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Nogales A, García C, Del Campo A, Ezquerra TA, Rodriguez-Hernández J. Micropatterned functional interfaces on elastic substrates fabricated by fixing out of plane deformations. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6105-6114. [PMID: 35943033 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00873d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on the preparation of micropatterned functional surfaces produced by inducing an out-of-plane deformation on elastic substrates and fixing these by creating a rigid oxidized top layer. Specifically, the elastic substrate used was Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the rigid layer on top was created by ozonation of this material. We evidenced that the surface pattern formed is directly dependent on the pressure applied, the mechanical properties of the elastic substrate and on the dimensions and shape of the mask employed to define the exposed and non-exposed areas. In addition to the pattern formed, another interesting aspect is related to the ozone diffusion within the material. Softer PDMS enables more efficient diffusion and produced a thicker oxidized layer in comparison to rigid PDMS. Finally, a simulation was carried out using the distribution of Von Misses stresses of a solid plate to understand the conditions in which the applied force resulted in the rupture of the rigid oxidized layer under a permanent deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM), CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carolina García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adolfo Del Campo
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (ICV), CSIC, C/Kelsen 5, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM), CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain.
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Yang Q, Liu Y, Jia X, Zhang T, Tian H, Fan J, Xu Q, Song F. Phase-field numerical study on the dynamic process of thermocapillary patterning. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:015111. [PMID: 35974516 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.015111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that surface tension is dependent on temperature, and thus a nonuniform temperature may cause thermocapillary flow which is referred to as the Marangoni effect. For a thin liquid-air film confined between a flat hot plate and a topographical cold template, it undergoes deformation due to thermocapillary flow. This phenomenon is termed as thermocapillary patterning, and has been used to fabricate micro- and nanostructure in polymer films. In most cases, the obtained structure conforms to the template; i.e., it can be considered as a replication technique. In this paper, we developed a two-phase flow numerical model based on the phase field to study the dynamic process of thermocapillary patterning. As a remeshing-free method, the phase field enables the incorporation of thermal field and multiphase flow with free surface deformation. The numerical model was employed to study the dynamic process of thermocapillary patterning. Meanwhile, the effects of some parameters, e.g., temperature, geometry parameters, and contact angle, were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhen Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- Micro-/Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankui Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, Jilin 132012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmiao Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- Micro-/Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, Jilin 132012, People's Republic of China
| | - Quange Xu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, Jilin 132012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenhong Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, Jilin 132012, People's Republic of China
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Nogales A, Del Campo A, Ezquerra TA, Rodriguez-Hernández J. Wrinkling and Folding on Patched Elastic Surfaces: Modulation of the Chemistry and Pattern Size of Microwrinkled Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20188-20195. [PMID: 28521085 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An unconventional strategy is proposed that takes advantage of localized high-deformation areas, referred to as folded wrinkles, to produce microstructured elastic surfaces with precisely controlled pattern dimensions and chemical distribution. For that purpose, elastic PDMS substrates were prestretched to a different extent and oxidized in particular areas using a mask. When the stretching was removed, the PDMS substrate exhibited out-of-plane deformations that largely depend on the applied prestretching. Prestretchings below 100% lead to affine deformations in which the treated areas are buckled. On the contrary, prestretchings above ε >100% prior to surface treatment induce the formation of folded wrinkles on those micrometer-size ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) treated areas upon relaxation. As a result, dual periodic wrinkles were formed due to the alternation of highly deformed (folded) and low deformed (buckled) areas. Our strategy is based on the surface treatment at precise positions upon prestretching of the elastic substrate (PDMS). Additionally, this approach can be used to template the formation of wrinkled surfaces by alternating lines of folded wrinkles (valleys) and low-deformed areas (hills). This effect allowed us to precisely tune the shape and distribution of the UVO exposed areas by varying the prestretching direction. Moreover, the wrinkle characteristics, including period and amplitude, exhibit a direct relation to the dimensions of the patterns present in the mask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC , Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Del Campo
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (ICV-CSIC) , C/Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC , Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC) , C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Singer JP. Thermocapillary approaches to the deliberate patterning of polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Phillip Singer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
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del Campo A, Arzt E. Fabrication Approaches for Generating Complex Micro- and Nanopatterns on Polymeric Surfaces. Chem Rev 2008; 108:911-45. [PMID: 18298098 DOI: 10.1021/cr050018y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu del Campo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstraβe 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eduard Arzt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstraβe 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Paul R, Esker AR. Pattern formation in dewetting poly(tert-butyl acrylate)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) bilayer films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:6734-8. [PMID: 16863212 DOI: 10.1021/la060973y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The surface morphology of dewetting poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) and trisilanolphenyl-POSS (TPP) bilayers has been studied as a function of time at 95 degrees C. For short annealing times, only the upper nanoparticle (TPP) layer dewets from the underlying PtBA layer. The number and lateral dimensions of the holes in the upper TPP layer increase with increasing annealing times, forming interconnected rim structures. At later annealing times, scattered holes that reach down into the PtBA layer are observed among the interconnected rim structures. Fractal nanofiller (TPP)-rich aggregates are found at the bottom of the scattered holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Paul
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute and Department of Chemistry (0212), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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