetter ACC, Luechinger NA, Athanassiou EK, Mohn D, Koehler FM, Grass RN. Sintering of core–shell Ag/glass nanoparticles: metal percolation at the glass transition temperature yields metal/glass/ceramic composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rothen-Rutishauser B, Grass RN, Blank F, Limbach LK, Mühlfeld C, Brandenberger C, Raemy DO, Gehr P, Stark WJ. Direct combination of nanoparticle fabrication and exposure to lung cell cultures in a closed setup as a method to simulate accidental nanoparticle exposure of humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:2634-40. [PMID: 19452928 DOI: 10.1021/es8029347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous application potential of nanosized materials stays in sharp contrast to a growing number of critical reports of their potential toxicity. Applications of in vitro methods to assess nanoparticles are severely limited through difficulties in exposing cells of the respiratory tract directly to airborne engineered nanoparticles. We present a completely new approach to expose lung cells to particles generated in situ by flame spray synthesis. Cerium oxide nanoparticles from a single run were produced and simultaneously exposed to the surface of cultured lung cells inside a glovebox. Separately collected samples were used to measure hydrodynamic particle size distribution, shape, and agglomerate morphology. Cell viability was not impaired by the conditions of the glovebox exposure. The tightness of the lung cell monolayer, the mean total lamellar body volume, and the generation of oxidative DNA damage revealed a dose-dependent cellular response to the airborne engineered nanoparticles. The direct combination of production and exposure allows studying particle toxicity in a simple and reproducible way under environmental conditions.
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Quan Z, Yang D, Yang P, Zhang X, Lian H, Liu X, Lin J. Uniform Colloidal Alkaline Earth Metal Fluoride Nanocrystals: Nonhydrolytic Synthesis and Luminescence Properties. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:9509-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8014207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhou Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Gubler M, Brunner TJ, Zehnder M, Waltimo T, Sener B, Stark WJ. Do bioactive glasses convey a disinfecting mechanism beyond a mere increase in pH? Int Endod J 2008; 41:670-8. [PMID: 18554188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test whether bioactive glasses kill microbiota via mineralization or the release of ions other than sodium. METHODOLOGY Flame-spray synthesis was applied to produce nanometric glasses of different sodium content and constant Ca/P ratio: 28S5, 45S5 and 77S. Calcium hydroxide and nanometric tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were used as controls. Apatite induction was monitored by Raman spectroscopy. Bovine dentine disks with adherent Enterococcus faecalis cells were exposed to test and control suspensions or buffered solutions for 1 h, 1 day and 1 week. Colony-forming units were counted and disks were inspected using scanning electron microscopy. Suspension supernatants and solutions were analysed for their pH, osmolarity, calcium and silicon content. RESULTS Sodium containing glasses induced pH levels above 12, compared with less than pH 9 with sodium-free 77S. Calcium hydroxide, 45S5 and 28S5 killed all bacteria after 1 day and lysed them after 1 week. TCP caused the highest apatite induction and substantial calcification on bacteria adhering to dentine, but did not reduce viable counts. 77S achieved disinfection after 1 week without visible apatite formation, whilst the buffer solution at pH 9 caused only minimal reduction in counts. CONCLUSION Bioactive glasses have a directly and an indirectly pH-related antibacterial effect. The effect not directly linked to pH is because of ion release rather than mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gubler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology led several groups to recognize the promise of recruiting nanomaterials to the ongoing battle against pathogenic bacteria. A large battery of newly discovered and developed nanomaterials has been accumulating during the last decade, therefore, it could be anticipated that it should only be a matter of time until such preliminary nanomedicine applications are presented. We review some of these pioneering studies in which nanomaterials have been evaluated as potential therapeutics, antiseptics or disinfectants. These studies can be divided roughly into two groups. The first are studies of antibacterial nanomedicines that are based solely on synthetic (artificial) materials. The second group comprises studies of antibacterial nanomaterials that are based on biological substances used in their natural or in a modified form. We will discuss the physicochemical and antibacterial highlights of each material and present the future perspectives of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftach Yacoby
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Itai Benhar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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Zhu L, Meng J, Cao X. Sonochemical synthesis and luminescence properties of single-crystalline BaF2:Eu3+ nanospheres. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Halim SC, Brunner TJ, Grass RN, Bohner M, Stark WJ. Preparation of an ultra fast binding cement from calcium silicate-based mixed oxide nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 18:395701. [PMID: 21730426 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/39/395701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Building construction takes time, in part because the binding process of cement is based on the slow re-crystallization and precipitation of calcium silicate species. Since the material's reactivity is surface area limited, a reduction in particle size of Portland cements has been used to prepare faster binding formulations. The present work investigates a new and direct, one-step preparation of calcium silicate-based nanoparticles of a typical Portland cement composition by flame spray synthesis. Isothermal calorimetry revealed that the hardening of this new nano-cement corroborated a more than tenfold increase of initial reactivity with different reaction kinetics if compared to conventionally prepared cements. At present, the unfavourably high porosity of nano-cements, however, underlines the need for additional improvements of chemical composition and formulation to make these highly reactive materials applicable to modern construction work, where load-bearing strength is of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Halim
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Grass RN, Athanassiou EK, Stark WJ. Covalently functionalized cobalt nanoparticles as a platform for magnetic separations in organic synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4909-12. [PMID: 17516598 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Waltimo T, Brunner TJ, Vollenweider M, Stark WJ, Zehnder M. Antimicrobial effect of nanometric bioactive glass 45S5. J Dent Res 2007; 86:754-7. [PMID: 17652205 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most recent advances in nanomaterials fabrication have given access to complex materials such as SiO(2)-Na(2)O-CaO-P(2)O(5) bioactive glasses in the form of amorphous nanoparticles of 20- to 60-nm size. The clinically interesting antimicrobial properties of commercially available, micron-sized bioactive glass 45S5 have been attributed to the continuous liberation of alkaline species during application. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, based on its more than ten-fold higher specific surface area, nanometric bioactive glass releases more alkaline species, and consequently displays a stronger antimicrobial effect, than the currently applied micron-sized material. Ionic dissolution profiles were monitored in simulated body fluid. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against clinical isolates of enterococci from persisting root canal infections. The shift from micron- to nano-sized treatment materials afforded a ten-fold increase in silica release and solution pH elevation by more than three units. Furthermore, the killing efficacy was substantially higher with the new material against all tested strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Waltimo
- Institute of Oral Microbiology and Preventive Dentistry, University of Basel Center of Dental Medicine, Switzerland
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Grass R, Athanassiou E, Stark W. Magnetische Trennung von organischen Verbindungen durch kovalent funktionalisierte Cobaltnanopartikel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lv Y, Wu X, Wu D, Huo D, Zhao S. Synthesis of barium fluoride nanoparticles by precipitation in ethanol–aqueous mixed solvents. POWDER TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kuznetsov SV, Yarotskaya IV, Fedorov PP, Voronov VV, Lavrishchev SV, Basiev TT, Osiko VV. Preparation of nanopowdered M1−x R x F2+x (M = Ca, Sr, Ba; R = Ce, Nd, Er, Yb) Solid Solutions. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023607030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Grass RN, Dietiker M, Solenthaler C, Spolenak R, Stark WJ. Grain growth resistance and increased hardness of bulk nanocrystalline fcc cobalt prepared by a bottom-up approach. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 18:035703. [PMID: 19636134 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/3/035703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bulk nanocrystalline cobalt was prepared from reducing flame-spray-derived cobalt nanopowders exclusively in the face-centred cubic (fcc) modification. Compacts of approximately 60% density were obtained from uniaxial compression at room temperature and showed a strong resistance towards grain growth upon subsequent sintering to 90% relative density. The nanocrystalline structure remained stable well above 1000 degrees C and resulted in a pore-rich metal with about 10(15) nanovoids cm(-3). These sintered compacts displayed an up to three times higher bulk hardness if compared to conventional cobalt and local ductility as evidenced from scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation. The strong grain-growth resistance and consequent increase in material hardness are discussed in respect of the presence of nanovoids, twin boundaries and material contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Materials Research Center, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Strobel R, Pratsinis SE. Flame aerosol synthesis of smart nanostructured materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b711652g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Link N, Brunner TJ, Dreesen IAJ, Stark WJ, Fussenegger M. Inorganic nanoparticles for transfection of mammalian cells and removal of viruses from aqueous solutions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 98:1083-93. [PMID: 17546691 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their small size, synthetic nanoparticles show unprecedented biophysical and biochemical properties which may foster novel advances in life-science research. Using flame-spray synthesis technology we have produced non-coated aluminum-, calcium-, cerium-, and zirconium-derived inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles which not only exhibit high affinity for nucleic acids, but can sequester such compounds from aqueous solution. This non-covalent DNA-binding capacity was successfully used to transiently transfect a variety of mammalian cells including human, reaching transfection efficiencies which compared favorably with classic calcium phosphate precipitation (CaP) procedures and lipofection. In this straightforward protocol, transfection was enabled by simply mixing nanoparticles with DNA in solution prior to addition to the target cell population. Transiently transfected cells showed higher production levels of the human secreted glycoprotein SEAP compared to isogenic populations transfected with established technologies. Inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles also showed a high binding capacity to human-pathogenic viruses including adenovirus, adeno-associated virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and were able to clear these pathogens from aqueous solutions. The DNA transfection and viral clearance capacities of inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles may provide cost-effective biopharmaceutical manufacturing and water treatment in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Link
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, HCI F115, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Brunner TJ, Bohner M, Dora C, Gerber C, Stark WJ. Comparison of amorphous TCP nanoparticles to micron-sized α-TCP as starting materials for calcium phosphate cements. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 83:400-7. [PMID: 17410573 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of degradable bone cements with a mineral composition similar to natural bone was investigated using highly reactive calcium phosphate phases as starting materials. Mixtures of XRD-amorphous, glassy tricalcium phosphate (amorphous-TCP) nanoparticles of 25-60 nm size and micron sized, milled alpha-TCP were set by hydration with sodium phosphate buffer and investigated for possible application as single component calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). Isothermal calorimetry allowed a precise tracking of the setting process. Amorphous-TCP nanoparticles converted into calcium deficient hydroxyapatite with cement setting times below 12 min. The total energy release by the material during hardening corroborated the importance of high specific surface area and phase composition, that is, amorphous state of the nanometric starting material as repeatedly suggested earlier. The phase composition of the resulting CPCs was characterized by X-ray diffraction before and after setting. The morphology was investigated by nitrogen adsorption, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy and revealed the formation of highly porous calcium deficient hydroxyapatite with specific surface areas of up to 160 m(2) g(-1) after setting. In contrast to the very fast reaction time and highest specific surface area, the mechanical stability of the resulting CPC is still insufficient and requires further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J Brunner
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Mishra S, Daniele S, Hubert-Pfalzgraf LG. Metal 2-ethylhexanoates and related compounds as useful precursors in materials science. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1770-87. [DOI: 10.1039/b614334m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Grass RN, Albrecht TF, Krumeich F, Stark WJ. Large-scale preparation of ceria/bismuth metal-matrix nano-composites with a hardness comparable to steel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b614317b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Feldmann C, Roming M, Trampert K. Polyol-mediated synthesis of nanoscale CaF2 and CaF2:Ce,Tb. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2006; 2:1248-50. [PMID: 17192968 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200600140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe, TH Engesserstrasse 15 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Eslamian M, Ashgriz N. Effect of precursor, ambient pressure, and temperature on the morphology, crystallinity, and decomposition of powders prepared by spray pyrolysis and drying. POWDER TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Glazunova TY, Boltalin AI, Fedorov PP. Synthesis of calcium, strontium, and barium fluorides by thermal decomposition of trifluoroacetates. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023606070011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Athanassiou EK, Grass RN, Stark WJ. Large-scale production of carbon-coated copper nanoparticles for sensor applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2006; 17:1668-73. [PMID: 26558576 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/6/022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles with a mean carbon coating of about 1 nm were continuously produced at up to 10 g h(-1) using a modified flame spray synthesis unit under highly reducing conditions. Raman spectroscopy and solid state (13)C magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that the thin carbon layer consisted of a sp(2)-hybridized carbon modification in the form of graphene stacks. The carbon layer protected the copper nanoparticles from oxidation in air. Bulk pills of pressed carbon/copper nanoparticles displayed a highly pressure- and temperature-dependent electrical conductivity with sensitivity at least comparable to commercial materials. These properties suggest the use of thin carbon/copper nanocomposites as novel, low-cost sensor materials and offer a metal-based alternative to the currently used brittle oxidic spinels or perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Athanassiou
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Brunner TJ, Grass RN, Stark WJ. Glass and bioglass nanopowders by flame synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:1384-6. [PMID: 16550274 DOI: 10.1039/b517501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of amorphous nanopowders by flame synthesis opens access to common soda-lime, metal-doped glasses or bioglasses in the range of 20-80 nm and offers an alternative to conventional wet-phase preparation, solid state reactions or melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J Brunner
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, HCI E 107, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Grass RN, Tsantilis S, Pratsinis SE. Design of high-temperature, gas-phase synthesis of hard or soft TiO2 agglomerates. AIChE J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.10739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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